Test for Acidic Radicals (ANIONS)

EXPERIMENT-1
Dil. H2SO4 GROUP
AIM- To detect the presence of an anion in the given salt.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
CO3-2 ( CARBONATE)
Salt + Dil H2SO4 ―» Effervescence of CO2 CO32- may be
gas evolves present
(1) Collect CO2 gas and Lime Water Turns CO32-confirmed
add Lime Water Milky
(2)Salt + water+ MgSO4 White ppt of Mg CO3 CO32- confirmed

Chemical Reactions-
CO32- + 2H2SO4 CO2+ 2H2O +2SO4 2-
Ca(OH) 2 + CO2  CaCO3 (milky)+ H2O
Na2CO 3+ MgSO4 MgCO3 + Na2SO4
RESULT- The given salt contains CO3-2 (carbonate ion )

EXPERIMENT-2
Dil. H2SO4 GROUP
AIM- To detect the presence of an anion in the given salt.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
NO2- (NITRITE)
(1)Salt + dil. H2SO4 Brown gas of NO2 NO2- may be present
(2)Keep wet starch iodide Turns starch iodide NO2- may be present
paper on the mouth of test paper blue because of
tube immediately I2 complex.

(3)Add solid FeSO4 to the Black colour NO2- Confirmed

above solution of FeSO4.NO
(4)Salt + NaNO2+ Blood red
CH3COOH + Thiourea + colouration Fe(CNS)3
FeCl3
Chemical Reactions-
6NaNO2 +2H2SO4  3Na2SO4 + H2O+ NO + NO2
FeSO4 + NO FeSO4.NO (black brown)
RESULT- The given salt contains NO2- (nitrite ion )

EXPERIMENT-3
Dil. H2SO4 GROUP
AIM- To detect the presence of an anion in the given salt.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
S-2(SULPHIDE)
(1)Salt+ Dil. H2SO4 Smell of rotten egg S2- may be present
due to formation of
H2S gas
(2)Salt + Dil. H2SO4 Violet colour of S2- confirmed
+ Sodium nitroprusside Na 4 [Fe(CN)5NOS]
Na2 [Fe(CN)5NO]
(3)Salt + Acetic acid Black ppt. of PbS S2- confirmed
+Lead Acetate

Chemical Reactions-
Na2S + Na2 [Fe(CN)5NO]  Na4 [Fe(CN)5NOS](violet)
Pb(CH3COO)2 + Na2S  PbS( Black ppt) + 2CH3COONa

RESULT- The given salt contains S2- (sulphide ion )

 EXPERIMENT-4
Dil. H2SO4 GROUP
AIM- To detect the presence of an anion in the given salt.
EXPERIMENT EXPERIMENT EXPERIMENT
SO32- (SULPHITE)
(1)Salt + Dil H2SO4 Suffocating smell due SO32-may be present
to evolution of SO2
gas.
(2)Add K2Cr2O7 Solution Orange colour turns SO32- Confirmed
to the above solution green
(3)Salt +Dil HCl + BaCl2 White ppt. of BaSO4 SO32- Confirmed
(4) Salt + Dil H2SO4 + Pink colour of SO32- Confirmed
KMnO4 KMnO4 Discharges
Chemical Reactions-
Na2SO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O + SO2(gas)
K2Cr2O7(orange)+ H2SO4+3SO2  K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 (green)+ H2O
2KMnO4 + 2H2SO4 + SO2 K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 2H2O + 2O2

RESULT- The given salt contains SO3-2 (sulphite ion )

EXPERIMENT-5
Conc. H2SO4 GROUP
AIM- To detect the presence of an anion in the given salt.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Chloride Cl-
(1) Salt + Conc. H2SO4 White fumes of HCl Cl- may be present
with pungent smell
(2)Add solid MnO2 in the Greenish yellow Cl2 Cl- Confirmed
above solution gas evolved

(3) Salt + Dil. HNO3 White Ppt. of AgCl Cl- Confirmed

 +AgNO3 soluble in NH4OH
Chemical Reactions-
Cl- + H2SO4  HCl + HSO4-
2 NaCl + MnO2 + 3H2SO4 2 NaHSO4 + MnSO4 + 2H2O + Cl2
Cl- + AgNO3  AgCl + NO3-
RESULT- The given salt contains Cl- (chloride ion )

EXPERIMENT-6
Conc. H2SO4 GROUP
AIM- To detect the presence of an anion in the given salt.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Bromide Br-
(1)Salt + Conc. H2SO4 Red fumes Br- may be present
+ heat
(2) Add MnO2 to Dense Yellow fumes Br- Confirmed
above solution
(3)Salt + Dil. HNO3 + Pale yellow ppt. Br- Confirmed
AgNO3 partially soluble in
NH4OH
Chemical Reactions-
2NaBr + 2H2SO4  2NaHSO4 + H2O + Br2
NaBr + AgNO3  NaNO3 + AgBr
2NaBr + MnO2 + 3H2SO4 NaHSO4 + MnSO4 + 2H2O + Br2
RESULT- The given salt contains Br- (bromide ion )

