Jevaughn Small- Qualitative Analysis

Lab #: 14
Date: March 2, 2021
Topic: Qualitative Analysis
Aim: To determine the cations and anions present in the unknown samples J and Sample M
Apparatus and Materials: Sample J, Sample M, test tubes, rack, beaker, aqueous sodium
hydroxide, aqueous ammonia, limewater, water, hydrochloric acid, barium chloride, blue litmus
paper, red litmus paper, distilled water, bunsen burner.

TEST OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. A small portion of - Effervescence - CO2 gas had evolved

solid J was placed in a observed - Carbonate ions (CO32-)
test tube, a delivery - White precipitate were present.
tube was connected formed in lime water
leading to a test tube
with limewater. The
test tube containing
solid J was heated.

2. A small portion of - Effervescence - CO2 gas had evolved

Solid J was added to a observed - Carbonate ions (CO32-)
small portion of HCl - White precipitate were present.
and a delivery tube formed in lime water
was connected which
led to a test tube with
limewater.

3. Aqueous sodium - Blue precipitate - Copper ions (Cu2+)

hydroxide was added formed were present in the
dropwise until in - Insoluble in excess solution
excess to the solution NaOH
formed from test 2. Cu2+(s)+2OH-(aq) ⇒ Cu(OH)2(s)

4. Aqueous ammonia - Blue precipitate - Copper ions (Cu2+)

was added to the formed were present in the
solution formed in test - Blue precipitate solution
2 dropwise until in dissolved forming a
excess. dark blue solution Cu2+(aq)+ 2OH-(aq) ⇒ CuOH(s)

TABLE SHOWING TESTS CONDUCTED ON SOLID J

 TEST OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. Approximately 5cm3 - Dirty green precipitate - NH4 ions were present

of NaOH was added to was formed - NH3 gas evolved
a small amount of M - A dark grey
in a test tube. The precipitate was formed NH4+(aq)+ OH-(aq) ⇒ NH3(g)
solution was warmed after being heated +H2O(l)
and tests were - A gas was evolved
conducted for any gas which turned red
that liberated litmus paper blue

2. Distilled water was - A yellow suspension - Fe2+ ions were present

added to a small was formed with a
amount of M in a test yellow brown
tube. precipitate

3. A small amount of - A dirty green - Fe2+ ions were present.

NaOH was added to precipitate was formed
the solution M when NaOH was Fe2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) ⇒
dropwise then in added dropwise Fe(OH)2(s)
excess. - Dirty green precipitate
remained in excess
NaOH

4. The contents from the - The dirty green - Fe2+ ions converted to
previous experiment precipitate gradually Fe3+ ions.
were left to stand for 5 changed to a red Fe3+(aq) + OH-(aq) ⇒ Fe(OH)3(s)
minutes. brown precipitate

5. Barium Chloride was - A white precipitate - SO42- ions were

added dropwise to the formed when barium present
solution M followed Chloride was added
by HCl. dropwise. Ba2+(aq)+ SO42-(aq) ⇒ BaSO4(s)
- The white precipitate
remained when excess
HCl was added.

TABLE SHOWING TESTS CONDUCTED ON SOLID M

Conclusion: Solid M was Copper Carbonate (CuCO3) and Solid J was ferrous ammonium
sulphate (NH4)FeSO4.