Abia State University, Uturu (ABSU)

Health Sciences

Optometry

OD Optometry

ABSU-OPT 564 Visual Analysis II (3 Units; Compulsory: L = 15; P = 45)

Senate-approved Relevance

Training of graduates who are at home with evidence-based practice in vision care as seen in international
universities as typified in this course is in agreement with ABSU’s mission to produce disciplined
graduates with entrepreneurial and competitive abilities and contributing effectively to research and
development in the modern world. To engage in high level manpower development, research and
community service, leading to the production of high quality graduates for globalised economy and
extension of the frontiers of knowledge based upon discipline, integrity and social responsibility.

Overview

The goal of any health care practitioner albeit eye care provider is to solve the health/vision problem of
the patient. The course Visual Analysis II provides students with the requisite clinical background to
diagnose vision problems using the problem-oriented approach. It focuses on solving the problem(s) the
patient presents with and also unravels other problems the patient may not be aware of before visiting the
clinic.

The students are exposed to problems presented by patients in Visual Analysis I, and in this course;
Visual Analysis II, the cases seen clinically are analyzed. The students are didactically made to analyze
cases they have seen, make diagnoses and develop treatment plans. They also make case presentations
which form part of the continuous assessment.

Objectives

The objectives of the course are to:

1. State the components of convergence

2. Describe the phoria position
3. Determine lateral phoria at far and near
4. Determine vertical phoria at far and at near
5. Differentiate between lateral and vertical phoria
6. Describe management of lateral imbalance
7. Describe management of vertical imbalance
8. Describe tests for amplitude of accommodation
9. Describe monocular and binocular cross cylinder tests
10. Describe tests for relative accommodation
 11. Determine range of accommodation
12. Modify the binocular cross cylinder finding using NRA and PRA
13. Modify the binocular cross cylinder finding using the range of accommodation and patient’s
working distance
14. Describe the methods of determining accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio
15. Describe the anomalies of binocular vision like convergence insufficiency, convergence excess,
divergence insufficiency and divergence excess

Learning Outcomes

On completion of the course, students should be able to:

1. State at least three (3) components of convergence

2. Describe the phoria position and practice at least three (3) tests used to break fusion
3. Determine lateral phoria at far and near of patients before and after lens prescription
4. Determine vertical phoria at far and at near of patients after lens prescription
5. Identify at least three (3) differences between lateral and vertical phorias
6. Prescribe for patients with lateral imbalance using at least three (3) methods
7. Prescribe prisms for patients with vertical imbalance
8. Describe at least two (2) tests for determining amplitude of accommodation
9. Determine monocular and binocular cross cylinder of patients
10. Describe tests for negative and positive relative accommodation
11. Determine range of accommodation using 2 methods
12. Modify the binocular cross cylinder finding using NRA and PRA for both non-presbyopes and
presbyopes
13. Modify the binocular cross cylinder finding using the range of accommodation and patient’s
working distance for both non-presbyopes and presbyopes
14. Describe at least three (3) methods of determining accommodative convergence/accommodation
(AC/A) ratio
15. Identify the anomalies of binocular vision like convergence insufficiency, convergence excess,
divergence insufficiency and divergence excess in the clinical cases seen.

Course Contents

The components of convergence. The phoria position and tests used to break fusion. Determination of
lateral phoria at far and near. Determination of vertical phoria at far and at near. Prescribing for lateral
imbalance. Prescribing for vertical imbalance. Tests for amplitude of accommodation. Monocular and
binocular cross cylinder tests. Tests for negative and positive relative accommodation. Range of
accommodation. Modification the binocular cross cylinder finding both non-presbyopes and presbyopes
using NRA and PRA. Modification the binocular cross cylinder finding both non-presbyopes and
presbyopes using range of accommodation. Modification the binocular cross cylinder finding both non-
presbyopes and presbyopes using patient’s working distance. Determination of accommodative
convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio using gradient method. Determination of accommodative
convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio using calculated AC/A ratio method. Management of
anomalies of binocular vision.
Minimum Academic Standards

Optometry clinics with NUC-MAS requirement facilities