Salt no: 5

Experiment Observation Inference

Colour: Colour of the salt Colourless Absence of Cu2+, Fe2+, Ni2+
is noted
Odour: The smell of the Ammonia smell Presence of NH4+
salt is noted
Flame Test:
To a little of the salt add
Conc:HCl in a watch glass No characteristic flame color Absence of Ca2+,Ba2+,Sr2+
and show the paste to
the flame with the help
of glass rod
Dry heating test:
A little of the salt is Colourless gas with ammonia Presence of NH4+
heated in a dry test tube smell
4. Ash Test:
To a little of the salt, No characteristic ash is formed Absence of Al3+,Zn2+,Mg2+
cobalt nitrate and Conc:
HNO3 is added. Dip a
filter paper and burn it to
ash
Dil: sulphuric acid test:
A little of the salt is No gas evolved Absence of CO32--, SO32-,NO2-
treated with dil: H2SO4
KMnO4 test:
To a little of the salt, dil: KMnO4 decolourised Presence of Cl-
H2SO4 is added warmed NaCl+H2SO4NaHSO4+HCl
and then a drop of 2HCl+[O] H2O+Cl2
KMnO4 solution is added
Conc: H2SO4 test:
A little of the salt is A colourless gas having pungent Cl- may be present
treated with Conc: H2SO4 smell is evolved NaCl+H2SO4NaHSO4+HCl
and heated

Test for Nitrate:

A little of the salt is No brown fumes Absence of NO3-
treated with conc. H2SO4
and a paper ball is added
to it

Confirmatory test for

Chloride (Cl-)
1. A little of salt A white curdy precipitate is formed Presence of Cl- is confirmed
solution, is treated with
dil:HNO3 and AgNO3
solution
2.Chromyl chloride test:
Add a pinch of K2Cr2O7
and conc :H2SO4 to the
salt and heated
which is soluble in NH4OH
Red oily vapour evolved which gives
a yellow precipitate with lead
acetate
NaCl+AgNO3 AgCl+NaNO3
AgCl+2NH4OH [Ag(NH3)2]Cl
Presence of Cl- confirmed

Systematic analysis of basic radical (Cations)

Analysis of basic radical
(cation)

1. Heat a pinch of salt Smell of ammonia gas is evolved Presence of NH4+ (group 0)
with NaOH solution and dense white fumes with a NH4Cl +NaOHNaCl +H2O +NH3
glass rod dipped in dil:HCl NH3 +HClNH4Cl
brought near mouth of test tube
Confirmatory test for
Ammonium
Nesslers reagent test
To a little of the salt Reddish brown precipitate was Presence of NH4+ confirmed
solution add few drops of obtained 2K2[HgI4]+NH3+3KOH
Nesslers reagent and NH2.HgO.HgI+7KI+2H2O
NaOH (Brown ppt)

Result:
The given salt contains

Acid radical (Anion):

Chloride (Cl-)

Basic radical (cation):

Ammonium(NH4+)

SALT NO:6 Strontium nitrate

Colour: Colour of the salt Colourless Absence of Cu2+, Fe2+, Ni2+

is noted
Odour: The smell of the No specific odour Absence of CH3COO—or NH4+
salt is noted
Flame Test:
To a little of the salt add
Conc:HCl in a watch glass Crimson red flame Presence of Sr2+
and show the paste to
the flame with the help
of glass rod
Dry heating test: Reddish brown gas. Presence of NO3-
A little of the salt is
heated in a dry test tube
4. Ash Test:
To a little of the salt, No characteristic ash is Absence of Al3+,Zn2+,Mg2+
cobalt nitrate and Conc: formed
HNO3 is added. Dip a filter
paper and burn it to ash
Dil: sulphuric acid test:
A little of the salt is No gas evolved Absence of CO32--, SO32-,NO2-
treated with dil:H2SO4
KMnO4 test:
To a little of the salt, dil: KMnO4 not decolourised Absence of Cl-,Br-,I-
H2SO4 is added warmed
and then a drop of
KMnO4 solution is added
Conc: H2SO4 test:
A little of the salt is Reddish brown gas NO3- may be present
treated with Conc: H2SO4 having pungent smell is
and heated evolved

Test for Nitrate:

