BDZZQlJI2#

RATIONALE:
Creatinine is formed and excreted at a constant rate and is the ideal
substance for measuring renal clearance. Incorrect answers: BUN
reflects the balance between production and excretion of urea; Bence-
Jones proteins are positive for multiple myeloma; urine cytology
detects urinary inflammatory diseases.

* REMEMBER :
•
CREATININE
from the normal wear
→ waste product
and fearof the muscles
→ removed from tire
body
xia the
kidney
the urine
through
→ CREATININE TESTS are used to
evaluate tie function of te
kidney
→ WITH KIDNEY PROBLEM :

•
SERUM CREATININE IS INCREASED

[
3 blood
•
CREATININE
↳
CLEARANCE
urine
lSDECRlED-
 KEY WORDS
basta average
blood for
-
31401417T€

RATIONALE:
Hemoglobin A1C absorbs glucose and holds it for the lifespan of the red
blood cell (up to 120 days).

* Ito rin
ang sagot if tinatanong Kayo
it test
-
niyo gara
Kong
ano
ang
malamaw status/ compliance
ang

ng patient sa d-ibe-ey.ae
diabetes
pre
-

normal diabetes
range
?⃝
?⃝
?⃝
RATIONALE:
A chest X-ray is the most accurate method.

Choices A and B — both of these methods are less reliable options

Choice D — this option is not acceptable practice.

,, ,, ,,, ,

ito mga bent

from among the choices
•
✗ -

ray lang
ang magpapakita ng
Ital position ng tube
 RATIONALE:
There
. is a narrow margin of safety between therapeutic drug effect and
drug toxicity with digoxin. Digoxin toxicity is common if not monitored well.

* Favorite PHTE drug ang

P I GO ✗ I N

#YADAPAtARA
!
Read

=
* Highlighted in
green
are favorite board
exam
question/ answers

taken from TOPNOTCH

RATIONALE: ①
②
The renal ultrasound is done before any studies involving barium. Barium
interfere with ultrasound. Then the lower GI series is done so that barium
from the③upper GI series does not obscure the lower GI images.
sense its bhie !
* common na
mga
 RATIONALE:
If there is no air leak, the water level in the water seal chamber will
oscillate with the client’s respirations.

Choice A — pockets of air represent subcutaneous emphysema, the

physician should be notified if it increases

Choice B — bubbling in the water seal chamber indicates the presence of

an air leak;

Choice C — increased drainage suggests new or increased bleeding and

needs to be reported.

REMEMBE
*

IHTEFMITTEHT-norm.cn/-
•

OSCILLATION
• CONTINUOUS → AIR LEAK
BABBLING
repo
 ?
why
← E kasiIH✗ASNE-
RATIONALE:
Liver biopsy is contraindicated in clients with bleeding disorders due to the
risk of bleeding from the biopsy site.

Choices A, C, and D — the client with a bleeding disorder can safely

undergo an intravenous pyelogram, renal scan, or CT scan of the brain
since, other than a venipuncture for administration of contrast dye or
radioisotope, they are noninvasive.
-

about
Other favorite questions bleeding :

① HYER ← dito synthesis ng LAHIJ ng

any
clotting factors except ON WILLEBRAND ✗

FACTOR

② How to monitor HEPARIN

USE ?→apTTg
[ACTIVATED PARTIAL
THROMBOPLASTIN TIME]

③ How to monitor WARFARIN

USE
? → PT
[PROTHROMBIN THE)

④ ANTIDOTE for ⑤ ANTIDOTE FOR

HEPARIN ? WARFARIN ?
→ PROTAMINE SULFATE
§ Vitamin K / Fresh Frozen
Plasma
RATIONALE:
7.
An ultrasound of the gallbladder involves only sound waves, not radiation.

Choices A, B, and C — CT scans and X-rays involve exposure of the

fetus to radiation.
RATIONALE:
Low potassium levels (hypokalemia) cause confusion, anorexia, muscle
weakness, paresthesias, hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias, and
decreased reflexes.

* REMEMBER

* Hypokalemia
6⑥l• normal valve ?

B- ethargy 3-5-50
mmol / L
A- eg cramps
B- imp muscles

D- ◦w/shallow respiration
A-etnal cardiac abnormalities

Lots of urine
 ?
RATIONALE:
Choice C enumerates indicators of possible complications and need to
be reported immediately.

Choice A — the client should empty her bladder prior to the procedure to
avoid accidental puncture during the amniocentesis

Choice B — there are numerous possible complications of the

procedure, including hemorrhage, infection, premature labor, and
spontaneous abortion

Choice D—the procedure involves transabdominal needle aspiration of

amniotic fluid.
 T

your
gym
g.
last
BATCH
,
)
night
' "" ° TEH