Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Reliance Foundation School, Reliance Greens, Jamnagar

Session – 2021-22

Aim: To identify one acidic radical (anion) and one basic radical (cation) in given inorganic salt.
Physical Test: 1. Colour - White 2. Odour -mild pungent 3. Solubility in H2O - water soluble 5. State -Crystalline solid
Chemical test for acidic radical:
S. No. Test Observation Inference
1. Take small quantity of salt in a dry test tube No relevant gas evolved. Dilute acid group absent.
+ dilute H2SO4 + Heat
2. Take small amount of salt in a dry test tube Reddish brown gas with Concentrated acid group
+ Conc. H2SO4 + Heat pungent smell evolved. present and NO3― may
be.
3. Add few copper chips to above reaction Reddish brown gas evolved NO3― present
mixture. vigorously.
4. Ring Test (Confirmatory Test): Salt + A dark brown ring is formed NO3― confirm.
distilled water + Freshly prepared FeSO4 at the junction of layer of
solution + Conc. H2SO4 slowly along the side acid and solution.
of test tube.

Chemical Test for basic radical

S. No. Test Observation Inference

1. Take small quantity of salt in a dry test tube No relevant smelling gas Zero group absent.
+ NaOH solution evolved.
2. Take salt + distilled water + Shake + dil HCl No relevant precipitate 1st group present Absent.
obtained.
3. Divide above solution into two parts - -
3. 1st part + H2S gas. No precipitate is obtained. 2nd group absent.
4. 2nd part + NH4Cl (small) + NH4OH (Excess) Gelatinous white precipitate 3rd group present and Al3+
is obtained. ion may be.
5. Filter the above precipitate and dissolve in Precipitate dissolved -
dilute HCl
6. Add Blue litmus solution to above solution + Blue precipitate floating in Al3+ Confirm.
NH4OH colourless solution is
obtained.

Result: The given inorganic salt contains following radical:

Acidic: Nitrate ion (NO3―) Basic: Aluminium ion (Al3+) Salt - Al(NO3)3

Chemical Reactions/Equations: For Acidic radical:

2 Al(NO3)3 + conc. 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 6HNO3
HNO3 + Cu + Heat Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 (Brown pungent fumes) + 2H2O
Ring Test:
2Al(NO3)3 + conc. 3H2SO4 2 Al2(SO4)3 + 6 HNO3

For basic Radical: