Differential. The differential is a system of gears that allows different drive wheels (the wheels to which power Is delivered from the engine) on the some axle to rotate at different speeds, such as when the car Is turning. 1. Further reduces the rotations coming from the gear box before the same are passed on to the rear axles, 2, Changes the direction of axts of rotation of the power by 9o le. from being longitudinal to transverse direction 3. To distribute power equally to beth the rear driving axles when the tractor Is moving in stralght ahead direction. 4, To distribute the power as per requirement to the driving axles during turning fe. more rotations are required by the outer wheel as compared to the inner wheel ~ during turns. ‘THE MAIN COMPONENTS OF THE DIFFERENTIAL ‘1 Input pinfon gear 2. Crown whee! gear 3. Differential cage . Differential star 5. Differential axle (sun) gear| Fluid flywheel Fluid Flywheel has a liquid coupling which is used to transmit engine turning effort (torque) toa clutch and transmission. Tt consists of two half dough nut shaped shells equipped with interior fins. The fins radiate from the hub, and thereby form radial passages. The areas of these passages, perpendicular to thelr centre line, are kept constant by a sultable design. Since the circumferential width of the opening close to the hub Is less than that at the periphery, the rad‘al size of the opening, close to the hub fs made greater than that at the periphery. ‘One of the shells Is fixed to the crankshaft of the engine and the other to the clutch/gearbox shaft. The two shells are mounted very close, with their open ends facing each other, so that. they can be turned Independently without touching, Housing surrounds both units to make a closed assembly. About 80 percent of the interior of the assembly is filled with ofl, Working of fluld flywheel! The driving unit, called impeller, is linked to the engine crankshaft. When the engine throttle Ts ‘opened, the oil in the impeller starts moving. Due to the force of the rotating, trapped oil impinges on the fins of the driven unit called runner and causes ft to move. In this way, the moving liquid transmits the engine power to the clutch driving plat or to any other unit to which the runner is attached. This happens without any metal contact.Lot. Basically, the clutch needs three parts. These are the engine flywheel, a friction disc called the clutch plate and a pressure plate. There are springs which provide axial force to keep the clutch in engaged position. When the engine is running and the flywheel is rotating, the pressure plate also rotates as the pressure plate is attached to the flywheel The friction disc is located between the two, When the driver has pushed down the clutch pedal the clutch is released. This action forces the pressure plate to move away from the friction disc against the force of springs. With this movement of pressure plate, the friction plate is released and the clutch is disengaged. When your foot is off the pedal, the springs push the pressure plate against the clutch disc, which in tum presses against the flywheel. This locks the engine to the transmission input shaft, causing them to spin at the same speed. The amount of force the clutch can hold depends on the friction between the clutch plate and the flywheel, and how much force the spring puts on the pressure plate When the clutch pedal is pressed, piston pushes on the release fork, which presses the throw-out bearing against the middle of the diaphragm spring. As the middle of the diaphragm spring is pushed in, a series of pins near the outside of the spring causes the spring to pull the pressure plate away from the clutch disc This releases the clutch from the spinning engine. SINGLE PLATE CLUTCHThis type of clutch contains more than one clutch plates, this type of clutch occupies space compared to a plate clutch, we can use this clutch where the required area is le for transmission purpose. this type of clutch transfers more torque comparatively than a single plate, due to more heat developed at the power transmission it required a lubrication system, by this lubrication system coeflicient of friction, gets decreases, conan SHA [ 7 Jemma, ~All \ ucrounares2.4.3 Centrifugal clutch: This type of centrifugal clutch is usually placed into the motor pulleys. There is a shoe provided inside the rim of the pulley. The shoe with outer area/surrounding is covered with the help of friction material, to move the shoe radially they provided with guides in it, this type of clutch is more useful. Engine Shaft Giuteh shat CENTRIFUGAL CLUTCHConstant Mesh Gear Box This system generally consists of 3 shafts i.e. Clutch shaft, the layshaft, and Main Shaft. Apart from this, 2 dog clutches are mounted on the main shaft for engaging with the gears desired by the driver. The power comes from the engine to the clutch shaft and then to the clutch gear which is always attached at the end of the clutch shaft. All the gears on the layshaft are fixed and are in mesh with the clutch gear and main shaft gears. Dog clutches : These are the special shifting devices responsible for transmitting appropriate gear ratio to the final output, the pair of gears with suitable gear ratio comes in contact with the sliding dog clutches which in turn transmit the gear ratio of the pair of meshed gears to the final output shaft. nD Constant mesh gear boxSynchromesh Gearbox Ball lock & @ S & — ES a | CS E44 — EY EY ES i i —| Ei 4 4 ES == i ES ES This type of gearbox is similar to the constant mesh type in that all the gears on the main shaft are in constant mesh with the corresponding gears on the layshaft. The gears on the layshaft are fixed to it while those on the main shaft are free to rotate on the same. Its working is also similar to the constant mesh type, but in the former, there is one definite improvement over the latter. This is the provision of a synchromesh device which avoids the necessity of double-declutching. The parts whict ultimately are to be engaged are first brought into frictional contact which equalizes their speed, after which these may be engaged smoothly.These are some disadvantages of the Sliding Mesh Gearbox: * The Mechanical Efficiency was very low in the case of the Sliding Mesh Gearbox. © The driver requires considerable skill for changing the gears because the gears of the main shaft and lay shaft are away from each other. 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