SURYADATTA NATIONAL SCHOOL

A.Y. 2022- 23
STANDARD XII CHEMISTRY JOURNAL

INDEX
EXPT TITLE OF EXPERIMENT DAT PAGE
NO E NO
15 To identify the acid and basic radicals present in the given salt.
Acidic radical is SO42- and Basic radical is NH4+
16 To identify the acid and basic radicals present in the given salt.
Acidic radical is SO42- and Basic radical is Mg2+
17 To identify the acid and basic radicals present in the given salt.
Acidic radical is Cl- and Basic radical is Fe3+

EXPERIMENT NO 15
AIM : To identify the acid and basic radicals present in the given salt.

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Preliminary Tests
(I) Colour White or colourless May be Ca2+, Zn2+, Al3+Ba2+,
Mg2+, Pb2+, NH4+ may be present
(II) Odour Pungent smell of NH4+ may be absent
ammonia
(III) Nature Non Deliquescence Chlorides, nitrates of Cu2+, Ni2+,
Zn2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Cr3+ etc. may
be present
(IV) state crystalline Water soluble salts containing
Na+, K+, NH4+, Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-,
SO42-etc. may be present
Dry Heating Test
Heat a small amount of salt in (i)formation of white NH4+may be present.
a dry test tube. sublimate
(ii)CO2 gas evolved CO32-, C2O4- may be present
turns lime water milky
DRY TESTS FOR ANION
Idenification of Acid radical
Dil. H2SO4 Test :
Take a small amount of salt
in dry test tube. Add 1-2 ml No effervescence CO32- may be absent.
of dil. H2SO4in it.
Conc. H2SO4 Test :
Take a small amount of salt No characteristics Halides, CH3COO-, NO3- may be
in dry test tube. Add 1-2 ml reaction absent.
of conc. in it and heat.

Test for SO42-

Take Salt solution in a clean A white ppt is formed SO42-May be present
test tube, add 1-2 ml of BaCl 2
solution.

Confirmation of Acid
radical :
(a) To the above ppt., add The ppt. is insoluble SO42- confirmed
conc. HCl or conc. HNO3

(b)Take salt solution, add A white ppt is formed SO42-May be present

lead acetate solution.
To the above ppt., add
ammonium acetate solution The ppt. is dissolved SO42- confirmed
in excess.

PREPRATION OF ORIGINAL SOLUTION (O.S.)

One spoon salt + 2 test tube D/W, Stir well, heat it if necessary till the salt completely dissoves.
Use this solution as OS.

WET TESTS FOR CATION

Divided into 3 parts

1. Detection of group
2. Group analysis
3. Confirmatory test

Use only 1ml of OS for each tests.

(VI) Group detection

Take OS + NaOH in clean smellof NH3 and dense

dry test tube and heat. Bring white fumes of NH4Cl are Zero group present
a glass rod dipped in HCl formed.
near the mouth of the test
tube
(VII) Group Analysis
Salt + NaOH and heat and Moist turmeric paper turns NH4+present
hold the moist turmeric red/brown.
paper in fumes coming out
from the test tube

Confirmatory test
(i)OS + 4 drops of Nessler’s
reagent
(ii) OS + picric acid
Rub with glass rod
Reddish brown ppt is NH4+is confirmed
formed
Yellow ppt of ammonium NH4+is confirmed
picrate

RESULT :

1) Acidic radical = SO42- (Sulphate)

2) Basic radical = NH4+ (Ammonium)

The given salt is Ammonium Carbonate[(NH4)2SO4]

EXPERIMENT NO 16

AIM : To identify the acid and basic radicals present in the given salt.

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Preliminary Tests
(V) Colour Blue or bluish green May be Cu2+, Ni2+, Cr3+present
(VI) Odour No characteristic odour NH4+ or CH3COO- may be absent
(VII) Nature Deliquescence Chlorides, nitrates of Cu2+, Ni2+,
Zn2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Cr3+ etc. may be
present
(VIII) state crystalline Water soluble salts containing
Na+, K+, NH4+, Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-, SO42-
etc. may be present
Dry Heating Test
Heat a small amount of salt (i)Salt become black on May be Co2+, Cu2+, Mn2+ may be
in a dry test tube. heating. present.
 (ii)Colour residue Cu2+, Ni2+, Cr3+ , Fe2+ may be
present
DRY TESTS FOR ANION
Idenification of Acid radical
(a) Dil. H2SO4 Test :
Take a small amount of salt 2- -2 - -2
in dry test tube. Add 1-2 ml No evolution of gas of CO3 , SO3 , -1NO2 , S and acetate
of dil. H2SO4in it. any gas ion (CH3COO ) may be absent.

(b) Conc. H2SO4 Test :

Take a small amount of salt No characteristics Halides, CH3COO-, NO3- may be
in dry test tube. Add 1-2 ml reaction absent.
of conc. in it and heat.
Test for SO42-
Take Salt solution in a clean A white ppt is formed SO42-May be present
test tube, add 1-2 ml of
BaCl2 solution.

