SURYADATTA NATIONAL SCHOOL

A.Y. 2023- 24
STANDARD XI CHEMISTRY JOURNAL

INDEX
EXPT TITLE OF EXPERIMENT DAT PAGE
NO E NO
20 To identify the acid and basic radicals present in the given salt.
Acidic radical is Cl- and Basic radical is Al3+
21 To identify the acid and basic radicals present in the given salt.
Acidic radical is CO32- and Basic radical is Ni2+

EXPERIMENT NO 20
AIM : To identify the acid and basic radicals present in the given salt.

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

(I) Preliminary Tests White or Colurless Al3+ May be present
a) Colour
b) Odour No Characteristics odour NH4+ or CH3COO- may be
absent
c) Nature Non Deliquescence Chlorides, nitrates of Cu2+,
Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Cr3+ etc.
may be present
d) state crystalline Water soluble salts
containing Na , K , NH4 , Cl-,
+ + +

Br-, I-, NO3-, SO42- etc. may be

present
(II) Dry Heating Test
Heat a small amount of salt Colorless residue Transition metals may be
in a dry test tube. absent
DRY TESTS FOR ANION
Idenification of Acid radical
(a) Dil. H2SO4 Test :
Take a small amount of salt CO32- , SO3-2, NO2-1, S-2 and
in dry test tube. Add 1-2 ml No characteristics reaction acetate ion (CH3COO-1) may
of dil. H2SO4 in it. be absent.
 (b) Conc. H2SO4 Test :
Take a small amount of salt Colourless pungent gas Cl- may be present.
in dry test tube. Add 1-2 ml evolved. Forms dense white
of conc. in it and heat. fumes when a glass rod
dipped in NH4OH is brought
near the mouth of the test
tube
2 drops of OS + 2 drops of Curdy white pale yellow ppt Cl-, Br-, I- present
AgNO3 insoluble in HNO3
(V) Confirmation of Acid
radical : Yellowish green gas which
-
a) 2 drops OS + MnO2 + 2 turns moist starch iodide Cl confirmed
drops conc. H2SO4 paper blue

b) 2 drops OS + 2 drops lead White ppt soluble in hot Cl- confirmed

acetate water

PREPRATION OF ORIGINAL SOLUTION (O.S.)

One spoon salt + 2 test tube D/W, Stir well, heat it if necessary till the salt completely dissoves.
Use this solution as OS.

WET TESTS FOR CATION

Divided into 3 parts

1. Detection of group
2. Group analysis
3. Confirmatory test

Use only 1ml of OS for each tests.

(VI) Identification of basic

radical :

Take OS + NaOH in clean dry No characteristics smell and

test tube and heat. Bring a dense white fumes of Zero group absent
glass rod dipped in HCl near NH4OH
the mouth of the test tube
OS + dil HCl No ppt Group I absent.
OS + dil HCl + pass H2S gas No ppt Group II absent
OS + solid NH4Cl + NH4OH in Gelatinous white ppt is Group III present
excess formed Al3+ may be present
(VI) Confirmation test for
cation :
OS + NaOH solution White ppt Al3+ confirmed

RESULT :

1) Acidic radical = Cl-

2) Basic radical = Al3+
3) The given salt is Aluminium Chloride [AlCl3]

EXPERIMENT NO 21

AIM : To identify the acid and basic radicals present in the given salt.

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Preliminary Tests May be Ni may be present
2+

Colour Green
Odour No characteristic odour NH4+ or CH3COO- may be absent
state crystalline Water soluble salts containing
Na+, K+, NH4+, Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-, SO42-
etc. may be present
Dry Heating Test Cu2+, Ni2+, Cr3+ , Fe2+ may be
Heat a small amount of salt Coloured residue present
in a dry test tube.
DRY TESTS FOR ANION
Idenification of Acid radical Brisk effervescence CO32- present
Dil. H2SO4 Test :
Take a small amount of salt
in dry test tube. Add 1-2 ml
of dil. H2SO4in it.

Conc. H2SO4 Test : No characteristics Halides, CH3COO-, NO3- may be

Take a small amount of salt reaction absent.
in dry test tube. Add 1-2 ml
of conc. in it and heat.
Confirmation of Acid
radical :
White ppt soluble in dil. CO32- confirmed
2 drops of OS + Ba(NO3)2 HNO3
solution.

PREPRATION OF ORIGINAL SOLUTION (O.S.)

1g of salt + 5ml of distilled water, Stir well, heat it if necessary till the salt completely dissoves.
Use this solution as OS.

Group detection
Take OS + NaOH in clean dry No characteristics smell and
test tube and heat. Bring a dense white fumes of Zero group absent
glass rod dipped in HCl near NH4OH
the mouth of the test tube
OS + dilHCl No white ppt Group I absent.
OS + dilHCl + pass H2S gas No ppt is formed Group II absent
OS + solid NH4Cl + NH4OH in No ppt Group III absent
excess
OS + solid NH4Cl + NH4OH in Black ppt Group IV present
excess+ pass H2S gas

Confirmation test for cation

:
OS + solution of dimethyl bright cherry red color ppt Ni2+ present and confirmed
glyoxime

RESULT :

4) Acidic radical = CO32-

5) Basic radical = Ni2+

The given salt is Nickel Carbonate NiCO3