VTAMPS 11.

0 (Secondary 3)
Session 1

1. On a certain test, the average score for the women in the class is 80 while the average
score of the men is 75. If the average score of all the students is 78, determine the
percentage of women in the class.
A. 55%
B. 60%
C. 65%
D. 70%
E. 75%
2. An even integer between 400 and 600 is divisible by both 7 and 9. Determine the sum of
its digits.
A. 9
B. 15
C. 17
D. 21
E. 24
3. If 8−𝑥 = 27, determine the value of 162𝑥+1 .
1
A. 104976
16
B. 6561
256
C. 27
D. 1
E. 8503056
5. The squares of two consecutive even numbers differ by 300. Determine the sum of the
two even numbers.
A. 88
B. 97
C. 126
D. 150
E. 176
7𝑛+3
6. Determine the number of integers 𝑛 such that 3𝑛+2 is an integer.

A. −∞ < 𝑛 < ∞
B. 0
C. 1
D. 2
E. 4
7. Now is December. Which month will it be 55540 months later?
A. January
B. March
C. May
D. July
E. September
8. What is the measure of the smaller angle formed by the hands of an analog clock at
11: 26 𝑎𝑚?
A. 165°
B. 173°
C. 183°
D. 187°
E. 195°
256
9. Suppose a sphere of volume 𝜋 circumscribes a cube. Determine the area of the cube.
3

A. 64
B. 96
C. 128
D. 256
E. 384
10. Determine the value of integer 𝑥 such that (𝑥 − 4𝑦)2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 = 0
A. 4
B. 8
C. 12
D. 16
E. 32
11. There are 𝑛 people in a room. Each person in the room has shook the hand of every
other person exactly once. If a total of 210 handshakes were made, how many people are
there in the room?
12. Bob and Carl and do a job in 12 days, Anne and Bob can do the same in 6 days, while
Anne and Carl can do it in 10 days. How many days will it take for them to finish the project
working together if Carl only works for the first two days?
13. The average of some numbers is 100. After adding 6 numbers
135, 226, 353, 522, 739, 1010, the average increased to 105. Determine the number of
numbers initially.
3(√10+√2)
14. Express as a simplified fraction with integer parts.
7√3+√5

15. Adam goes southwest for 30√2𝑘𝑚 , goes west for 16𝑘𝑚, goes east for 24𝑘𝑚, and goes
northeast for 20√2𝑘𝑚. How far is he from his original position?
16. Given 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 7, 𝑥 4 − 𝑦 4 = 75, determine the value of 𝑥 − 𝑦.
17. Determine the interior angle of a regular polygon that has 1484 diagonals.

18. A rectangle has a perimeter of 20 and a diagonal of √65. Determine its area.
19. Find the interior angle (in radians) of a regular undecagon.
20. A rectangle has sides sin 𝑥 and cos 𝑥 for −270° < 𝑥 < −360°. Determine the largest
possible area of this rectangle.
21. Two fair dice are tossed, what is the probability that the sum is divisible by 4?
22. Determine the number of positive integers less than or equal to 2023 that are divisible
by either 17 or 12.
23. Two integers exist such that 𝑎2 𝑏 = 216. Determine the number of solution sets for
𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏.
24. The 17th term of the Fibonacci sequence is 1597, while the 15th term is 610. Determine
the sum of the first 17 terms of the sequence.
25. Factor completely the polynomial 𝑥 4 + 8𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 62𝑥 + 56.
 Solutions
1. On a certain test, the average score for the women in the class is 80 while the average
score of the men is 75. If the average score of all the students is 78, determine the
percentage of women in the class.
A. 55%
B. 60%
C. 65%
D. 70%
E. 75%
Answer: B
Solution:
Note than 100% = 1.00. Now, let 𝑎 be the percentage of men, and 𝑏 be the percentage of
women. Now,
80𝑏 + 75𝑎 = 78
𝑎+𝑏 =1
By Gaussian elimination, we have
5𝑏 = 3
𝑏 = 0.6 𝑜𝑟 60%
2. An even integer between 400 and 600 is divisible by both 7 and 9. Determine the sum of
its digits.
A. 9
B. 15
C. 17
D. 21
E. 24
Answer: A
Solution:
A number divisible by both 7 and 9 should also be divisible by the LCM of 7 and 9, hence
our number should be divisible by 63.
The numbers within the range that are divisible by 63 are:
441, 504, 567
Of which, only 504 is even. Hence the sum of the digits should be
5+0+4=9
Side note:
A good thought of analysis is considering that since our number is divisible by 9, then by
the divisibility rules, the sum of its digits should be divisible by 9. Hence only A applies.
3. If 8−𝑥 = 27, determine the value of 162𝑥+1 .
1
A. 104976
16
B. 6561
256
C. 27