EXPERIMENT-7
Conc. H2SO4 GROUP
AIM- To detect the presence of an anion in the given salt.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
(IODIDE) I-
 (1)Salt + Conc. H2SO4 Violet fumes I- may be present
(2)add MnO2 to the More violet vapours I- confirmed
above solution
(3)Salt + Dil. HNO3 + Yellow ppt. insoluble I- confirmed
AgNO3 in NH4OH
Chemical Reactions-
2NaI + 2H2SO42NaHSO4 + H2O + I2
2NaI + MnO2 + 3H2SO4 KHSO4 + MnSO4 + 2H2O + I2
RESULT- The given salt contains I- (iodide ion )

EXPERIMENT-8
Conc. H2SO4 GROUP
AIM- To detect the presence of an anion in the given salt.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
(NITRATE) NO3-
(1)Salt + Conc. H2SO4 Dark brown gas NO3- may be present
+ Cu turning & heat evolved
(2)Ring test:- NO3- confirmed
Take salt and water in Brown ring of
one test tube + Take [Fe(H2O)5NO]SO4 NO3- confirmed
FeSO4 and water in formed
another test tube +
add conc H2SO4 along
the side of the test tube.
(3)Salt + Diphenylamine Dark blue colour NO3- confirmed
reagent

Chemical Reactions-
KNO3 + H2SO4 + Cu(turning) Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O +K2SO4
KNO3 + 3H2SO4 + 2HNO3  3Fe2(SO4)3 + 4H2O + 2NO
FeSO4 + NO + 5H2O  [Fe(NO)(H2O)5]SO4( Brown ring)
RESULT- The given salt contains NO3- (nitrate ion )

EXPERIMENT-9
Conc. H2SO4 GROUP
AIM- To detect the presence of an anion in the given salt.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
C2O42- (Oxalate)
(1) Salt + conc H2SO4 CO2 & CO gas C2O42- may be
evolved(CO2 turns present
lime water milky)
(2) Salt + Dil H2SO4 + Pink colour of C2O42- Confirmed
KMnO4 KMnO4 will
decolourises
(3) Salt + acetic acid + C2O42- Confirmed
(boil) + Calcium White ppt
Chloride
Chemical Reactions-
5(COOH)2 + 3H2SO4 + 2KMnO4 K2SO4 + MnSO4 + 8H2O + 10CO2
(NH4)2C2O4 + CaCl2 CaC2O4 + NH4Cl
RESULT- The given salt contains C2O42- (oxalate ion )

EXPERIMENT-10
Conc. H2SO4 GROUP
AIM- To detect the presence of an anion in the given salt.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
CH3COO - (ACETATE
ion)
(1)Salt + con. H2SO4 & Vinegar smell CH3COO-
warm may be present
(2) On a watch glass Vinegar smell CH3COO-
take Salt + Oxalic may be present
acid(s) + one drop
water. Rub & smell
(3)Salt + FeCl3+ warm Red colour of CH3COO-
(CH3COO) 3Fe confirmed
(4)Ester Test-
Salt + ethyl alcohol + Fruity smell CH3COO-
Conc. H2SO4 (Warm in confirmed
water bath)
Pour the mixture in a
beaker half filled with
water.
Chemical Reactions-
FeCl3+3CH3COONa  3NaCl +(CH3COO)3Fe
+
CH3COONa + C2H5OH H CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

RESULT- The given salt contains CH3COO- (acetate ion )

SPECIAL GROUP

EXPERIMENT-11
AIM- To detect the presence of an anion in the given salt.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
SO42- (SULPHATE)
(1)Salt + Dil HCl + white ppt SO42- confirmed
BaCl2 Insoluble in conc. HNO3
(2) Salt + acetic acid + White ppt. SO42- confirmed
lead acetate
Chemical Reactions-
Na2SO4 + BaCl2  BaSO4 +2NaCl
Na2SO4 + Pb(CH3COO)2 PbSO4 +2CH3COONa
RESULT- The given salt contains SO4-2 (sulphate ion )

EXPERIMENT-12
AIM- To detect the presence of an anion in the given salt.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
(PHOSPHATE) PO4 3-
(1)Salt + Conc. HNO3 + Canary Yellow ppt PO4 3- confirmed
Ammonium molybdate
+ Boil
(2) Salt+ Water + Cobalt Violet ppt PO4 3- confirmed
Nitrate & add Acetic Violet ppt soluble
acid or dil H2SO4
Chemical Reactions-
K3PO4 + 3(NH4)2MoO4  2(NH4)3PO4.12MoO3
PO4 3- Co(NO3)2  Co(PO4)2 + 6NO3-
Co(PO4)2 + 6CH3COOH  (CH3COO)2CO + 2H3PO4

RESULT- The given salt contains PO4 3- (phosphate ion )