SALT ANALYSIS : (GR III SALT)

1.AIM: IDENTIFICATION OF ACID AND BASIC RADICALS PRESENT IN THE GIVEN SAMPLE.
2.PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
Colour-White, Odour: odourless
State: crystalline, Solubility: soluble in water
(B) DRY TESTS FOR ACID RADICALS:-
S.No Experiment Observation Inference
i Dilute sulphuric acid test – To a pinch of salt No brisk effervescence CO3 2- absent
taken in a dry test tube, 1-2 ml of dil. H2SO4 was No gas with smell of SO3 2- absent
added. burning sulphur
No gas with rotten egg S 2- absent
smell
No reddish brown gas NO2- absent
ii Oxalic acid test- To a pinch of the salt taken on No smell of vinegar CH3COO- absent
a watch glass, oxalic acid crystals and few drops
of water were added to make a paste.
iii MnO2 test- To a pinch of the salt taken in a dry No greenish yellow gas Cl- absent
test tube with equal amount of MnO2,1-2ml with pungent smell
conc. H2SO4 was added and heated. No reddish brown Br- absent
vapours
No deep violet vapours I - absent
iv Copper turning test- To a pinch of salt taken in No dark brown gas NO3 - absent
a dry test tube, 1-2 ml conc. H2SO4 was added evolved
and heated. Now a few copper turnings were
added.
(C) WET TEST FOR CONFIRMATION OF ACID RADICAL:-

(i) Preparation of original solution- A little amount of salt was taken in a clean dry test tube to which 5 ml distilled water
was added. The test tube was shaken till the salt dissolved and a clear solution was obtained. This solution is labeled as
original solution (o.s)
(ii) Test for SO4 2-
Experiment Observation Inference
(i) BaCl2 test: To a part of the os, 1-2 ml BaCl2 Thick white precipitation Presence of
solution was added. insoluble in mineral acids sulphate radical is
confirmed
(ii) Lead acetate test: To the os few drops of acetic acid Thick white precipitation Presence of
and lead acetate solution were added. insoluble in mineral acids sulphate radical is
confirmed
CHEMICAL REACTIONS INVOLVED:-
(i)SO42- (aq) + BaCl2 (aq) → BaSO4(white ppt, insoluble in mineral acids) + 2Cl-
(ii) SO42-(aq)+ Pb(CH3COO)2 (aq)→PbSO4(white ppt,insoluble in mineral acids)+2CH3COO-
(D) DRY TESTS FOR DETECTION OF BASIC RADICALS:-

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

(i) NaOH bead test-To a pinch of salt taken in a dry No ammoniacal smell Ammonium radical
test tube, 1or2 pellets of NaOH was added and is absent
heated
(ii) Flame test-A paste of salt with conc HCl was No characteristic flame Pb2+ , Zn2+, ,Ca2+ ,
 placed on the loop of a clean platinum wire and colouration Sr2+ , Ba2+ radicals
introduced to the non-luminous flame. are absent
(E) TEST FOR GROUP ZERO:-

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1. Nessler's reagent test- To the os Nessler's No reddish-brown ppt. Ammonium radical
reagent is added. or colouration obtained is absent
(F) GROUP ANALYSIS:

To the aqueous solution of the sample 1 ml of dil HCl is added.

No H2S gas is passed through the above acidified solution.

white
To the aqueous solution of the sample, solid NH4Cl followed by NH4OH
ppt.
No ppt. solution is added till excess.
Gr. 1
Gr. 2 basic
basic White ppt.
radical is
radical Gr. 3 basic radical
absent
is present.
absent May be Al3+.

(G) CONFIRMATORY TEST:-

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Lake test: To the os, a few A blue ppt suspended in a Presence of aluminium
drops of blue litmus solution colourless medium radical(Al3+) is confirmed
and excess NH4OH solution are
added
(H) CHEMICAL EQUATIONS INVOLVED:( i) Al2(SO4)3 + 6NH4OH → 3(NH4)2SO4 + 2Al(OH)3 (White ppt)

(ii) Lake test: Al2(SO4)3 + 6NH4OH → 3(NH4)2SO4 + 2Al(OH)3 (White ppt)

( blue colour of litmus adsorbs on this ppt)
(I)RESULT:

Acid radical present: Sulphate (SO42-)

Basic radical present: Aluminium (Al3+)
Salt identified: Aluminium sulphate [ Al2(SO4)3]