Salt Analysis

For Class XIth and XIIth

AIM: To analyse one cation and one anion in given inorganic salt.

Test for Cation

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken a salt in test tube and added Ammonical smell observed Zero group present
NaOH solution. (NH4+)
2 Taken original Solution and added Brown precipitate formed NH4+ confirmed
Nessler’s reagent K2[HgI4].
Test for anion

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken small amount of salt in test No observation Dilute H2SO4 group
tube and added dilute H2SO4. absent.
2 Taken small amount of salt in test No observation Conc H2SO4 group
tube and added conc H2SO4. absent
3 Taken original solution and added White precipitate formed SO42- confirmed
BaCl2 solution.

Reaction involved in test of cation:

NH4+ + NaOH NH3 +H2O + Na+

2K2[HgI4] + NH4+ NH2HgI3 (Brown precipitate) + 4KI + I- + 2H2O

Reaction involved in test of anion:

SO42-(aq) + BaCl2 BaSO4(white ppt) + 2Cl-

Results: This salt contains Cation = NH4+and Anion = SO42-

AIM: To analyse one cation and one anion in given inorganic salt.

Test for Cation

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken a salt in test tube and added No Observation Zero group absent.
NaOH solution.
2 Taken original Solution and added White precipitate formed Ist present (Pb2+ may
dilute HCl. be)
3 Dissolved the precipitate in hot
water then divided into two part
5 Added KI in first part Yellow precipitate formed Pb2+ confirmed
6 Added K2CrO4 in second part Yellowish orange precipitate Pb2+ confirmed
formed
Test for anion
S.No Experiment Observation Inference
1 Taken small amount of salt in test Vinegar like smell came out Dilute H2SO4 group
tube and added dilute H2SO4. present. (Acetate ion
may be)
2 Taken original solution and added Blood red colour appeared CH3COO- confirmed
FeCl3 solution
Reaction involved in test of cation:

Pb2+ (aq) + 2HCl PbCl2 (white precipitate) + 2H+

Pb2+ + 2KI PbI2 (Yellow precipitate) + 2K+

Pb2+ + K2CrO4 PbCrO4 (Yellowish orange precipitate) + 2K+

Reaction involved in test of Anion:

3 CH3COO-(aq) + FeCl3 (CH3COO)3Fe (Blood red colour ) +3Cl-(aq)

Results: This salt contains Cation = Pb2+and Anion = CH3COO-

AIM: To analyse one cation and one anion in given inorganic salt.

Test for Cation

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken a salt in test tube and added No Observation Zero group absent.
NaOH solution.
2 Taken original Solution and added No Observation Ist group absent
dilute HCl.
3 Passed H2S gas in above solution. Black precipitated formed 2nd group present (Cu2+
may be)

4 Dissolved the precipitate in conc

HNO3 then divided into two part
5 Added NH4OH in first part Deep blue colour Cu2+ confirmed
6 Added K4[Fe(CN)6] in second part Chocolate brown colour Cu2+ confirmed
precipitate formed
Test for anion

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken small amount of salt in test Brisk effervescence of CO2 Dilute H2SO4 group
tube and added dilute H2SO4. came out present (CO32- may be)
2 Collected the gas and passed in Lime water turned milky. CO32- confirmed
lime water

Reaction involved in test of cation:

Cu2+ (aq) + H2S CuS (Black precipitated) + 2H+

2Cu2+ + K4[Fe(CN)6] Cu2[Fe(CN)6]( Chocolate brown colour precipitate) + 4K+

Cu2+ + 4NH4OH [Cu(NH3)4]2+( Deep blue colour) + 4H2O

Reaction involved in test of anion:

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3(white ppt/ milky) + H2O

Results: This salt contains Cation = Cu2+and Anion = CO32-

AIM: To analyse one cation and one anion in given inorganic salt.

Test for Cation

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken a salt in test tube and added No Observation Zero group absent.
NaOH solution.
2 Taken original Solution and added No Observation Ist group absent
dilute HCl.
3 Passed H2S gas in above solution. No Observation 2nd group absent

4 Boiled off the above solution to Reddish brown precipitate 3rd group present (Fe3+)
removed H2S gas then cooled and formed. may be
after this added NH4Cl and NH4OH.
5 Dissolved the precipitate in dilute
HCl then divided into two part
6 Added K4[Fe(CN)6] in first part Prussian blue colour Fe3+ confirmed
precipitate formed
7 Added KCNS in second part Red blood color obtained Fe3+ confirmed
Test for anion

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken small amount of salt in test No observation Dilute H2SO4 group
tube and added dilute H2SO4. absent.
2 Taken small amount of salt in test No observation Conc H2SO4 group
tube and added conc H2SO4. absent
3 Taken original solution / soda White precipitate formed SO42- confirmed
extract and added BaCl2 solution.

