ID: FMS/0052/19

Csc 435
Assignment
Proof by deduction:
In Proof by Deduction, the truth of the statement is based on the truth of each part of the
statement (A; B) and the strength of the logic connecting each part.
Statement A: ‘if today is a weekend’ gives us two answers, Saturday and Sunday, as
these are the only two days of the weekend.
We then use our answers for statement A and statement B to test the logic of the main
statement.
If today is Saturday, then tomorrow is a Sunday. Thus, the concluding statement is
false. However, if today is Sunday, tomorrow is Monday, and the concluding statement is
true.
Therefore, the logic of the concluding statement depends on statement A and is weak as a
result.
Proof by contradiction:
Proof by contradiction in logic and mathematics is a proof that determines the truth of a
statement by assuming the proposition is false, then working to show its falsity until the
result of that assumption is a contradiction.
Proof by contradiction steps:
 Assume your statement to be false.
 Proceed as you would with a direct proof.
 Come across a contradiction.
 State that because of the contradiction, it can't be the case that the statement is
false, so it must be true.
Mathematical Induction: is a mathematical technique which is used to prove a
statement, a formula or a theorem is true for every natural number.
The technique involves two steps to prove a statement, as stated below −
Step 1(Base step) − It proves that a statement is true for the initial value.
Step 2(Inductive step) − It proves that if the statement is true for the n th iteration (or
number n), then it is also true for (n+1)th  iteration ( or number n+1).
How to Do It
Step 1 − Consider an initial value for which the statement is true. It is to be shown that
the statement is true for n = initial value.
Step 2 − Assume the statement is true for any value of n = k. Then prove the statement is
true for n = k+1. We actually break n = k+1 into two parts, one part is n = k (which is
already proved) and try to prove the other part.