Aim: Detection of Aromatic Primary Amine

Procedure and Observations:

Experiment Observation Inference

Test for unsaturation: No decolourisation of brown colour Given compound is not unsaturated
2. Bromine water Test: of bromine
Dissolve organice compound
in CCl4 and add bromine
water drop wise.
Test for alcoholic group: No brisk effervescence is observed Alcoholic group is absent
3. Sodium metal test:
A small piece of sodium metal
added to organic compound in
a dry test tube.
4. Ceric Ammonium nitrate Solution not changed to red / pink Alcoholic group is absent.
test: To small amount of colour.
organic compound add ceric
ammonium nitrate solution.
Test for Phenolic group: It remains blue Phenolic and carboxylic group is absent.
5. Litmus test: Placed a drop
of organic compound on blue
litmus paper.

6. Ferric Chloride Test: To No Violet or green colour is formed Phenolic group is absent.
aqueous solution of compound
add 4 – 5 drops of freshly
prepared neutral FeCl3
solution.
Test for Carboxylic group: 7. No brisk effervescence -COOH group is absent
Sodium bicarbonate test: To
the aqueous solution of
NaHCO3 add 1ml of given
organic compound.
Test for Carbonyl group: No Precipitate is formed Carbonyl group is absent.
8. 2, 4 – DNP test: To small
amount of organic compound
solution add 1 – 2 ml of 2,4 –
DNP solution
Test for amino group Offensive smelling Isocyanide gas Amino group is Present
9. Carbylamine Test: To a evolved
small amount of organic liquid
add 1ml of con. HCl few
drops of CHCl3, 2ml of Con.
KOH solution and heat it.
Azo dye Test: To give organic Red dye is formed It is an aromatic primary amine.
compound add dil. HCl and
cool on an ice bath then add
cold aq. NaNO2 solution. Add
solution of b - naphthol
(prepared in NaOH
solution) to it and shake

Result: The given organic compound contains aromatic primary amine group.
 Aim: Detection of Carboxylic Acid Functional Group

Procedure and Observations:

Experiment Observation Inference

Test for unsaturation: No decolourisation of brown colour Given compound is not unsaturated
1. Bromine water Test: of bromine
Dissolve organice compound
in CCl4 and add bromine
water drop wise.
Test for alcoholic group: Brisk effervescence is observed Alcoholic group is present
2. Sodium metal test:
A small piece of sodium metal
added to organic compound in
a dry test tube.

Test for Phenolic group: Blue litmus turns Red Phenolic or carboxylic group is Present.
3. Litmus test: Placed a drop
of organic compound on blue
litmus paper.

4. Ceric Ammonium nitrate Solution not changed to red / pink Alcoholic group is absent.
test: To small amount of colour.
organic compound add ceric
ammonium nitrate solution.
5. Ferric Chloride Test: To No violet colour complex is formed Phenolic group is Absent.
aqueous solution of compound
add 4 – 5 drops of freshly
prepared neutral FeCl3
solution.
Test for Carboxylic group: 6. Colourless gas evolved with brisk -COOH group is Present
Sodium bicarbonate test: To effervescence
the aqueous solution of
NaHCO3 add 1ml of given
organic compound.
7. Ester Test: To organic Fruity smell of ester is observed -COOH group is Present
compound solution, ethanol,
con. H2SO4 added and heated
on a water bath.

Test for Carbonyl group: No Precipitate is formed Carbonyl group is absent.

8. 2, 4 – DNP test: To small
amount of organic compound
solution add 1 – 2 ml of 2,4 –
DNP solution
Test for amino group No offensive smelling Isocyanide gas Amino group is absent
9. Carbylamine Test: To a evolved
small amount of organic liquid
add 1ml of con. HCl few
drops of CHCl3, 2ml of Con.
KOH solution and heat it.

Result: The given organic compound contains Carboxylic group.

 Aim: Detection of Alcohol Functional Group

Procedure and Observations:

Experiment Observation Inference

Smell Test:
1. Take small amount of
organic liquid or solution of Smell like spirit May be ethanol
organic compound in a water
glass and smell it .
Test for unsaturation: No decolourisation of brown colour Given compound is not unsaturated
2. Bromine water Test: of bromine
Dissolve organice compound
in CCl4 and add bromine
water drop wise.
Test for alcoholic group: Brisk effervescence is observed Alcoholic group is present
3. Sodium metal test:
A small piece of sodium metal
added to organic compound in
a dry test tube.

4. Ceric Ammonium nitrate Solution changed to red / pink Alcoholic group is Present.
test: To small amount of colour.
organic compound add ceric
ammonium nitrate solution.
Test for Phenolic group: It remains blue Phenolic and carboxylic group is absent.
5. Litmus test: Placed a drop
of organic compound on blue
litmus paper.

6. Ferric Chloride Test: To No Violet or green colour is formed Phenolic group is absent.
aqueous solution of compound
add 4 – 5 drops of freshly
prepared neutral FeCl3
solution.
Test for Carboxylic group: 7. No brisk effervescence -COOH group is absent
Sodium bicarbonate test: To
the aqueous solution of
NaHCO3 add 1ml of given
organic compound.
Test for Carbonyl group: No Precipitate is formed Carbonyl group is absent.
8. 2, 4 – DNP test: To small
amount of organic compound
solution add 1 – 2 ml of 2,4 –
DNP solution
Test for amino group No offensive smelling Isocyanide gas Amino group is absent
9. Carbylamine Test: To a evolved
small amount of organic liquid
add 1ml of con. HCl few
drops of CHCl3, 2ml of Con.
KOH solution and heat it.

Result: The given organic compound contains alcoholic (- OH) group.