D. 1
E. 8503056
Answer: B
Solution:
Note that
1
8−𝑥 =
8𝑥
Hence
1
8𝑥 =
27
1
23𝑥 =
27
1
2𝑥 =
3
Now,
162𝑥+1
162𝑥 × 16
28𝑥 × 16
(2𝑥 )8 × 16
By substitution,

1 8
( ) × 16
3
 16
=
6561
𝐴3 +𝐵3
4. Suppose 𝐴∅𝐵 = . For how many real values 𝑥 does 𝑥∅1 = 0?
𝐴+𝐵

A. Cannot be determined.
B. Infinite
C. 0
D. 2
E. 3
Answer: C
Solution:
Note that
𝐴3 + 𝐵 3 = (𝐴 + 𝐵)(𝐴2 − 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵 2 )
Hence
𝐴3 + 𝐵 3
= (𝐴2 − 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵 2 ), 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴 ≠ 𝐵
𝐴+𝐵
For 𝐵 = 1, 𝐴 = 𝑥
𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 1 = 0
Solving this quadratic, we have

1 𝑖√3
𝑥= +
2 2
1 𝑖√3
𝑥= −
2 2
Both of which are not real values. Hence no real value 𝑥 satisfies the conditions.
5. The squares of two consecutive even numbers differ by 300. Determine the sum of the
two even numbers.
A. 88
B. 97
C. 126
D. 150
E. 176
Answer: D
Solution:
Let the two consecutives be 𝑎 and 𝑎 − 2.
𝑎2 − (𝑎 − 2)2 = 300
𝑎2 − 𝑎2 + 4𝑎 + 4 = 304
4𝑎 = 304
𝑎 = 76, 𝑎 − 2 = 74

7𝑛+3
6. Determine the number of integers 𝑛 such that 3𝑛+2 is an integer.

A. −∞ < 𝑛 < ∞
B. 0
C. 1
D. 2
E. 4
Answer: D
Solution:
7𝑛 + 3 𝑛−1
=2+
3𝑛 + 2 3𝑛 + 2
𝑛−1 𝑎
2 is already an integer, 3𝑛+2 should be an integer. We know that a value 𝑏 where 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 are
integers, exists as an integer, if |𝑎| ≥ |𝑏|, 𝑎 = 0, 𝑏 = ±1
|𝑛 − 1| ≥ |3𝑛 + 2|
From this, we can deduce that the only values that satisfy are some values of −1 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 1.
Looking at each of the three integers, we have 𝑛 = −1, 𝑛 = 1 as solutions.

7. Now is December. Which month will it be 55540 months later?

A. January
B. March
C. May
D. July
E. September
Answer: A
Solution:
There are 12 months in a year. Let 𝑛 be the resulting month’s distance from December
𝑛 = 55540 𝑚𝑜𝑑 12
Note that 55 ÷ 12 has a remainder of 7, hence 55 𝑚𝑜𝑑 12 = 7 𝑚𝑜𝑑 12
𝑛 = 7540 𝑚𝑜𝑑 12
By laws of exponents, 7540 = 49270
𝑛 = 49270 𝑚𝑜𝑑 12
Note that 49 ÷ 12 has a remainder of 1, hence 49 𝑚𝑜𝑑 12 = 1 𝑚𝑜𝑑 12
𝑛 = 1270 𝑚𝑜𝑑 12
𝑛 = 1 𝑚𝑜𝑑 12
Hence it is 1 month from December.

8. What is the measure of the smaller angle formed by the hands of an analog clock at
11: 26 𝑎𝑚?
A. 165°
B. 173°
C. 183°
D. 187°
E. 195°
Answer: B
Solution:
The hour hands move at 0,5 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 per minute, while the minute hand moves at
6 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 per minute.
The time starts at the 11th hour, hence.
11 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
360° × + 0.5° × 26 − 6° × 26 = 187°
12 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
But this angle is not acute, hence we find its exemplary angle, hence 360° − 187° = 173°

256
9. Suppose a sphere of volume 𝜋 circumscribes a cube. Determine the area of the cube.
3

A. 64
B. 96
C. 128
D. 256
E. 384
Answer: E
Solution:

Note that the volume of a sphere as a function of radius is

4
𝑓(𝑟) = 𝑉𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 = 𝜋𝑟 3
3
Hence
256 4
𝜋 = 𝜋𝑟 3
3 3
𝑟=4
Note that for an circumscribed circle, the diameter should correspond to the side length of
the square
Hence
𝑠 = 𝑑 = 2𝑟 = 2(4) = 8
The cube should thus have a surface area of
𝐴𝑠 = 6𝑠 2 = 6(8)2 = 384