Reaction involved in test of cation:

Fe3+ (aq) + 3NH4OH Fe(OH)3(Reddish brown ppt) + 3NH4+

Fe3+(aq) + 3 K4[Fe(CN)6] Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 + 12K+

Fe3+(aq) + 3KCNS Fe(CNS)3 (Red blood color)

Reaction involved in test of anion:

SO42-(aq) + BaCl2 BaSO4(white ppt) + 2Cl-

Results: This salt contains Cation = Fe3+ and Anion = SO42-

AIM: To analyse one cation and one anion in given inorganic salt.

Test for Cation

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken a salt in test tube and added No Observation Zero group absent.
NaOH solution
2 Taken original Solution and added No Observation Ist group absent
dilute HCl.
3 Passed H2S gas in above solution. No Observation 2nd group absent

4 Boiled off the above solution to
removed H2S gas then cooled and
after this added NH4Cl and NH4OH.
5 Dissolved the precipitate in dilute
HCl then added blue litmus and
NH4OH.
Gelatinous white precipitate 3rd group present (Al3+)
formed may be
Bluish white precipitate Al3+ confirmed
floating like lake formed

Test for anion

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken small amount of salt in test No observation Dilute H2SO4 group
tube and added dilute H2SO4. absent.
2 Taken small amount of salt in test No observation Conc H2SO4 group
tube and added conc H2SO4. absent
3 Taken original solution and added White precipitate formed SO42- confirmed
BaCl2 solution.

Reaction involved in test of cation:

Al3+ (aq) + 3NH4OH Al(OH)3(Gelatinous white ppt) + 3NH4+

Reaction involved in test of anion:

SO42-(aq) + BaCl2 BaSO4(white ppt) + 2Cl-

Results: This salt contains Cation = Al3+ and Anion = SO42-

AIM: To analyse one cation and one anion in given inorganic salt.

Test for Cation

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken a salt in test tube and added No Observation Zero group absent.
NaOH solution
2 Taken original Solution and added No Observation Ist group absent
dilute HCl.
3 Passed H2S gas in above solution. No Observation 2nd group absent

4 Boiled off the above solution to No Observation 3rd group absent

removed H2S gas then cooled and
after this added NH4Cl and NH4OH.
5 Passed H2S gas in above solution. Grey white precipitate 4th group present
(Zn2+may be)
6 Dissolved the precipitate in dilute Bluish white precipitate Zn2+ confirmed
HCl then added K4[Fe(CN)6] formed
Test for anion

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken small amount of salt in test No observation Dilute H2SO4 group
tube and added dilute H2SO4. absent.
2 Taken small amount of salt in test No observation Conc H2SO4 group
tube and added conc H2SO4 absent
3 Taken original solution and added White precipitate formed SO42- confirmed
BaCl2 solution.
Reaction involved in test of cation:

Zn2+ (aq) + H2S ZnS (Grey white ppt) + 2H+

2Zn2+ (aq) + K4[Fe(CN)6] Zn2[Fe(CN)6] + 4K+

Reaction involved in test of anion:

SO42-(aq) + BaCl2 BaSO4(white ppt) + 2Cl-

Results: This salt contains Cation = Zn2+ and Anion = SO42-

AIM: To analyse one cation and one anion in given inorganic salt.

Test for Cation

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken a salt in test tube and added No Observation Zero group absent.
NaOH solution.
2 Taken original Solution and added No Observation Ist group absent
dilute HCl.
3 Passed H2S gas in above solution. No Observation 2nd group absent

4 Boiled off the above solution to No Observation 3rd group absent

removed H2S gas then cooled and
after this added NH4Cl and NH4OH.
5 Passed H2S gas in above solution. Black precipitate formed 4th group present
(Co2+/Ni2+ may be)
6 Dissolved the precipitate in Light red colour precipitate Ni2+confirmed
aquaregia then added NH4OH and formed
after this added dimethyl
glyoxime(DMG)
Test for anion

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken small amount of salt in test No observation Dilute H2SO4 group
tube and added dilute H2SO4. absent.
2 Taken small amount of salt in test No observation Conc H2SO4 group
tube and added conc H2SO4 absent
3 Taken original solution/ Soda White precipitate formed SO42- confirmed
extract and added BaCl2 solution.
Reaction involved in test of cation:

Ni2+ (aq) + H2S NiS (black ppt) + 2H+

Light red precipitate

Reaction involved in test of anion:

SO42-(aq) + BaCl2 BaSO4(white ppt) + 2Cl-

Results: This salt contains Cation = Ni2+ and Anion = SO42-

AIM: To identify one cation and one anion in given inorganic salt.