 Aim: Detection of Phenol Functional Group

Procedure and Observations:

Experiment Observation Inference

Test for unsaturation: No decolourisation of brown colour Given compound is not unsaturated
1. Bromine water Test: of bromine
Dissolve organice compound
in CCl4 and add bromine
water drop wise.
Test for alcoholic group: Brisk effervescence is observed Alcoholic group is present
2. Sodium metal test:
A small piece of sodium metal
added to organic compound in
a dry test tube.

3. Ester Test: To organic No fruity smell of ester is observed Alcoholic group is Abesent
compound solution acetic acid
con. H2SO4 added and heated
on a water bath.
Test for Phenolic group: Blue litmus turns Red Phenolic or carboxylic group is Present.
4. Litmus test: Placed a drop
of organic compound on blue
litmus paper.

5. Ferric Chloride Test: To Violet colour complex is formed Phenolic group is Present.
aqueous solution of compound
add 4 – 5 drops of freshly
prepared neutral FeCl3
solution.
Test for Carboxylic group: 6. No brisk effervescence -COOH group is absent
Sodium bicarbonate test: To
the aqueous solution of
NaHCO3 add 1ml of given
organic compound.
Test for Carbonyl group: No Precipitate is formed Carbonyl group is absent.
7. 2, 4 – DNP test: To small
amount of organic compound
solution add 1 – 2 ml of 2,4 –
DNP solution
Test for amino group No offensive smelling Isocyanide gas Amino group is absent
8. Carbylamine Test: To a evolved
small amount of organic liquid
add 1ml of con. HCl few
drops of CHCl3, 2ml of Con.
KOH solution and heat it.

Result: The given organic compound contains Phenol group.

 Aim: Detection of Ketone Functional Group

Procedure and Observations:

Experiment Observation Inference

Test for unsaturation: No decolourisation of brown colour Given compound is not unsaturated
1. Bromine water Test: of bromine
Dissolve organice compound
in CCl4 and add bromine
water drop wise.
Test for alcoholic group: No brisk effervescence is observed Alcoholic group is Absent.
2. Sodium metal test:
A small piece of sodium metal
added to organic compound in
a dry test tube.

Test for Phenolic group: it remain Blue Phenolic or carboxylic group is absent.
3. Litmus test: Placed a drop
of organic compound on blue
litmus paper.
4. Ester Test: To organic No fruity smell of ester is observed Alcoholic group is absent
compound solution acetic acid
con. H2SO4 added and heated
on a water bath.
5. Ferric Chloride Test: To No violet colour complex is formed Phenolic group is Absent.
aqueous solution of compound
add 4 – 5 drops of freshly
prepared neutral FeCl3
solution.
Test for Carboxylic group: 6. No brisk effervescence -COOH group is absent
Sodium bicarbonate test: To
the aqueous solution of
NaHCO3 add 1ml of given
organic compound.
7. Ester Test: To organic No fruity smell of ester is observed -COOH group is absent
compound solution, ethanol,
con. H2SO4 added and heated
on a water bath.
Test for Carbonyl group: Orange Precipitate is formed Carbonyl group is Present
8. 2, 4 – DNP test: To small
amount of organic compound
solution add 1 – 2 ml of 2,4 –
DNP solution
Sodium nitoprusside Test: Red colouration is formed. It is ketonic compound.
To sodium nitropursside add
distilled water, organic
compound and NaOH
solution. Shake well
Test for amino group No offensive smelling Isocyanide gas Amino group is absent
9. Carbylamine Test: To a evolved
small amount of organic liquid
add 1ml of con. HCl few
drops of CHCl3, 2ml of Con.
KOH solution and heat it.
Result: The given organic compound contains Ketone functional group.

Aim: Detection of Aldehyde Functional Group

Procedure and Observations:

Experiment Observation Inference

Test for unsaturation: No decolourisation of brown colour Given compound is not unsaturated
1. Bromine water Test: of bromine
Dissolve organice compound
in CCl4 and add bromine
water drop wise.
Test for alcoholic group: No brisk effervescence is observed Alcoholic group is Absent.
2. Sodium metal test:
A small piece of sodium metal
added to organic compound in
a dry test tube.
Test for Phenolic group: it remain Blue Phenolic or carboxylic group is absent.
3. Litmus test: Placed a drop
of organic compound on blue
litmus paper.

4. Ferric Chloride Test: To No violet colour complex is formed Phenolic group is Absent.
aqueous solution of compound
add 4 – 5 drops of freshly
prepared neutral FeCl3
solution.
Test for Carboxylic group: 5. No brisk effervescence -COOH group is absent
Sodium bicarbonate test: To
the aqueous solution of
NaHCO3 add 1ml of given
organic compound.
6. Ester Test: To organic No fruity smell of ester is observed -COOH group is absent
compound solution, ethanol,
con. H2SO4 added and heated
on a water bath.
Test for Carbonyl group: Orange Precipitate is formed Carbonyl group is Present
7. 2, 4 – DNP test: To small
amount of organic compound
solution add 1 – 2 ml of 2,4 –
DNP solution
8. Schiff’s Test: To the Solution turns to pink colour It is aldehydic compound.
solution of organic compound
(1mL) and Schiff’s reagent
(2mL)
9. Tollen’s Test: To the Silver mirror formed. It is aldehydic compound.
organic compound solution,
add Tollen’s reagent and heat
on water bath.
Test for amino group No offensive smelling Isocyanide gas Amino group is absent
10. Carbylamine Test: To a evolved
small amount of organic liquid
add 1ml of con. HCl few
drops of CHCl3, 2ml of Con.
KOH solution and heat it.
Result: The given organic compound contains Aldehyde functional group.