A little of the salt is Brown fumes Presence of NO3-
treated with conc. H2SO4 NO3- +H2SO4SO42-+2HNO3
and a paper ball is added HNO3 +C  CO2+ NO2+H2O
to it
Test for Sulphate:
A little of salt solution is No white precipitate Absence of SO42-
added with BaCl2 solution

Test for Phosphate:

A little of salt solution is No yellow precipitate Absence of Phosphate PO43—
treated with Conc: HNO3
and ammonium
molybdate solution
Confirmatory test for
Nitrate (NO3-)
Brown ring test A dark brown ring formed
1. To 2-3 ml of the salt at the junction of the two Presence of NO3- is confirmed
liquids
 - 2-
solution, added freshly NO3 +H2SO4SO4 +2HNO3
prepared FeSO4 solution 6FeSO4+3H2SO4+2HNO33Fe2(SO4)3+4H2O+2NO
FeSO4+NO+H2O[Fe(NO)(H2O)5]so4
and added Conc:H2SO4
along the sides of the test
tube
Systematic analysis of basic radical (Cations)
Analysis of basic radical
(cation)

1. Heat a pinch of salt No ammonia gas is NH4+ absent(group 0)

with NaOH solution evolved
Preparation of original
solution

Shake the salt with water Solution obtained Labelled as original solution (OS)
2. To a little of the O.S No precipitate formed Group I absent
add 1ml dil HCl
3. To the above solution No precipitate Group II absent
passed H2S gas
4. To a little of the O.S No precipitate Group III absent
solid NH4Cl and excess of
NH4OH is added
5. To the above solution No precipitate Group IV absent
pass H2S gas
6. To a little of the O.S, white precipitate formed Presence of Group V
solid NH4Cl and excess of (Ca2+, Ba2+ or Sr2+)
NH4OH and (NH4)2CO3 Sr2++(NH4)2CO3SrCO3+2NH4+
solution added
Confirmatory test for
Group V (Ba2+ , Sr2+ or
Ca2+)
To a little of the salt No yellow precipitate Absence of Ba2+
solution add potassium
chromate solution

To a little of the original

solution add ammonium white precipitate Presence of Sr2+ confirmed
sulphate solution Sr2++(NH4)2SO4SrSO4 +2NH4+

Flame Test:
To a little of salt add Crimson red flame Presence of Sr2+ confirmed
Conc.HCl in a watch glass
and the paste is shown to
flame with the help of
glass rod
Result:
The given salt contains

Acid radical (Anion):

Nitrate (NO3-)

Basic radical (cation):

Strontium(Sr2+)

Salt NO: 7 Magnesium sulphate

Experiment Observation Inference

Colour: Colour of the salt is Colourless Absence of Cu2+, Fe2+, Ni2+
noted
Odour: The smell of the salt is No specific odour Absence of CH3COO—or NH4+
noted
Flame Test:
To a little of the salt add
Conc:HCl in a watch glass and No characteristic flame Absence of Ba2+,Ca2+,Sr2+
show the paste to the flame
with the help of glass rod
Dry heating test:
A little of the salt is heated in White residue glow on Ba2+,,Sr2+,Ca2+,Mg2+ indicated
a dry test tube heating
4. Ash Test:
To a little of the salt, cobalt Pink coloured ash is formed Presence of Mg2+
nitrate solution and Conc:
HNO3 is added. Dip a filter
paper and burn it to ash
Dil: sulphuric acid test:
A little of the salt is treated No gas evolved Absence of CO32--, SO32-,NO2-
with dil H2SO4
KMnO4 test:
To a little of the salt, dil: Pink colour of KMnO4 was not Absence of Cl-,Br-,I-
H2SO4 is added warmed and discharged
then a drop of KMnO4
solution is added
Conc: H2SO4 test:
A little of the salt is treated No characteristic observations Absence of CH3COO-,Cl-,Br-,
with Conc: H2SO4 and heated NO3-
Test for Nitrate:
A little of the salt is treated No brown fumes Absence of NO3-
with conc. H2SO4 and a paper
ball is added to it
Test for Sulphate:
A little of salt solution is white precipitate Presence of sulphate (SO42-)
added with BaCl2 solution

Test for Phosphate:

A little of salt solution is No yellow precipitate Absence of Phosphate PO43—
treated with Conc: HNO3 and
ammonium molybdate
solution
Confirmatory test for
sulphate (SO42-) Presence of sulphate
Lead acetate test A white precipitate is formed confirmed
To a little of the salt solution
add lead acetate solution SO42- +Pb(CH3COO)2PbSO4
+2CH3COONa