Test for Cation

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken a salt in test tube and added No Observation Zero group absent.
NaOH solution
2 Taken original Solution and added No Observation Ist group absent
dilute HCl.
3 Passed H2S gas in above solution. No Observation 2nd group absent

4 Boiled off the above solution to No Observation 3rd group absent

removed H2S gas then cooled and
after this added NH4Cl and NH4OH.
5 Passed H2S gas in above solution. Black precipitate formed 4th group present
(Co2+/Ni2+ may be)
6 Dissolved the precipitate in Blue colour organic layer Co2+ confirmed
aquaregia then added acetone and appeared
after this added NH4SCN
Test for anion

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken small amount of salt in test No observation Dilute H2SO4 group
tube and added dilute H2SO4. absent.
2 Taken small amount of salt in test No observation Conc H2SO4 group
tube and added conc H2SO4 absent
3 Taken original solution/ soda White precipitate formed SO42- confirmed
extract and added BaCl2 solution.
Reaction involved in test of cation:

Co2+ (aq) + H2S CoS (black ppt) + 2H+

Co2+ (aq) + 4 NH4SCN (NH4)2[Co(CNS)4]( Blue colour organic layer) + 2NH4+

Reaction involved in test of anion:

SO42-(aq) + BaCl2 BaSO4(white ppt) + 2Cl-

Results: This salt contains Cation = Co2+ and Anion = SO42-

AIM: To analyse one cation and one anion in given inorganic salt.

Test for Cation

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken a salt in test tube and added No Observation Zero group absent.
NaOH solution.
2 Taken original Solution and added No Observation Ist group absent
dilute HCl.
3 Passed H2S gas in above solution. No Observation 2nd group absent

4 Boiled off the above solution to No Observation 3rd group absent

removed H2S gas then cooled and
after this added NH4Cl and NH4OH.
5 Passed H2S gas in above solution. Light brown / flesh colour 4th group present
precipitate formed (Mn2+ may be)
6 Dissolved the precipitate in dilute Light brown / flesh colour Mn2+ confirmed
HCl then added NaOH and after precipitate formed
this added bromine water.
Test for anion

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken small amount of salt in test Vinegar like smell comes out Dilute H2SO4 group
tube and added dilute H2SO4. present. (Acetate ion
may be)
2 Taken original solution and added Blood red colour appeared CH3COO- confirmed
FeCl3 solution
Reaction involved in test of cation:

Mn2+(aq) + H2S MnS (light brown precipitate) + 2H+

Reaction involved in test of Anion:

3 CH3COO-(aq) + FeCl3 (CH3COO)3Fe (Blood red colour ) +3Cl-(aq)

Results: This salt contains Cation = Mn2+ and Anion = CH3COO-

AIM: To analyse one cation and one anion in given inorganic salt.

Test for Cation

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken a salt in test tube and added No Observation Zero group absent.
NaOH solution.
2 Taken original Solution and added No Observation Ist group absent
dilute HCl.
3 Passed H2S gas in above solution. No Observation 2nd group absent

4 Boiled off the above solution to No Observation 3rd group absent

removed H2S gas then cooled and
after this added NH4Cl and NH4OH.
5 Passed H2S gas in above solution. No Observation 4th group absent
6 Boiled off the above solution to White precipitate obtained 5th group present (Ca2+,
removed the H2S gas then cooled Sr2+, Ba2+) may be.
and after this added NH4Cl, NH4OH
and (NH4)2CO3.
7 Collected the precipitate and
dissolved in acetic acid then
divided into three part
8 Added the K2CrO4 in first part Yellow precipitate
9 Added the (NH4)2C2O4 in second White precipitate Ba2+ confirmed
part
10 Added the (NH4)2SO4 in third part White precipitate

Test for anion

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken small amount of salt in test No gas evolved Dilute H2SO4 group
tube and added dilute H2SO4. absent.
2 Taken small amount of salt in test white fumes evolved with Conc H2SO4 present (Cl- )
tube and added conc H2SO4. pungent smell may be.
4 Taken original solution and added White precipitate CI- confirmed.
AgNO3
Reaction involved in test of cation:

Ba2+ (aq) + NH4)2CO3 BaCO3 (White ppt) + 2NH4+ (aq)

Ba2+ (aq) + K2CrO4 BaCrO4 (Yellow ppt) + 2K+

Reaction involved in test of anion:

CI- (aq) + AgNO3 AgCl (White precipitate) + NO3-(aq)

Results: This salt contains Cation = Ba2+ and Anion = CI-

AIM: To analyse one cation and one anion in given inorganic salt.

