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SIMULADO AFA


Texto I

MORE DIAPERS, PLEASE

By George Wehrfritz
October was a trying month for the obstetrics team at Hong KongsPrince of Wales Hospital. On average, six women from mainland
Chinaentered its maternity ward every day, most just hours before giving birth asurge that pushed the monthly workload for doctors,
nurses and midwives tonearly double the wards capacity. Over the past two years so many mainlandwomen have flocked into the
territory to give birth in the citys public hospitalsthat Hong Kong maternity wards now resemble emergency rooms.Why are so many
coming? Some women seek to avail themselves ofHong Kongs superior medical care or dodge Chinas strict family-planningrules. But
the majority seek something they believe will give their newborns aleg up in life: Hong Kong citizenship. Its just like in the old days
when HongKong people would go to Canada or the U.S. to have their babies, quips onesenior servant. Only now were at the
receiving end.
The influx is a demographic blessing, of sorts. Hong Kong has one of theworlds lowest birthrates and faces a serious aging crisis, so
much so thatChief Executive Donald Tsang has called on young married couples to adopta three-child policy to boost the citys paltry
fertility rate. But many in HongKong worry that care for local women could be compromised in the rush.And the notion of tourists
plotting to gain passports for their unborn babiesstrikes a discordant note. Residents foresee large numbers of newcomersdemanding
free schooling and social services and low-cost medical care.
(Newsweek, J anuary 15, 2010.)

1- According to the text:

a) women from mainland China are swamping Hong Kong maternity wards.
b) chinese women give birth very easily.
c) Hong Kong intends to double its maternity wards capacity in order to provide prenatal care.
d) in mainland China there are not enough doctors, nurses and midwives, so Chinese women go to Hong Kong to give birth.


2- According to the text, most mothers seek to grant Hong Kong citizenship totheir newborns because having such citizenship:

a) entitles the kid to live in Canada or in the US.
b) is likely to give children an advantage in life.
c) grants a superior medical care.
d) allows women to give birth in good hospitals.


3- The sentence from the last paragraph The influx is a demographicblessing most probably means that Hong Kong:

a) is panicked over a demographic surge.
b) is having trouble with its high birth rate.
c) does not welcome mainlanders to live and have children in its territory.
d) could use a boost to its birthrate


4- The three-child policy mentioned in the text, most likely refers to:

a) a suggestion to mainlanders to have three children.
b) a policy intended to lower the birth rate in Hong Kong.
c) a plan aiming to oblige all families in Hong Kong to have three children.
d) a method of action intended to increase Hong Kongs low birth rate.

5- According to the text, Hong Kong residents:

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a) have shown concerns about social service strains.

b) worry about low birth rates and the aging crisis.
c) welcome mainlanders offering them free schooling and social services.
d) want politics to slow the mainlanders influx.

Texto II

POWER PAPER: ENERGY STORAGE BY THE SHEET

Could paper be the future of power in electronic gadgetry? Just asplastics unleashed a revolution in the manufacture of everyday
materials, anew power source composed of cellulose, carbon nanotubes and a dash ofliquid salts could revolutionize the energy behind
gadgets from iPhones topacemakers.
We have a paper battery, supercapacitor and hybrid device that couldbe used in a variety of energy storage applications, says
biological andchemical engineer Robert Linhardt of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (R.P.I),who helped lead the team that made the
discovery. These devices arelightweight and flexible and are primarily composed of cellulose paper anenvironmentally friendly and
biocompatible material.In addition to all the flexibility gained from creating this thin dry sheet of nanocomposite paper, the paper
battery can also be cut up or stacked andworks at a wide range of temperatures, from 100 degrees Fahrenheit to 350degrees F (without
bursting into flame). And, depending on how the paper ismade, it can function as a battery, a supercapacitor (an unusually
efficientenergy storage device that can deliver a quick burst of power) or both. Thenanotubes on which the cellulose is cast contact the
paper at the molecularlevel with an enormous surface area, allowing the device to efficiently storeand release power, Linhardt
says.The power paper could also absorb salty bodily fluids, such as sweat orblood, to function as a supercapacitor. The use of these
electrolytes basedon bodily fluids suggests the possibility of the device being useful as a drybody implant, Linhardt notes. We are
very interested in the possibility ofdisposable paper defibrillators as a potential medical application.If the power sheets can be rolled
off a printing press, as scientistshope, the future of energy storage may be in paper. We are realisticenough to recognize that the actual
scale up of a process can be fraughtwith unanticipated difficulties, Linhardt says. But we do not see any insurmountable challenges.
(Adapted from the article by David Biello.)


