Problem 11.7 Waveform in Fig. P11.7 with A = 4.

f(t)

−8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8
t (s)

−A

Figure P11.7: Waveform for Problem 11.7.

Solution:
(a) Even symmetry
(b) T = 6 s
2π π
ω0 = = rad/s
T 3


 0 −3 ≤ t ≤ −2

−4(t + 2) −2 ≤ t ≤ −1





4t −1 ≤ t ≤ 0
f (t) =

 −4t 0≤t ≤1

4(t − 2) 1≤t ≤2




0 2≤t ≤3

%& −1 & 0 & 1 & 2 '
1
a0 = −4(t + 2) dt + 4t dt − 4t dt + 4(t − 2) dt
6 −2 −1 0 1
( ) *+−1 *+2 ,
t2
) 2
1 0 1 t
+ 2t ++ + 2t 2 +−1 − 2t 2 +0 + 4
+ + + +
= −4 − 2t ++
6 2 −2 2 1

4
=−
3
−1 & 0
%&
1 - nπ . - nπ .
an = −4(t + 2) cos t dt + 4t cos t dt
3 −2 3 −1 3
& 1 - nπ . & 2 - nπ . '
− 4t cos t dt + 4(t − 2) cos t dt
0 3 1 3
 1 2 +−1 & 1 nπ 2 ++0
sin n3π t ++ −1 sin nπ t
1 2
1 3 sin 3 t +
= −4(t + 2) + + 4 dt + 4t
3 (nπ /3) + (n π /3) (n π /3)
+
−2 +
−2 −1
1 2 +1 &
sin n3π t sin n3π t ++ 1 sin nπ t
& 0 1 2 1 2
3
− 4 dt − 4t + + 4 dt
−1 (nπ /3) (nπ /3) + 0 (nπ /3)
0
1 2 +2 & 1 2 
sin n3π t ++ 2 sin nπ t
3
+ 4(t − 2) + − 4 dt 
(nπ /3) + 1 (nπ /3)
1
% ) *'
24 - nπ . 2nπ
= 2 2 1 − 2 cos + cos
n π 3 3

All rights reserved. Do not reproduce or distribute. ©2009 National Technology and Science Press
 bn = 0 (even symmetry)
∞ ! $ %&
4 24 " nπ # 2nπ " πn #
f (t) = − + ∑ 2 2 1 − 2 cos + cos cos t
3 n=1 n π 3 3 3

(c)
( $ %(
24 (( " nπ # 2π n ((
'
+
An = a2n + b2n = 2 2 (1 − 2 cos + cos
n π 3 3 (
)
0 for an > 0
φn =
180◦ for an < 0

1.2159
1.0808
1 0.9119
An

0.5
0.228
0.0486
0 rad/s
0 2 4 6 8 10
φn
200

100
0o 0o 0o
0

−100
−180o −180o
−200 rad/s
0 2 4 6 8 10

(d)
f(t)
4
nmax = 100
2

−2

−4 t (s)
−5 0 5

All rights reserved. Do not reproduce or distribute. ©2009 National Technology and Science Press