Systematic analysis of basic radical (Cations)

Analysis of basic radical
(cation)

1. Heat a pinch of salt with No ammonia gas is evolved NH4+ absent(group 0)

NaOH solution
Preparation of original
solution

Shake the salt with water Solution obtained Labelled as original solution
(OS)
2. To a little of the O.S add No precipitate formed Group I absent
1ml dil HCl
3. To the above solution No precipitate Group II absent
passed H2S gas
4. To a little of the O.S ,solid No precipitate Group III absent
NH4Cl and excess of NH4OH is
added
5. To the above solution pass No precipitate Group IV absent
H2S gas
6. To a little of the O.S, solid No white precipitate formed Absence of Group V
NH4Cl and excess of NH4OH
and (NH4)2CO3 solution added
7.To a little of the salt solution
added NH4Cl and excess of A white precipitate formed Presence of group VI (Mg2+)
NH4OH and sodium hydrogen
phosphate
Confirmatory test for
Magnesium
To the O.S added ammonium A white precipitate formed Presence of Mg2+ confirmed
hydroxide and
ammonium phosphate

Ash Test:
To a little of the salt, cobalt Pink coloured ash is formed Presence of Mg2+ confirmed
nitrate and Conc: HNO3 is
added. Dip a filter paper and
burn it to ash
Result:
The given salt contains

Acid radical (Anion):

Sulphate (SO42-)

Basic radical (cation):

Magnesium(Mg 2+)

Salt NO: 8 Ammonium carbonate

Experiment Observation Inference
Colour: Colour of the salt is Colourless Absence of Cu2+, Fe2+, Ni2+
noted
Odour: The smell of the salt Ammonia smell Presence of NH4+
is noted
Flame Test:
To a little of the salt add
Conc:HCl in a watch glass and No characteristic flame Absence of Ca2+,Sr2+,Ba2+
show the paste to the flame
with the help of glass rod
Dry heating test: Ammonia gas formed gives
A little of the salt is heated in white fumes with glass rod Presence of NH4+
a dry test tube dipped in dil:HCl shown to
mouth of the test tube
4. Ash Test:
To a little of the salt, cobalt No characteristic ash is Absence of Al3+,Zn2+,Mg2+
nitrate and Conc: HNO3 is formed
added. Dip a filter paper and
burn it to ash
Dil: sulphuric acid test:
A little of the salt is treated A colourless gas evolved with Presence of Carbonate (CO32--)
with dil: H2SO4 brisk effervescence
KMnO4 test:
To a little of the salt, dil: Pink colour of KMnO4 was Absence of Cl-,Br-,I-
H2SO4 is added warmed and not discharged
then a drop of KMnO4
solution is added
Test for Nitrate:
A little of the salt is treated No brown fumes Absence of NO3-
with conc. H2SO4 and a paper
ball is added to it
Test for Sulphate:
A little of salt solution is No white precipitate Absence of SO42-
added with BaCl2 solution
Test for Phosphate:
A little of salt solution is
treated with Conc: HNO3 and No yellow precipitate Absence of Phosphate PO43—
ammonium molybdate
solution
Confirmatory test for
Carbonate (CO32-) Presence of carbonate
To a little of the salt solution White precipitate confirmed
magnesium sulphate solution CO32- +MgSO4MgCO3 +SO42-
was added
Systematic analysis of basic radical (Cations)
Analysis of basic radical
(cation)

1. Heat a pinch of salt with Ammonia gas is evolved NH4+ present(group 0)

NaOH solution
Confirmatory test for
Ammonium
Nesslers reagent test
To a little of the salt solution
add few drops of Nesslers
reagent and NaOH
which fumes with glass rod
dipped in dil HCl
Reddish brown precipitate
was obtained
NH4Cl +NaOHNaCl +H2O +NH3
NH3 +HClNH4Cl
Presence of NH4+ confirmed
2K2[HgI4]+NH3+3KOH
NH2.HgO.HgI+7KI+2H2O
(Brown ppt)
Result:
The given salt contains
Acid radical (Anion):
Carbonate (CO32-)
Basic radical (cation):
Ammonium(NH4+)