Test for Cation

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken a salt in test tube and added No Observation Zero group absent.
NaOH.
2 Taken original Solution and added No Observation Ist group absent
dilute HCl.
3 Passed H2S gas in above solution. No Observation 2nd group absent

4 Boiled off the above solution to No Observation 3rd group absent

removed H2S gas then cooled and
after this added NH4Cl and NH4OH.
5 Passed H2S gas in above solution. No Observation 4th group absent
6 Boiled off the above solution to White precipitate obtained 5th group present (Ca2+,
removed the H2S gas then cooled Sr2+, Ba2+) may be.
and after this added NH4Cl, NH4OH
and (NH4)2CO3.
7 Collected the precipitate and
dissolved in acetic acid then
divided into three part
8 Added the K2CrO4 in first part No precipitated
9 Added the (NH4)2C2O4 in second White precipitate Sr2+ confirmed
part
10 Added the (NH4)2SO4 in third part White precipitate
Test for anion

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken small amount of salt in test No gas evolved Dilute H2SO4 group
tube and added dilute H2SO4. absent.
2 Taken small amount of salt in test white fumes evolved with Conc H2SO4 present (Cl- )
tube and added conc H2SO4. pungent smell may be.
4 Taken original solution and added White precipitate CI- confirmed.
AgNO3

Reaction involved in test of cation:

Sr2+ (aq) + NH4)2CO3 SrCO3 (White ppt) + 2NH4+ (aq)

Sr2+ (aq) + NH4)2SO4 SrSO4 (White ppt) + 2NH4+ (aq)

Reaction involved in test of anion:

CI- (aq) + AgNO3 AgCl (White precipitate) + NO3-(aq)

Results: This salt contains Cation = Sr2+ and Anion = CI-

AIM: To analyse one cation and one anion in given inorganic salt.

Test for Cation

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken a salt in test tube and added No Observation Zero group absent.
NaOH solution.
2 Taken original Solution and added No Observation Ist group absent
dilute HCl.
3 Passed H2S gas in above solution. No Observation 2nd group absent

4 Boiled off the above solution to No Observation 3rd group absent

removed H2S gas then cooled and
after this added NH4Cl and NH4OH.
5 Passed H2S gas in above solution. No Observation 4th group absent
6 Boiled off the above solution to White precipitate obtained 5th group present (Ca2+,
removed the H2S gas then cooled Sr2+, Ba2+) may be.
and after this added NH4Cl, NH4OH
and (NH4)2CO3.
7 Collected the precipitate and
dissolved in acetic acid then
divided into three part
8 Added the K2CrO4 in first part No precipitated
9 Added the (NH4)2C2O4 in second White precipitate Ca2+ confirmed
part
10 Added the (NH4)2SO4 in third part No precipitated
Test for anion

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken small amount of salt in test No gas evolved Dilute H2SO4 group
tube the added dilute H2SO4. absent.
2 Taken small amount of salt in test white fumes evolved with Conc H2SO4 present (Cl- )
tube the added conc H2SO4. pungent smell may be.
4 Taken original solution and added White precipitate CI- confirmed.
AgNO3
Reaction involved in test of cation:

Ca2+ (aq) + NH4)2CO3 CaCO3 (White ppt) + 2NH4+ (aq)

Ca2+ (aq) + (NH4)2C2O4 CaC2O4 (White ppt) + 2NH4+ (aq)

Reaction involved in test of anion:

CI- (aq) + AgNO3 AgCl (White precipitate) + NO3-(aq)

Results: This salt contains Cation = Ca2+ and Anion = CI-

AIM: To analyse one cation and one anion in given inorganic salt.

Test for Cation

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken a salt in test tube and added No Observation Zero group absent.
NaOH solution.
2 Taken original Solution of salt and No Observation Ist group absent
added dilute HCl.
3 Passed H2S gas in above solution. No Observation 2nd group absent

4 Boiled off the above solution to No Observation 3rd group absent

removed H2S gas then cooled and
after this added NH4Cl and NH4OH.
5 Passed H2S gas in above solution. No Observation 4th group absent
6 Boiled off the above solution to No Observation 5th group absent
removed the H2S gas then cooled
and after this added NH4Cl, NH4OH
and (NH4)2CO3.
7 Taken original Solution and added White precipitate formed Mg2+ confirmed
disodium hydrogen phosphate
(Na2HPO4) and NH4OH.

Test for anion

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1 Taken small amount of salt in test No gas evolved Dilute H2SO4 group
tube the added dilute H2SO4. absent.
2 Taken small amount of salt in test Dark violet fumes evolved Conc H2SO4 present (I-)
tube the added conc H2SO4. may be.
3 Heated the small amount of salt Chloroform layer turned violet I- confirmed.
with dilute H2SO4 then cooled after
this added chloroform and chlorine
water with shaking.
4 Taken original solution and added Yellow precipitate formed I- confirmed.
AgNO3
Reaction involved in test of cation:

Mg2+(aq) + Na2HPO4 + NH4OH Mg(NH4)PO4 (White ppt) + 2Na+ (aq) + H2O

Reaction involved in test of anion:

I- (aq) + AgNO3 AgI (yellow ppt) + NO3-(aq)

Results: This salt contains Cation = Mg2+ Anion = I-