Principal of management

hawthorne
studies
Presented by: Laiba Ijaz(10) Tayyba Shahzadi(18)
 Hawthorne studies gave rise to a new
movment which is known as human relation
movment
Hawthorn studies were
conducted by “Elton
Mayo” and “Fritz
Roethlisberger” in the
1920s with the workers
of the Hawthorn plant
of Western Electric
company
4 parts of hawthorn experiment

Illumination Relay
01 experiment
02 assembly test
(1924-1927) (1927-1929)

Mass Bank wiring

interviewing observation
03 04
program room
(1928- 1932) (1932)
 01
Illumination
experiments
  Illumination experiments were
conducted to find out how varying
levels of amount of light at the work
place(a physical factor) affected
productivity

Experimental group Control group

(exposed to varying (constant illumination)
illumination)

 Changes made in  Illumination remains

illumination constant
 Increase in illumination  Productivity remains
 Decrease in constant
illumination Result: no relation
 Moonlight illumination between light &
productivity
 Illumination experiment

 The researchers found that as they increase the illumination in the

experiment in the group, both groups increase production.

 When the intensity of illumination was decrease, the production

continued to increase in both the groups.

 The production in the experimental group decrease only when the

illumination was decreased to the level of moonlight.

 Thus it was concluded didn’t have any effect on productivity

 02
Relay assembly test
room experiment
 It was designed to determine
the effect of changes in various
jobs condition on groups
productivity.
 Researchers set up a relay
assembly test room which
involve assembly of telephone
relays.
 Six women were selected.
 The output depended on the
speed and continuity with which
the women work
 Irelay assembly test room experiment

Changes by this experiment:

 Incentives system was changed.

 Two, five minutes rests _ one in morning session and other in evening
session was introduced.
 It was later increased to 10 minutes (the productivity increased)
 The rest period was reduced to 5 minutes but frequency was increased.
 Changes in working hours and work day were introduced (like eliminating
Saturday work)
 Allowing women hour early from 5pm to 4pm .
 03
Mass interviewing
program
 Mass interviewing program

Reason for No of interviews

conducting conducted
To study the human behaviour With about 20,000 employees
 Mass interviewing program

 The method was changed from direct interviewing to non direct

interviewing.

 The interview program gave valuable insides about human behavior

in the company like:

1. workers behavior was influenced by group behavior

2. The position of worker is a reference from which the worker give

meaning to events feature like hour of work, wages etc.
 04
Bank wiring
observation room
 Bank wiring observation room

 It was conducted to analyze the functioning of small groups ad its impact on

individual behavior.
 The hypothesis was that in order to earn more workers would produce more.
 Also to get the group bonus, they would help each other to produce more.
 However, this hypothesis didn’t hold valid.
 The workers gave restricted output due to the following reasons:

Fear of unemployment.
Fear of rising the standards.
Protection slower workers.
Satisfaction on the part of management.