10. Determine the value of integer 𝑥 such that (𝑥 − 4𝑦)2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 = 0

A. 4
B. 8
C. 12
D. 16
E. 32
Answer: D
Solution:
Note that (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 is always non-negative for any real 𝑎, 𝑏. Hence, we can conclude that:
(𝑦 − 4)2 = 0, (𝑥 − 4𝑦)2 = 0
Now
(𝑦 − 4)2 = 0
𝑦=4
Hence
(𝑥 − 4𝑦)2 = 0
(𝑥 − (4)(4))2 = 0
𝑥 = 16

11. There are 𝑛 people in a room. Each person in the room has shook the hand of every
other person exactly once. If a total of 210 handshakes were made, how many people are
there in the room?
Answer: 21
Solution:
2 people form a handshake, hence:
𝑛𝐶2 = 210
𝑛!
Note that 𝑛𝐶𝑟 = (𝑛−𝑟)!𝑟!

(𝑛)(𝑛 − 1)
= 210
2
𝑛2 − 𝑛 − 420 = 0
𝑛 = 21, 𝑛 = −20

12. Bob and Carl and do a job in 12 days, Anne and Bob can do the same in 6 days, while
Anne and Carl can do it in 10 days. How many days will it take for them to finish the project
working together if Carl only works for the first two days?
59
Answer: 10

Solution:
Taking their individual rates,
1 1 1
+ =
𝐵 𝐶 12
1 1 1
+ =
𝐴 𝐵 6
1 1 1
+ =
𝐴 𝐶 10
Summing them all together,
2 2 2 14
+ + =
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 40
1 1 1 7
+ + =
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 40
Subtracting from the second equation gives us:
1 1
=
𝐶 120
Hence it would take Carl 120 days to do the task alone. If he only works the first two days,
1 59
then he would finish only 60 of the work, leaving the other two to finish 60.

We know that:
1 1 1
+ =
𝐴 𝐵 6
59
For them to finish the remaining 60 we have

1 60 10
× =
6 59 59
59
Hence, days are needed in total.
10

13. The average of some numbers is 100. After adding 6 numbers

135, 226, 353, 522, 739, 1010, the average increased to 105. Determine the number of
numbers initially.
Answer: 471
Solution:
135, +226, +353, +522, +739, +1010 = 2985
𝑠𝑢𝑚
Note that 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝑛
𝑠
= 100, 𝑠 = 100𝑛
𝑛
 𝑠 + 2985
= 105, 𝑠 = 105𝑛 − 2355
𝑛+6
Equating both 𝑠,
100𝑛 = 105𝑛 − 2355
𝑛 = 471

3(√10+√2)
14. Express as a simplified fraction with integer parts.
7√3+√5

6
Answer:
7

Solution:
𝑎 (√10+√2)
Let 𝑏 =
√3+√5

Squaring,

𝑎2 12 + 4√5
=
𝑏2 3 + √5
𝑎2 (3 + √5)
2
=4
𝑏 3 + √5
𝑎2
=4
𝑏2
Reverting back,
𝑎
=2
𝑏
Hence

3(√10 + √2) 3 6
= ×2 =
7√3 + √5 7 7

15. Adam goes southwest for 30√2𝑘𝑚 , goes west for 16𝑘𝑚, goes east for 24𝑘𝑚, and goes
northeast for 20√2𝑘𝑚. How far is he from his original position?

Answer: 2√26
Solution:
Converting each into vectors gives us:

30√2 𝑆𝑊 = (−30, −30)

16 𝑊 = (−16,0)
 24 𝐸 = (24, 0)

20√2 𝑁𝐸 = (20, 20)

Total displacement (distance) is:

𝑑 = √(∆𝑥)2 + (∆𝑦)2

𝑑 = √(−30 − 16 + 24 + 20)2 + (−30 + 0 + 0 + 20)2

𝑑 = √22 + 102

𝑑 = 2√26

16. Given 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 7, 𝑥 4 − 𝑦 4 = 75, determine the value of 𝑥 − 𝑦.

Answer: 75/28
Solution:
By difference of two squares,
𝑥 4 − 𝑦 4 = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )
𝑥 4 − 𝑦 4 = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦)
Substituting,
75 = 7 × 4 × (𝑥 − 𝑦)
75
𝑥−𝑦 =
28

17. Determine the interior angle of a regular polygon that has 1484 diagonals.
1215
Answer: 7

Solution:
The number of diagonals 𝑑 given 𝑛 sides can be expressed as
𝑛(𝑛 − 3)
𝑑=
2
Hence we have
𝑛(𝑛 − 3)
1484 =
2
𝑛2 − 3𝑛 − 2968 = 0
𝑛 = 56, 𝑛 = −53
The interior angle should be
360° 1215
180° − = °
56 7