Confirmation of Acid
radical :
(a) To the above ppt., add The ppt. is insoluble SO42- confirmed
conc. HCl or conc. HNO3

(b)Take salt solution, add A white ppt is formed SO42-May be present

lead acetate solution.
To the above ppt., add
ammonium acetate solution The ppt. is dissolved SO42- confirmed
in excess.

PREPRATION OF ORIGINAL SOLUTION (O.S.)

One spoon salt + 2 test tube D/W, Stir well, heat it if necessary till the salt completely dissoves.
Use this solution as OS.

WET TESTS FOR CATION

Divided into 3 parts

Detection of group

Group analysis
Confirmatory test

Use only 1ml of OS for each tests.

(VI) Group detection

Take OS + NaOH in clean dry No characteristics smell and

test tube and heat. Bring a dense white fumes of Zero group absent
glass rod dipped in HCl near NH4OH
the mouth of the test tube
OS + dilHCl No white ppt Group I absent.
OS + dilHCl + pass H2S gas No ppt is formed Group II absent
OS + solid NH4Cl + NH4OH in No ppt Group III absent
excess
OS + solid NH4Cl + NH4OH in No ppt Group IV absent
excess+ pass H2S gas
OS + solid NH4Cl + NH4OH in No ppt Group V absent
excess +
OS + solid NH4Cl + NH4OH in White ppt Group VI present
excess+

(VI) Confirmation test for

cation :
Divide solution into 2 parts
a)1 part of solution + 3-4
drops of dil. Sodium White ppt. Mg2+ confirmed.
hydrogen phosphate or
diammonium hydrogen
phosphate.
b)2nd part of solution + 2 Reddish brown colour Mg2+ confirmed.
drops of hypoiodite solution
(KI + NaOH+iodine solution)

RESULT :

3) Acidic radical = SO42-

4) Basic radical = Mg2+

The given salt is Magnesium Sulphate[MgSO4]

EXPERIMENT NO 17
AIM : To identify the acid and basic radicals present in the given salt.

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Preliminary Tests Dark brown or yellowish Fe3+ May be present
a) Colour brown
b) Odour No Characteristics odour NH4+ or CH3COO- may be
absent
c) Nature Non Deliquescence Chlorides, nitrates of Cu2+,
Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Cr3+ etc.
may be present
d) state crystalline Water soluble salts
containing Na , K , NH4 , Cl-,
+ + +

Br-, I-, NO3-, SO42-etc. may be

present
Dry Heating Test
Heat a small amount of salt Coloured residue Cu2+, Ni2+, Cr3+ , Fe2+ may be
in a dry test tube. present
DRY TESTS FOR ANION
Idenification of Acid radical
(a) Dil. H2SO4 Test :
Take a small amount of salt CO32- , SO3-2, NO2-1, S-2 and
in dry test tube. Add 1-2 ml No characteristics reaction acetate ion (CH3COO-1) may
of dil. H2SO4in it. be absent.

(b) Conc. H2SO4 Test :

Take a small amount of salt Colourless pungent gas Cl- may be present.
in dry test tube. Add 1-2 ml evolved. Forms dense white
of conc. in it and heat. fumes when a glass rod
dipped in NH4OH is brought
near the mouth of the test
tube
2 drops of OS + 2 drops of Curdy white pale yellow ppt Cl-, Br-, I- present
AgNO3 insoluble in HNO3
Confirmation of Acid
radical : Yellowish green gas which
-
a) 2 drops OS + MnO2 + 2 turns moist starch iodide Cl confirmed
drops conc. H2SO4 paper blue

b) 2 drops OS + 2 drops lead White ppt soluble in hot Cl- confirmed

acetate water

PREPRATION OF ORIGINAL SOLUTION (O.S.)

One spoon salt + 2 test tube D/W, Stir well, heat it if necessary till the salt completely dissoves.
Use this solution as OS.

WET TESTS FOR CATION

Divided into 3 parts

4. Detection of group
5. Group analysis
6. Confirmatory test

Use only 1ml of OS for each tests.

Identification of basic
radical :

Take OS + NaOH in clean dry No characteristics smell and

test tube and heat. Bring a dense white fumes of Zero group absent
glass rod dipped in HCl near NH4OH
the mouth of the test tube
OS + dilHCl No ppt Group I absent.
OS + dilHCl + pass H2S gas No ppt Group II absent
OS + solid NH4Cl + NH4OH in Reddish brown ppt is Group III present
excess formed

Confirmation test for cation

:
Dissolve the ppt in dil. HCl
Divide into 2 parts
a) Potassium
ferrocyanide test :
1 part of solution + 2 drops Blue ppt or colour Fe 3+ confirmed.
of potassium ferrocyanide
K4[Fe(CN)6]

b) Potassium
sulphocyanide/
thiocyanate test : Red colour Fe 3+ confirmed.
1 part of solution + 2 drops
of potassium sulphocyanide
or potassium thiocyanate
RESULT :

5) Acidic radical = Cl- (Chloride)

6) Basic radical = Fe3+ (Ferric)

The given salt is FerricChloride[FeCl3]