Chapter 3 Questions

Question 1 (4 marks)

Explain two ways that smoking contributes to burden of disease in Australia.

Tobacco smoke reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood, contributing to increased blood pressure and
heart rate. This increases the risk of cardiovascular disease; therefore, leading to increase YLL associated
with CVD.

Tobacco smoke can cause a fault in body cells as they divide, this can lead to a tumour and ultimately
cancer. Therefore, smoking can contribute to increased DALY.

Question 2 (3 marks)
High body mass index impacts health status and burden of disease significantly in Australia.
a. Explain body mass index (BMI) and outline how high BMI contributes to health status in
Australia.

if an individual has a high BMI they are more likely to experiences strain on the heart which leads to an
increase risk of hypertension, this can lead to CVD, Cardiovascular disease can be fatal, therefore it can
lower HALE in Australia.

Question 3 (2 marks)

According to the AIHW (2018), in 2014–15, 50% of adults and 32% of children ate insufficient serves of fibre.

a. Explain one way that low intake of fibre can impact burden of disease for adults in Australia.

Having low intake of fibre can increase the risk of abnormal cells developing, especially in the colon and
rectum, This can lead to bowel cancer which contributes to the YLL in Australia.

A person who does not get enough iron may develop anaemia a condition characterized by weakness and
tiredness. Increased YLD associated with anaemia.