EXPERIMENT NO - 01

OBJECTIVE :- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a

basic radical.
OBSERVATION : -
S. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
NO.
PRELIMINARY
TEST
1 Colour Colourless Cu2+ Fe3+ Ni2+
absent
2 Odour NH3 like smell NH4+ may be
present
ACIDIC RADICAL
TEST
Dil. H2SO4 test
1 Test tube + salt + Colourless CO32- may be
H2O +Dil. H2SO4 odourless gas present
evolves with
brisk
effervescence.
2 Pass the gas in lime Lime water CO32- confirm
water in excess turns milky
which turns
colourless
when excess
gas is passed.
BASIC RADICAL
TEST
1 Test tube + salt + Pungent smell Zero group
NaOH of NH3 present
produces
2 NH4+ confirm
 Reddish
Test tube + salt +
brown
H2 O + Nessler
precipitate
reagent
forms

EXPERIMENT NO - 01

OBJECTIVE :- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a

basic radical.
OBSERVATION : -
S. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
NO.
OBSERVATION : -

S. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

NO.
PRELIMINARY
TEST
1 Colour Colourless Cu2+ Fe3+ Ni2+
absent
2 Odour NH3 like smell NH4+ may be
present
ACIDIC RADICAL
TEST
Dil. H2SO4 test
1 Tets tube + salt + colourless gas CH3COO- may
H2O +Dil. H2SO4 with vinegar like be present
smell
2 Tets tube + salt + Charcteristic CH3COO-
H2O + oxalic acid smell of vinegar confirm
produces

BASIC RADICAL
TEST
1 Test tube + salt + Pungent smell of Zero group
NaOH NH3 produces present
2 Test tube + salt + Reddish brown NH4+ confirm
H2 O + precipitate forms
Nessler reagent

RESULT:- Ammonium ion (NH4+) basic radical and acetate

anion (CH3COO-) acidic radicals are present in given salt.
 EXPERIMENT NO. – 03
OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a
basic radical.
OBSERVATION :-
S. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
No.
PRELIMINARY
TEST
1 Colour Colourless Cu2+ Fe3+ Ni2+
absent
2 Odour NH3 like smell NH4+ may be
present
ACIDIC RADICAL
TEST
Dil. H2SO4 test
1 Test tube + salt + No gas produces Dil H2SO4 group
H2O +Dil. H2SO4 absent
Conc. H2SO4 test
2 Test tube + salt + Colourless gas Cl- may be
H2O + Conc. H2SO4 with pungent present
smell
3 CHROMYL Yellow Cl- confirm
CHLORIDE TETS:- precipitate forms.
Test tube + salt +
solid potassium
dichromate + Conc.
H2SO4 + heat
pass the gas in Dil.
NaOH + CH3COOH
+ lead acetate
BASIC RADICAL
TEST
 1 Test tube + salt + Pungent smell of Zero group
NaOH NH3 produces present
2 Test tube + salt + Reddish brown NH4+ confirm
H2O + Nessler precipitate forms
reagent

RESULT:- Ammonium ion (NH4+) basic radical and chloride

anion (Cl- ) acidic radicals are present in given salt.

EXPERIMENT NO. - 04
OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a
basic radical.
OBSERVATION :-
S. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
No.
PRELIMINARY
TEST
1 Colour Colourless Cu2+ Fe3+ Ni2+
absent
2 Odour No smell NH4+ (CH3COO-
) absent
ACIDIC RADICAL
TEST
Dil. H2SO4 test
1 Tets tube + salt + No gas produces Dil H2SO4 group
H2O +Dil. H2SO4 absent
Conc. H2SO4 test
2 Tets tube + salt + Brown fume NO3- may be
H2O + Conc. H2SO4 which intensifies present
when Cu turnings
are added
3 Soda extract + Formation oif NO3- confirm
CH3COOH + FeSO4 brown ring at the
+ Conc. H2SO4 junction of
solutions

