Geographic Information System (GIS)

Geographic
Information
System (GIS)
A presentation in Plan 203 D by:

Leonard Bryle Briones
James Capistrano
Mark Jetro Mortel
Ralph Chester Retamal
December 6, 2022
Image source:
https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/gis-concept-data-layers-for-infographic-vector-11951044
Outline of the Presentation
I. What is GIS?
II. Timeline of GIS
III. Benefits of GIS
IV. Components of GIS
V. Functions of GIS
VI. How is it used?
VII. GIS as Tools for Urban Planning
VIII. Where to use GIS?
A. In Land Use Planning
B. In Disaster Risk Reduction and Manamentment
C. In Agriculture
D. In Housing
E. In Transportation
F. In Advocacy work
IX. Summary and Conclusion
Geographic Information System (GIS)

What is GIS? GIS can answer…
What is at? Location
A system of hardware, software

and procedure to facilitate the Where is it? Condition
management, manipulation,
analysis, modeling, representation
What has changed
and display of geo-referenced Trends
since?
data to solve complex problems
regarding planning and What spatial patterns
Patterns
management of resources. exist?
What if…? Modeling

Timeline of GIS
Sieve mapping (multiple transparent layers laid Harvard Laboratory Computer Graphics developed the
on a light table to identify areas of overlap). first vector GIS called Odyssey GIS.
Data was coarse and inaccurate and measuring New Computer Cartography products: GIMMS,
distance is cumbersome MAPICS, SURFACE, GRID, IMGRID, GEOMAP and MAP
Before 1990 -
1960-1975 1975-1990
1960s present
Technological advancements such as line printers, User Proliferation of GIS because of cheaper
mainframe computers (data storage), coordinate system and more powerful computers; data
input availability; remote sensing integration.
Roger F. Tomlinson GIS became more commercially available.

founded the Canadian Geographic Information System
(CGIS) - considered as the root of GIS. Open source GIS
Census has become digitized in the US and UK in terms of

boundaries, roads and topographic information.
Benefits of GIS
Traditional GIS
Manual Operation Digital
Dataset and Data type

Limited Multiple
Presented at Once
Whole map to be drawn again Updating Easy updating
Can be stored in memory or cloud

Paper disintegrates over time Archiving
storage easily
Prone to bias in measurement or

Accuracy Eliminates user bias
analytical processes
Cost and labor extensive Cost & Labor Cost and labor efficient

Components of GIS
Hardware Data
Methods &
Software People Procedures

Functions of GIS
Key outputs -> Map
GIS as an analysis tool
GIS allows us to stack

layers of information and
examine the ways in
which datasets relate to
one another
GIS and other Spatial

Technologies
● Global Positioning
System (GPS)
● Remote Sensing

How is it
used?

Database
Management
GIS as
Tools for Visualization
Field data
collection
Urban
Planning Spatial analysis
& modeling

Where to use GIS?
Image source: GIS-University Website

…in Land Use Planning
● Comprehensive Land Use Plan

○ Land Use Classification
■ Land utilization
■ Future planning
■ Land management
resource
● Climate Disaster Risk Assessment
(CDRA)
● And others…
Existing Land Use Map of the City of Manila

from the City Planning and Development Office Geographic Information System (GIS)
Land Use Categories and Color Coding
Source: CLUP Guidebook Volume 3: Model Zoning
Ordinance (Annex 1)
Spatial analysis of human
population distribution and
growth in Marinduque Island,
Philippines (Salvacion &
Magcale-Macandog, 2015)
- Population growth along with

composition and distribution is closely
linked with land use, land cover, and
global climate change which in effect
influence the need and demand for
policy responses

Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment
(CDRA) Exposure Database
Development
- Is the process of studying risks and - Exposure maps
vulnerabilities of exposed elements generated
namely, the people, urban areas, through GIS
agriculture, forestry and fishery
production areas, critical point
facilities, lifelines and other
infrastructure associated with Decision Making
- Identified major
natural hazards and climate decision areas and
change list of risk
- Must be integrated in the various management and
adaptation/mitigati
steps of the CLUP formulation on measures
process
…in Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM)
Prevention and Response and Early Rehabilitation and

Preparedness
Mitigation Recovery Recovery
● Resource inventory
● Scientific hazard ● Logistics planning

analysis ● Situation analysis
● Evacuation ● Spatial planning
● Vulnerability planning ● Crisis Maps
modeling ● Infrastructures
● Communications ● Damage and
planning losses ● Housing
● Risk assessment assessments
and mapping ● Needs assessment ● Livelihood
● Stock assessment ● Logistics
● Monitoring,
Forecasting, Early
Warning
Source: NDRRMP; Figure 1 page 15 of Article: Geo Information Systems &

Remote Sensing: Applications in Environmental Systems & Management

Prevention and Mitigation - Preparedness
Rainfall Data
Image source:
DOST-PAGASA
Tropical Cyclone
Track
Image source:
DOST-PAGASA Hazard and Vulnerability map
Image source: QC DRRMP
(2014-2020)
Nationwide Operations Assessment of Hazards (NOAH)

IRISE-UP - Intelligent, Resilient & Integrated Systems for the Urban https://noah.up.edu.ph/
Population Image source: Comprehensive Hazard map screen capture
Image source: Quezoncity.gov.ph from noah.up.edu.ph

HazardHunterPH
https://hazardhunter.georisk.gov.ph/
Response & Early Recovery - Rehabilitation & Recovery - Post-calamity
Situation analysis
(COVID-19)
Image source: Covid 19
Heatmap screen capture
from endcov.up.edu.ph
Damage and losses

assessment
(Fisheries; TY PAENG)
Image source: DA DRRM
OpCen Unmanned Aerial System
Image source: DA DRRM OpCen

Response & Early Recovery - Rehabilitation & Recovery - Post-calamity
Ground deformation
Image source: Earthquake Deformation Mapping
Flood Situation Maps (TY AMBO)
caused by the Taal Volcano Eruption using InSAR (del Image source: DOST-ASTI
Mundo, 2020)

http://farmersguidemap.da.gov.ph/
…in Agriculture
National Color-Coded Agriculture Guide

Map - crop suitability maps using GIS Standing Crops
http://farmersguidemap.da.gov.ph/ Image source: DA DRRM Operations Center

…in Agriculture
Georeferencing of Farm Parcels - Monitoring of animal diseases and pest

Registry System for Basic Sectors in infestations
Agriculture (RSBSA) Image source: DA ATI CALABARZON
Image source: DA RSBSA NPMO
…in Housing
Image Source: NHA Web site Geographic Information System (GIS)

…in Housing
Comprehensive Maps Project Maps Landholding Maps
Lot Information System - Billing and

Occupancy Verification (OV) Commercial, Industrial, Institutional (CII)
Collection System (LIS-BCS) Map
Map
Image Source: NHA Web site Geographic Information System (GIS)
…in Transportation
Highway Management
Accident Analysis
Route Planning
…in Transportation
Road Safety Management
Traffic Monitoring and Modelling

Construction Management

…in Advocacy Work
Open and Green Spaces

…in Advocacy Work
Conservation
…in Advocacy Work
Refugee Migration
Summary
● GIS is a system of hardware, software, and
procedure.
● It answers the location, condition, different trends,
and patterns of a certain area.
● It is beneficial as it digitizes the analog method of
planning, specifically in generating different maps.
● There are different uses of GIS like in Land Use
Planning, Disaster Risk Reduction and Management,
Agriculture, Housing, Transportation, and even in
Advocacy Work.
Data-driven Tool for Cost-effective
Analysis Visualization Solutions
But why
learn GIS as planners?
Proactive Better decision
Accuracy
Solutions making
References
Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development. (2014). CLUP Guidebook Volume 3 Model Zoning
Ordinance.
Information Systems & Remote Sensing: Applications in Environmental Systems & Management.
International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences (IJMTS), 5(2), 11-18.
Jr., Cristino L. Tiburan. "Environmental Remote Sensing and Geo-Information Laboratory." Undated. Presentation.
Office of Civil Defense. (2020). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan.
Paul, P. K., Aithal, P. S., Bhuimali, A., Tiwary, K. S., Saavera, R., & Aremu, B. (2020). Geo
Ramos, R.V. "Lecture 10: GIS and Web Mapping." 2015. Presentation.
Unnamed. National Housing Authority Geographic Data Portal. Undated. Interactive Maps. 5 December 2022.
Unnamed. Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards . Undated. Interactive Map. 5 December 2022.
Thank you for
listening!
A presentation in Plan 203 D by:

Leonard Bryle Briones
James Capistrano
Mark Jetro Mortel
Ralph Chester Retamal
December 6, 2022
Image source:
https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/gis-concept-data-layers-for-infographic-vector-11951044

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