Math 2 Chapter 5 Summary

Quadratic Functions
SOLVE a Quadratic Equation
using the Zero Product Property
5.1.4-See Notes Page 275
Parent Resource: Chapter 5.1.1. - 5.1.4
Sample Problems
Zero Product Property
Examples
When the product of two or more 1. Solve using zero product property.
factors is zero, one
of those factors
must be zero. (2x 3)(x + 5) = 0

I fa b = 0, then a = 0 or b = 0. 2-30 -

This property helps you solve quadratic equations

when the equation can be written as a
product of factors. 2. Factor and use the Zero Product Property to solve
the following equation.
0 2 + 12
Solve. X - x - 20 = 0

x-5)(x + 4) = 0
x - 5= 0 +4 = 0
X=5 x =-4
Be sure to check your solutions.

Standard Form of a Quadratic Function

y = ax+ bx + c
Parabola:
the U-shaped graph of a quadratic funcli:; jt can open upward or downward; it's symmetrical;
has no endpoints
When written in standard form (see above) the coefficient "'a" determines the direction the
parabola opens (if'a" is positive then it opens upward; if "'a" is nepgative then it opens downward)
"Cis the y-intercept!

Line of Symmetry: the line that divides a parabola into two equal halves
Vertex of a parabola: it's the highest point (maximum point) or the lowest point (minimum point) on
the paraboa. The vertex is halfway between the x-intercepts and is on the line of symmetry.

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 Graphing a Quadratic Function given an equation.
Parent Resource: Chapter 5.1.1, -5.1.4 Sample Problems

y =x+
6x + 8 Example:
Graph: Determine the x- and y-intercepts and the vertey n
x
Findthey-intercept: the graph of the following quadratic function and
in standard form the then sketch the graph.
When the quadratic equation is written
constant "c"
y-1ntercept is the
+ 5x 6
y 6
So the y-intercept is (0, 8).
1. y =x

Findthe x-intercept(s: -

Substitute y=0. 0=x+6x+8

Factor* the quadratic equation. 0 x + 4)(x + 2)

Set each factor equal to 0. x+4 = 0 x+ 2 =0

Now solve to find the x =-4 x =-
2
the x-intercepts.
X-I-0
So your -intercepts are: (-4, 0) and (- 2, 0)

Y
Find thevertex:
4t(-2) Inalpy
Add the two x-intercepts X
and divide by 2. -2.
X-value of the vertex= - 3

.2
Find the y-value of the vertex y = (-3)+6(- 3) +8
by substituting the x-value
of the vertex into the original y =- 1
quadratic equation.

So, your vertex is: 3, 1)

Determine the direetion the parabola opens: 10

The coefficient of ax is If a is
positive, the parabola
a.

opens upward a =
1 so the parabola opens upward
Graph the parabola
using the above coordinates.

-10
10

*Can't/difficult to factor then use the quadratic formula to find the -10
X-intercepts.
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 graph or table.
Write a Quadratic Equation from a

a(x d(x=
Factored Form of a Quadratic Function: y=
5-43
Sample Problems: CL 5-140, 5-55,

Write an equation given a graph. Examples:

Use the graph to identify the values of d and f(x-intercepts): the following graph.
d =- 4 and f = - 2
1. Write an equation given

Substitute into thefactored form of the

equation shown above.

y = a(x --4))x --2))

y = alx + 4)x + 2) -10-A

So.. y = a(x + 6x + 8)

Eind the value of a:

Substitute a third point (y-intercept or any given point except the
y:a Crr9 C
x-intercepts!) into the equation.
8) so... x 0 and y =-
8
y-intercept: (0, - =

8 a((0)+ 6(0) + 8
y a 9xt3)
-

8 =
a(8)
Write the equation:
y=-1(x +6x + 8) 0-1
y=-x- 6x -8
Chde peint C
Write an equation given a table.

a(94,C
2. Write an equation gíven the following table.
Use the table to identily the values of d andf (x-intercepts) 23 4
d - 3 and f

Substitute into the factored form of the quadratic equation:

= 2 10 12 12
10 0
y= a(x--3))(x -2)
y = a(x t 3)(x - 2)

So. y = a(r + x - 6)

Eindthe valueofa:
Substitute a third point (y-intercept or any given point except the
x-intercepts!) into the equation

y-intercept: (0,-12) so... x= O and y =-

12

-
12 -
a((0)+ (0) -

6)
a = 2
Substitutea = 2 back into the equation:

y =2 +x-6)
y=2x+2x-12
31 Page
 Solve a Quadratic Equation by Completing the Square
5.2.2-See Notes Page 295
- P)=a
Parent Resource: Chapter 5.2.1. -5.2.3 Sample Problems

Solve by completing he sguare

Examples:
r+ ox +l =0 Solve the quadratic equations by completing
the square
Step1 Rewrite the equatíon vyith constant term moved to the
opposite side, Divíde the r-term equally to start the square, 1. x +2x - 3 = 0

3x
x+6x+ -1+
3x I-2

Step 2 Vactor the Area Model you created above to determine

ho pumbero complete the squar, Add this to both sides of the

equation Algebraically:
( 2.+8x = 5
13 3x 9
+6x +9=-1 +9 YLUNOC)
3x
3

top 3: nctor the lefl side of he equation (x+ 3)-8

The factoIs NG the dimensions
of the Areu Model abovel
(temember the xtermis
what is in the parenthese)
3. x 10x + 12 =6

Step 4: Tke the square root

of both aidos, (Remomber that
the square ioot of he conitant
number dan boih be poilive or negulive.)

Step 5 Solve for the two x values x+3t V8

3 t V8
Ixatsolutionsare - 3 + 22 or x3 2/2

The decimal approximations are (-0.17, 5.83)

41 Page
 Solve a Quadratic Equation by using the Quadratic Formula
5.2.4-5.2.5-See Notes Page 301
Parent Resource: Chapter 5.2.1. 5.2.5 Sample Problems
-

Ave by using the Quadratic Formula

Examples:
Solve the quadratic equations by using the quadratic
x12x - 28 0
formula.
Step 1: Rewrite equation in standard form.
Step 2: Write the quadratic formula. 1. 7x = 10 2x

-btyb-4ac
2a
Step 3: Identify a, b, and c. Watch your signs!
a = 1 b = - 12 c =- 28 -CDE (D
Step 4: Write the skeleton. 2C
Y7 80
_X -)tV)-4 ))
2
y +7U2T X7y19
Step5: Substitute a, b and c into the formula.

G12) +V G12)- 4(D28) - 6x x+6 = 0

X=

2 D o0)
Step 6: Simplify. 12 + 256
2
x= 21 =(14) x=1-162) 2

The solutions to the equation are:

14
x =-2 or x =

The x-intercepts of the graph are:

2 , 0) and (14, 0) Y
The zeros ofthefunction are: {- 2, 14)

S1 Page
 Simplifying Square Roots
See Notes Page 284
A square root is simplified when there are no more
pertect square factors (square numbers such as 4, 25, and 81)
the radical sign. Here are some examples of this method. unend
Example 1: Simplify 45
V45
First rewrite 45 in an equivalent factored form so that one of the factors is perfect square.
a
=V9 5
Simplify the square root of the perfect square. = 9 V5
Verify with your calculator that both 3/5 and V45 6.71
= 3/5
When you take the square root of an integer that is not a perfect
square, the result is a decimal that never repeats itself
and never ends. This is an irrational number. Generally, when a decimal
approximation of an irrational square root is
desired, you will use a calculator. However, for an exact answer, called exact form or radical
form, you must write the
number using the symbol. When you simplify the radical, it is called
simplified
radical form.
So in the example above,

iS in exact form, 3/5 is in simplified radical form, 6.71 is a decimal approximation

Examples:
Simplify the radicals below. Write the answer in simplified radical form AND decimal approximation to the hundredth
place.

1. 252 2. 72 3. V80
734 Y3G2
G7r.:7
V16.

Standard Form:
Factored Form:
o
(
Perfect Square Form:9-x

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