BASIC RADICAL
TEST
1 Test tube + salt + No gas producses Zero group
NaOH absent

2 Test tube + salt + White precipitate First group may

H2O + dil. HCl + forms be present
filter
3 Precipitate + H2O Yellow Pb2+ confirm
+ K2Cr2O7 precipitate forms

RESULT:- Lead (Pb2+) basic radical and nitrate anion (NO3-

) acidic radicals are present in given salt.
 EXPERIMENT NO. - 05
OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a
basic radical.
OBSERVATION :-
S. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
No.
PRELIMINARY
TEST
1 Colour Blue colour Cu2+ may be
presnt
2 Odour No smell NH4+ (CH3COO-
) absent

ACIDIC RADICAL
TEST
Dil. H2SO4 test
 1 tets tube + salt + No gas produces Dil H2SO4 group
H2O +Dil. H2SO4 absent
Conc. H2SO4 test
2 tets tube + salt + No gas produces Conc. H2SO4
H2O + Conc. H2SO4 group absent
3 test tube + salt + White precipitate Sulphate (SO42-)
H2O + BaCl2 forms confirm
BASIC RADICAL
TEST
1 Test tube + salt + No gas producses Zero group
NaOH absent
2 Test tube + salt + No precipitate First group
H2O + dil. HCl + forms absent
filter
3 Filtrate + H2S gas + Black Precipitate Second group
filter forms present
4 Precipitate + Dil. Chocolate brown Cu2+ confirm
HNO3 + acetic acid coloured
+ K4[Fe(CN)6] precipitate forms

RESULT:- Cupric ion (Cu2+ )basic radical and Sulphate anion

(SO42- ) acidic radicals are present in given salt.
 EXPERIMENT NO. - 06
OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a
basic radical.
OBSERVATION :-
S. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
No.
PRELIMINARY
TEST
1 Colour Yellow colour Fe3+ may be
presnt
2 Odour No smell NH4+ (CH3COO-
) absent
ACIDIC RADICAL
TEST
1 Dil. H2SO4 test
tets tube + salt + No gas produces Dil H2SO4 group
H2O +Dil. H2SO4 absent
2 Conc. H2SO4 test
tets tube + salt + Colourless gas Cl- may be
H2O + Conc. H2SO4 with pungent present
smell
CHROMYL
CHLORIDE TETS:-
3 Test tube + salt + Yellow Cl- confirm
solid potassium precipiteate
dichromate + Conc. forms
H2SO4 + heat
pass the gas in Dil.
NaOH + CH3COOH
+ lead acetate
BASIC RADICAL
TEST
1 Test tube + salt + No gas produces Zero group
NaOH absent
2 Test tube + salt + No precipitate First group
H2O + dil. HCl + forms absent
filter
3 Filtrate + H2S gas + No precipitate Second group
filter forms absent
4 Filtrate + boil to Reddish brown Third group
remove H2S + precipitate forms present
NH4Cl + NH4OH +
Filter
5 Precipitate + dil Prussian blue Fe3+ confirm
HCl + K4[Fe(CN)6] colour appears
RESULT:- Ferric ion (Fe3+) basic radical and Chloride (Cl )
acidic radicals are present in given salt.
 EXPERIMENT NO. - 07
OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a
basic radical.
OBSERVATION :-
S. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
No.
PRELIMINARY
TEST
1 Colour Blue green Ni2+ may be
presnt
2 Odour No smell NH4+ (CH3COO-)
absent

