Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica

Cultura Inglesa

Analysis of articles related to the topic "Fuga de cerebros en

México"

Maestro: Edgar Arroyo

Alumno:
Emiliano Hernández Escalona 1624812
Salón:6304 Grupo: 031 Hora: N2
Summary of the first article “Fuga de cerebros en México, alteran”.
Mexico contributes to world knowledge production by less than 1%. According
to statistics, 30% of Mexicans who graduate as a doctor for every million
inhabitants, is insufficient to achieve the human capital that is required in the
near future, said a report by the Center for Social Studies and Public Opinion
(CESOP).
Ranked as the 4th major brain exporter in the world in 2012, Mexico has
demonstrated that its rising middle class has a greater access to tertiary
education and a complex set of opportunities to develop skills and become
internationally competitive.  However, being ranked only behind Great Britain,
Philippines and India should not be a flattering commemoration for the country,
but a big warning sign calling for the urgent revision of a greater question: Why
are these Mexicans leaving?
In the first place, Mexico is facing a “qualified employment deficit”. While every
year the amount of young adults graduating from outstanding universities
grows, the country is not generating enough highly qualified, well-paid and
satisfactory jobs for this population.
Although recently appointed President Enrique Peña Nieto has launched a
project to reduce the “Mexican brain drain,” the 15% increase in the federal
budget designated to science and technology and the 70,395 million pesos
investment for this matter might not be enough to keep an important part of the
“highly qualified migration” in the country. Why? Mexicans feel they deserve
better.
For these Mexicans, the American Dream is just next-door and, unfortunately,
the Mexican State is failing to keep them from knocking on that door.  Out of the
73,000 Mexicans with a Doctorate in 2010, approximately 20,000 were residing
in the U.S., according to the U.S Current Population Survey. The “talent
magnet” right across the border has become the greatest destination for
Mexico’s brainpower, and promises to be so for the following decades.
More alarming for Mexico should be President Obama’s intentions to
significantly increase the number of student visas granted every year for the
fields of science and engineering. Such incentives stimulate the brain drain and
threaten the development of Mexico in a highly globalized and competitive
world.
Today, Mexico is trapped in a vicious cycle: The lack of opportunities and the
insecurity naturally expel prepared citizens, generating a brain drain that, at the
same time, restricts the country’s development and progress in every field,
making it unattractive for the more than 500,000 brilliant Mexicans to stay.
Mexico needs to understand the implications this brain drain will have in the
following years and address the problem with a comprehensive and structural
solution, as opposed to the short-term projects that have characterized the
country throughout history.
Summary of the second article: “México es el séptimo país con mayor
fuga de cerebros: OCDE; se van en busca de empleos mejor pagados”

Mexico ranks seventh among the countries with the highest brain drain
according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD) ranking. According to 2011 figures, of its 11.2 million migrants, 867,000
have undergraduate and postgraduate studies.

For many young people, studying a master's degree and a postgraduate degree
abroad is not only a good opportunity to acquire more knowledge, but also to
get a good job and well paid, something that can hardly be found in Mexico.
In the field of engineering, Mexico lags behind "five or ten years", compared to
other foreign universities. Alberto concludes: "If the country offered these two
aspects, the labor supply and the academic quality, I think there would not be
so much brain drain".

For Juan José Fernández, a young mechanical engineer who works for an
automotive company in Sao Paulo, Brazil, the flight of talent occurs in the area
of research in science and technology for lack of financial support.
To retain all this talent, Fernandez suggests that the country develop a much
more aggressive research program in national universities, both public and
private, and look for ways to finance these programs and reward Mexican
researchers with economic incentives so that Do your research in the country.
Alberto Ruis Vidales plans to study a master's degree in aerospace engineering
with a specialization in aerodynamics in the United States, and is convinced to
return and share his knowledge with the country. However, it recognizes that
there are limitations:

"Mexico is a country that is developing, we have a lot to offer and we are from
the countries with the most engineers. I think it is important to get the
knowledge and bring them to the country, however, it is often very difficult to
return, because the industry simply does not allow you to develop the
knowledge of the master's degree and really find a job in which you can apply
them, "says Rius Vidales , and adds: "I would like to go back and do something
for my country."
Summary of the last article: “La fuga de cerebros en México también es
una realidad”

That the world has become a whole in which borders can be crossed is a fact
that everyone knows. For better or for worse, this question is a reality. In the
positive point of view we have the increase in opportunities, work options and
knowledge. On the negative side, a phenomenon that, due to circumstances,
has forced many to seek the future outside their place of origin not by desire,
but by obligation.

"A Silicon Valley engineer charges 20 times more than one from Mexico"

Known as brain drain, this circumstance has affected a large part of the
countries of the world. In which the most prepared "flee" to find something
better. With the peculiar north-south tendency, in which the historical and
cultural implications come into play, thousands of young people have migrated
to other places. Mexico, because of its closeness and connection to the United
States, has a great workhorse to face.
The differences between these regions and their respective regions remain
immense, despite the improvements. In the case of Mexico, more than 13
million live in the United States. Of which, a large part are young and with
studies of a technological nature. And that is, comparisons are odious. The
salary of a Silicon Valley engineer is 20 times that of a professional in the same
position located in Mexico according to the Hired recruitment network, and 16
times higher according to the Mexican Institute of Competitiveness. And despite
the difference between the figures, the point is that there is still a chasm
between both ecosystems.

The differences between the cost of living, which can not be compared at all,
explain that variable. In addition to the presence in Silicon Valley of some of the
largest companies in the world, with more opportunities and possibilities. With
this panorama, it is difficult not to leave and also difficult to compete against
them.

VERY NICE BUT ALSO COMPLICATED

Every paradise has its ugly side and, of course, Silicon Valley is not exempt
from it. The standard of living is higher because salaries are higher, and vice
versa. The opportunities are many because there are hundreds of large
companies willing to fight for the best talent, and vice versa. But, and here
comes the bad part, the competition is also fierce. Half the world has its eyes on
the candy that is distributed in Silicon Valley and everyone wants to take their
share.

The contacts, the experience and the worth of each one are determining factors
when it comes to highlighting. But in the factor of education, those who come
from outside can do little. In a region fed by the best brains of the MIT, Harvard,
Yale or universities of the British league, for those who have studied in the best
universities of their country, but without international depth, the blip is even
bigger.
a) What would you do to stop our top researchers from leaving the
country?

To deal with this situation, I would propose the creation of consultative bodies
on science and technology and at the academic level for the Government. I also
consider the need to strengthen science training and English proficiency, better
reading comprehension and oral and written expression.

In turn, improve Vocational Training to ensure more quality and innovation, and
change the University at all levels, from study programs to government bodies.

Have the financial support so that people continue doing their research and in
turn pay a good amount for what they are doing.
Another way to stop it is to look for some foreign collaborations, but to carry out
their investigations here in the country.

b) What would you do if you had the opportunity to study or do an

intership abroad? Would you come back to Mexico? Why?

If I had the opportunity to study abroad obviously I would not waste the
opportunity because unfortunately I know that here in the country there are
certain limitations in new equipment or innovative things that have to do with
my career.

Maybe I would go back to Mexico but to do something important in my country,

simply because I want to do something new and honor my country.

Bibliografía:
https://www.elcinco.mx/viral/fuga-cerebros-en-mexico-es-una-realidad
https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulo/periodismo-de-datos/2015/07/7/
fuga-de-cerebros-crece-en-mexico-alertan