6- In synthesis, the article describes a:

a) gadget that uses up all the stored power in batteries.
b) process that can be riddled with unanticipated difficulties.
c) device that can be used as a dry body implant.
d) flexible, paper-thin power source derived from carbon nanotubes andcellulose.


7- The new discovery exhibits all of the following aspects but one, which isthat :

a) works at a wide temperature range.
b) is lightweight and flexible.
c) is a source of paper.
d) can be cut up or stacked.


8- The word actual in the last paragraph means:

a) current.
b) modern.
c) real.
d) present.


9- According to the text, the possibility of using this process on a large scale in the future seems:

a) intractable.
b) insurmountable.
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c) unlikely.
d) feasible.


10- All verbs are correct according to the sentences but one. Mark it.

a) The scientists have worked by repairing nanotubes recently.
b) They recommended to work with nanotubes last month.
c) Polytechnic Institutedislike working with nanotubes.
d) The chemical engineer kept doing the work with nanotubes.


Texto III

HALF THE NATION, A HUNDRED MILLIONCITIZENS STRONG

Source: www.economist.co.uk
Sep 11th, 2008 (Adapted)

1.It remains hard to define, and attempts to do so often seem arbitrary. Butin Brazil, the middle class describes those with a job in the
formal economy,access to credit and ownership of a car or motorbike. According to theFundaoGetlio Vargas (FGV), a research
institute, this means householdswith a monthly income ranging from 1,064 reais ($600) to 4,561 reais.Since 2002, according to FGV,
the proportion of the population that fits thisdescription has increased from 44% to 52%. Brazil, previously notorious forits extremes, is
now a middle-class country.
2.This social climbing is a feature mainly of the countrys cities, reversingtwo decades of stagnation that began at the start of the 1980s.
MarceloNeri of FGV suggests two factors behind the change. The first is education.The quality of teaching in Brazils schools may still
be poor, but those aged15-21 now spend on average just over three more years studying than theircounterparts did in the early 1990s.
3. The second is a migration of jobs from the informal black economy tothe formal economy. The rate of formal job creation is
accelerating, with 40%more created in the year to this J uly than in the previous 12 months, whichitself set a record. Together with cash
transfers to poor families, this helpsto explain why in contrast with economic and social development in Indiaor China as Brazils
middle class has grown, so the countrys incomeinequality has lessened.

11- According to paragraph 1, in Brazil:

a) 44% of the population has just entered the middle class.
b) the middle class aims to earn 4,561 reais per month.
c) a set of features defines its middle class.
d) access to credit has boosted by 52%.


12- The tense of the verb of the following sentence is It remains hard to define:

a) Simple Past.
b) Simple Present.
c) Present Perfect.
d) Past Perfect.

13- In the sentence Brazil, previously notorious for its extremes, is now a middle-class country., the bold typed pronoun refers to:

a) middle class.
b) country.
c) Brazil.
d) formal economy.
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14- According to paragraph 3, Brazils income inequality has lessened. Therefore, it has:

a) increased.
b) been eliminated.
c) remained unaltered.
d) decreased.


15- The negative form of the following sentence is counterparts did in the early 1990s.

a) counterparts didnt do in the early 1990s.
b) counterparts didnt did in the early 1990s.
c) counterparts hadnt done in the early 1990s.
d) counterparts didnt in the early 1990s.


16- In the sentence which itself set a record itself is a :

a) personal pronoun.
b) possessive pronoun.
c) possessive adjective pronoun.
d) reflexive pronoun.


17- The negative form of the following sentence is Brazils middle class hasgrown

a) Brazils middle class hasnt grown
b) Brazils middle class has grown not
c) Brazils middle class had not grown
d) Brazils middle class doesnt have grown


18- The tense of the verb of the following sentence is the rate of formal job creation is accelerating

a) Simple Past.
b) Present Continuous.
c) Present Perfect.
d) Past Perfect.


19- The interrogative form of the following sentence this helps to explain

a) does this helps to explain
b) this does help to explain
c) this is helping to explain
d) Does this help to explain


20- Complete the sentence with the correct verb tense:
I_______________________ hard before you visited me.

a) had being working.
b) had worked.
c) had.
d) has worked.

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GABARITO:
1. A
2. B
3. D
4. D
5. A
6. D
7. C
8. C
9. D
10. B
11. C
12. B
13. C
14. D
15. A
16. D
17. A
18. B
19. D
20. B