ACIDIC RADICAL
TEST
1 Dil. H2SO4 test
Test tube + salt + No gas produces Dil H2SO4 group
H2O +Dil. H2SO4 absent
2 Conc. H2SO4 test
test tube + salt + Colourless gas Cl- may be
H2O + Conc. H2SO4 with pungent present
smell
3 CHROMYL Yellow Cl- confirm
CHLORIDE TETS:- precipiteate
Test tube + salt + forms
solid potassium
dichromate + Conc.
H2SO4 + heat
pass the gas in Dil.
 NaOH + CH3COOH
+ lead acetate
BASIC RADICAL
TEST
1 Test tube + salt + No gas produces Zero group
NaOH absent
2 Test tube + salt + No precipitate First group
H2O + dil. HCl + forms absent
filter
3 Filtrate + H2S gas + No precipitate Second group
filter forms absent
4 Filtrate + boil to No precipitate Third group
remove H2S + forms absent
NH4Cl + NH4OH +
Filter
5 Filtrate + NH4OH + Black precipitate Fourth group
H2S + filter forms present
6 Precipitate + H2O + Pink precipitate Ni2+ confirms
dil. HCl + Dimethyl forms
glyoxime (DMG) +
dil. NaOH

RESULT:- Nickel ion (Ni2+) basic radical and Chloride anion

(Cl- ) acidic radicals are present in given salt.

EXPERIMENT NO. - 08
OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a
basic radical.
OBSERVATION :-
S. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
No.
 PRELIMINARY
TEST
1 Colour White Cu2+ Fe3+ Ni2+
absent
2 Odour No smell NH4+ (CH3COO-
) absent
ACIDIC RADICAL
TEST
Dil. H2SO4 test
1 test tube + salt + colourless CO32- may be
H2O +Dil. H2SO4 odourless gas present
evolves with
brisk
effervescence
2 Pass the gas in lime lime water turns CO32- Confirm
water in excess milky which
turns colourless
when excess gas
is passed
BASIC RADICAL
TEST
1 Test tube + salt + No gas produces Zero group
NaOH absent
2 Test tube + salt + No precipitate First group
H2O + dil. HCl + forms absent
filter
3 Filtrate + H2S gas + No precipitate Second group
filter forms absent
4 Filtrate + boil to No precipitate Third group
remove H2S + forms absent
NH4Cl + NH4OH +
Filter
 5 Filtrate + NH4OH + No precipitate Fourth group
H2S + filter forms absent
6 Filtrate + NH4Cl + White precipitate Fifth group
NH4OH + forms present
ammonium
carbonate
(NH4)2CO3 Filter
7 Precipitate + White precipitate Ca2+ confirm
ammonium forms
sulphate +
ammonium
oxalate
(NH4) 2C2O4

RESULT:- Calcium ion (Ca2+) basic radical and Carbonate

anion (CO32-) acidic radicals are present in given salt.
EXPERIMENT NO. - 09
OBJECTIVE:- To analyse the given salt for an acidic and a
basic radical.
OBSERVATION :-
S. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
No.
PRELIMINARY
TEST
1 Colour White Cu2+ Fe3+ Ni2+
absent
2 Odour No smell NH4+ and
(CH3COO-)
absent
ACIDIC RADICAL
TEST
Dil. H2SO4 test
1 test tube + salt + No gas produces Dil H2SO4 group
H2O +Dil. H2SO4 absent
Conc. H2SO4 test
1 test tube + salt + No gas produces Conc. H2SO4
H2O + Conc. H2SO4 group absent
2 test tube + salt + White precipitate Sulphate (SO42-)
H2O + BaCl2 forms confirm
BASIC RADICAL
TEST
1 Test tube + salt + No gas produces Zero group
NaOH absent
2 Test tube + salt + No precipitate First group
H2O + dil. HCl + forms absent
filter
3 Filtrate + H2S gas + No precipitate Second group
filter forms absent
4 Filtrate + boil to No precipitate Third group
remove H2S + forms absent
NH4Cl + NH4OH +
Filter
5 Filtrate + NH4OH + No precipitate Fourth group
H2S + filter forms absent
6 Filtrate + NH4Cl + No precipitate Fifth group
NH4OH + forms absent
ammonium
carbonate
(NH4)2CO3 Filter
7 Test tube + salt + White precipitate Mg2+ confirm in
H2O + NH4Cl + forms sixth group
NH4OH +
ammonium
phosphate
RESULT:- Magnesium ion (Mg2+) basic radical and sulphate
(SO42-) acidic radicals are present in given salt.