1.

VOCABULARY 

ENERGY energía WAY

CARBON huella ( huella de IN THIS CASE en ese caso

FOOTPRINT carbono )
OBVIOUS obvio
DOCUMENTA documental
RIES SAFE TO se puede decir de
(SAY) seguro …
ENVIRONMEN problema
TAL ISSUE ambiental SIMILARITY semejanza /
parecido
MOUNTAIN cordillera
RANGE APPETITE apetito

GLOBAL calentamiento FULL lleno

WARMING global
GONE OFF Pasarse /
NATURAL habitat natural explotarse
HABITAT
IN SEASON En temporada
COASTAL camino costero
PORTIONS Porciones
PATH
SAVOURY sabroso
ENDANGERE especies en
D SPECIES peligro de STICK TO Seguir a rajatabla
extinción
VITAMINS vitaminas
IN CONTRAST a diferencia de 

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 o IMPATIENT – Easily irritated o IRREGULAR – Not regular .
by having to wait for something o RELIES ON – depends on
. o MAKE MONEY – earn
o DISHONEST – Not telling the o MOVING SOMETHING
truth . FROM ONE PLACE TO
o REAPPLY – Make another ANOTHER – transporting
request . o VERY BIG – huge
o ILOGICAL – Not making o VERY BEAUTIFULL –
sense . magnificent
o UNAWARE – Not knowing o PROBABLY - presumably
something .

1.1. CONFUSED WORDS

a. Travel / trip f. Choose / chose

b. Borrow / lend g. Sight / site
c. Sensible / sensitive h. Rise / raise
d. Lose / loose i. Affect / effect
e. Advice / advise j. Say / tell

2. GRAMMAR

2.1. PREPOSITIONS

 AT 

 Para indicar la posición en un punto en concreto, como si lo hiciéramos en un

plano . 

Somebody is at the door.

I’m at Baker Street, waiting at the bus-stop 

 IN 

 Para indicar ‘dentro de’ en espacios cerrados o lugares pequeños

She is in the garden / in the kitchen/ in the shop / in the park.

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My keys are in my pocket / in the box / in my bag

 Para hablar de ciudades o países.

I am in France, in the north east of Italy.

She lives in Boston.

 ON

 Para indicar "sobre’ ‘en la superficie de’.

There are coins on the desk.
She has her hands on her skirt

2.2. RELATIVE CLAUSES ( WHO , WHICH , WHOSE , THAT )

2.2.1. DEFINDING RELATIVE CLAUSES (ESPECIFICATIVAS)

TYPE SUBJECT PRONOUN OBJECT PRONOUN

person Who (that) --- (that) (whom)

thing Which (that) --- (that) (which)
possessive Whose Whose
prepositional --- --- + preposition
Preposition + whom /
which

Examples .

The woman who lives on the second floor is my aunt.

She was the only person that phoned me.
I have a book that might interest you.

2.2.2. NON DEFINDING RELATIVE CLAUSES (EXPLICATIVAS)

TYPE SUBJECT PRONOUN OBJECT PRONOUN

person Who (that) whom

thing Which (that) which
possessive Whose Whose
prepositional --- Preposition + whom /
which
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Examples .

My car , which is very fast , need repairing .

This book , which was printed in Gibraltar , is very valuable .

3. WISH AND IF ONLY

 We use past perfect to talk about wishes for the past .

A regret about something that has either happened or didn’t happen
 We use past simple to talk about wishes for the present .
Something we would like to be different now but is unlikely or impossible
 We use could (+infinitive) to talk about wishes for the future .
Something we would like to do but can’t.

4. CONDITIONALS AND MIXED CONDITIONALS

ZERO CONDITIONAL
RULE :  If + present simple ,  present simple 
If you heat water , it boils .

WE USE IT FOR…

Things that are always true 

FIRST CONDITIONAL
RULE : If + present simple , will / won’t + INFINITIVE
If I go to the supermarket, I’ll buy fruit. 

WE USE IT FOR…

 To talk about things that could happen in the future 

 Likely / possible situations

SECOND CONDITIONAL

RULE : If + past simple , would / wouldn’t + INFINITIVE

If he had time, he would help me.

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WE USE IT TO…

 Talk about unreal /  impossible present situations

THIRD CONDITIONAL

RULE :If + past perfect ( had + PP ) , would / wouldn’t have + PP

If I hadn’t talked to her, I wouldn’t have known what happened

WE USE IT FOR …

 Imaginary past situation & past situation , you can’t change

 Talk about past situations we wish were different (regrets) . 

MIXED CONDITIONALS

TYPE 1 : If I weren’t so busy , I could have come along. TYPE 2 : If I had

bought enough , I would be able to finish it now .