18. A rectangle has a perimeter of 20 and a diagonal of √65. Determine its area.
35
Answer: 2

Solution:
Given sides 𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤.
2𝑙 + 2𝑤 = 20; 𝑙 + 𝑤 = 10
𝑙 2 + 𝑤 2 = 65
Squaring the first equation,
𝑙 2 + 2𝑙𝑤 + 𝑤 2 = 100
Subtracting the second,
2𝑙𝑤 = 35
35
𝑙𝑤 =
2
19. Find the interior angle (in radians) of a regular undecagon.
9
Answer: 11 𝜋

Solution:
360°
180° −
𝑛
Note that 180° = 𝜋
2𝜋
𝜋−
𝑛
𝑛−2
𝜋
𝑛
For 𝑛 = 11,
9
= 𝜋
11

20. A rectangle has sides sin 𝑥 and cos 𝑥 for −270° < 𝑥 < −360°. Determine the largest
possible area of this rectangle.
 1
Answer: 2

Solution:
−270° < 𝑥 < −360 => 0 < 𝑥 < 2𝜋
Which holds since such range gives positive values for both functions. To minimize, we take
the FOD and equate to zero,
𝑑
(sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥) = cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥
Hence
cos 𝑥 = sin 𝑥
𝜋
Following the condition aforementioned, this case applies only for 45° 𝑜𝑟 4 . Hence the area
is

√2 √2 1
sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = sin(45) cos(45) = ( ) ( ) =
2 2 2

Side note:
For future reference, the products of sine x and cosine x are maximum at 45° and at
minimum at 225°. The sums are at maximum at either of 0° 𝑜𝑟 90° and at minimum at
180° 𝑜𝑟 270°.

21. Two fair dice are tossed, what is the probability that the sum is divisible by 4?
Answer: 1/4
Solution:
There are 62 = 36 different permutations in total. The number of acceptable sums within
the set is:
(3,1), (2,2), (1,3)
(2,6), (3,5), (4,4), (5,3), (6,2)
(6,6)
Hence
9 1
=
36 4

22. Determine the number of positive integers less than or equal to 2023 that are divisible
by either 17 or 12.
Answer: 278
Solution:
2023
Number of digits within the range divisible by 17 is ⌊ ⌋=119
17

2023
Number of digits within the range divisible by 12 is ⌊ ⌋=168
12

2023
Number of digits within the range divisible by 17 and 12 is ⌊𝐿𝐶𝑀 𝑜𝑓 17 𝑎𝑛𝑑 12⌋= 9.

By the laws of Set Theory, we have

𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = 𝐴 + 𝐵 − (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
Hence, we have:
𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = 119 + 168 − 9 = 278
Side note:
𝑎
The floor function ⌊𝑏⌋ for a is the maximum and b is the divisor applies only if the range of
values is from 1 𝑡𝑜 𝑎. If the range of values does not start with 1, please refer to this
𝑚+𝑛
+1
𝑏
Where:
- 𝑚 is the largest value in the set that is divisible by 𝑏
- 𝑛 is the smallest value in the set that is divisible by 𝑏
Also, for three values instead of two, this identity applies:
(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = 𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶 − (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) − (𝐴 ∪ 𝐶) − (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) + (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)

23. Two integers exist such that 𝑎2 𝑏 = 216. Determine the number of solution sets for
𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏.
Answer: 8
Solution:
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒 3 𝑡𝑤𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 216
𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑏𝑒 𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 1,2,3, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2 × 3
4 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑠 × 2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 8

24. The 17th term of the Fibonacci sequence is 1597, while the 15th term is 610. Determine
the sum of the first 17 terms of the sequence.
Answer: 4180
Solution:
𝑛

∑ 𝑓𝑛 = 𝑓𝑛+2 + 1
1

𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 17 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 (17 + 2)𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 − 1
𝑇ℎ𝑒 19𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑖𝑠 4181
4181 − 1 = 4180

25. Factor completely the polynomial 𝑥 4 + 8𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 62𝑥 + 56.

Answer: (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 7)
Solution:
By Descartes rule of signs, we know that there are 2 positive and 2 negative roots.
By Vieta’s theorem, we know that the sum of these factor constants is 8, and product is 56.
From this, we can get a set of numbers.
(−2, −1, +4, +7) that satisfies Descartes and Vieta.
Hence our factors are:
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 7)
Side note:
This may pose to be counterproductive for some. If it comes as such, please refer to
alternatives:
- Long division
- Synthetic division
- Higher power factoring