1

Aim -Determination of one cation and one anion in a given salt.

Apparatus – Test tube , test tube holder, test tube stand, Burner, wire gauze , dropper
Observation Table

Experiment Observation Inference

A) Physical White Pb2+,Ba2+,Al3+,Zn2+,Cu2+
Examination may be present.
1)Colour
2)Smell -Take a Odourless NH4 , S2– and CH3COO–
pinch of the Salt in may be absent.
between fingers and
rub it with a drop of
water
3. Dry heating test -
Heated a pinch of the salt in
a dry test tube
observations :
(a) Gas evolved A reddish brown gas evolved NO3– may be present.
which turned freshly prepared
FeSO4 solution black.

(b) Sublimation No sublimate formed. Ammonium halides,

aluminium chloride,
iodide may be absent.

(c) Decrepitation crackling sound observed. Lead nitrate, barium

nitrate, sodium chloride,
may be present.

(d) Colour of the residue Brown when hot and yellow Pb2+ indicated
when cold

B) Identification of Acidic Radicals

Experiment Observation Inference

Salt +1-2ml of dil. H2SO4 No gas evolved Co32-, NO2- , SO32- are absent

Salt + 1-2 ml of conc. H2SO4 Reddish brown gas turns No3- may be present
+warm FeSO4 solution black
salt + dil. H2SO4+ warm + Drop No discharge of Pink Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3- , C2O42- are
of KMnO4 Sol. colour of KMnO4 absent
 C) Confirmatory test for Acidic Radicals

Experiment Observation Inference

Salt + Conc. H2SO4 + Cu Chips + Reddish brown gas turns NO3- is Confirmed
Heat FeSO4 solution black
O.S. + FeSO4 + Conc. H2SO4 by Dark brown ring NO3- is confirmed
sides of test tube

D) Identification of Basic Radicals

Dissolve the salt with water (OS)

Experiment Observation Inference

O.S. + NaOH No Ammonical Smell Zero group absent
O.S. + dil. HCl White precipitate Group I present
Pb2+may be present

E) Confirmatory test for Basic Radicals

Boil white precipitate with Distilled water and divide the solution in two part

Experiment Observation Inference

Part 1 + KI solution Yellow precipitate formed Pb2+ Confirmed

Part 2+ 1-2 drops of K2CrO4 Yellow precipitate formed Pb2+ Confirmed

solution

Result – The given salt contain

Acidic Radical – No3-
Basic Radical – Pb2+
Formula of the salt- Pb(NO3)2
Name of the salt- Lead Nitrate

Precautions-
1) Use minimum quantity of reagent while preparing
2) For dilution always pour acid into water.