Date of Experiment:- EXPERIMENT No:-

AIM:- Analyze the given inorganic salt for one cation and one anion.

Experiment Observations Inference

1. Physical Examination
(a) Colour White Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+,
Co2+, Ni2+ may be
absent

(b) Smell Ammonical smell NH4+ may be present

2. Flame test:- Prepared a paste of the No characteristic colour of Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Cu2+,
salt with conc. HCl & performed flame Zn2+, Pb2+ may be
flame test absent
3. Dil. Sulphuric test:- Brisk effervescence with CO32- may be absent
Salt + dil. H2SO4, warm the evolution of colourless
and odourless gas

3. Confirmatory test for CO32-:-

(a) Pass above gas in to lime water Lime water turns milky.
This milkiness disappears CO32- confirmed
when above gas is passed
in excess.

(b) OS + 𝐵𝑎𝐶𝑙2 solution White ppt of 𝐵𝑎𝐶𝑂3 CO32- confirmed

(c) OS + AgN𝑂3 Solution White ppt of 𝐴𝑔2 𝐶𝑂3 CO32- confirmed

4. Test for ammonium ion:-

Salt + NaOH solution, heat Ammonical smell NH4+ may be present
5. Confirmatory test for 𝑁𝐻4+
(a) Bring rod dipped in dil. HCl near
the mouth of the above test tube White fumes
NH4+ confirmed
(b) Pass above gas to Nessler’s
reagent Brown ppt NH4+ confirmed

Result:- The given inorganic salt contains:- Cation- 𝑁𝐻4+ and anion CO32-
Date of Experiment:- EXPERIMENT No:-

Experiment Observations Inference

1. Physical Examination
(a) Colour White Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+,
Co2+, Ni2+ may be
absent

(b) Smell Ammonical smell NH4+ may be present

2. Flame test:- Prepared a paste of the No characteristic colour of Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Cu2+,
salt with conc. HCl & performed flame Zn2+, Pb2+ may be
flame test absent
3. Dil. Sulphuric test:- CO32-, S2-, SO32- and
Salt + dil. H2SO4, warm No. gas evolved NO2- may be absent
4. Conc. Sulphuric test:- Colourless gas with Cl- may be present
Salt + conc. H2SO4, warm pungent smell evolved
5. Confirmatory test for Cl-:-
(a) Silver nitrate test:- White ppt soluble in
Salt solution + AgNO3 solution ammonium hydroxide Cl-confirmed

(b) Chromyl chloride test:-

(i) Salt + solid K2Cr2O7 + conc. H2SO4 Red vapours evolved
(ii) Pass the red vapours into NaOH
solution Yellow solution
(iii) The yellow solution + dil.
CH3COOH + lead acetate
solution Yellow ppt Cl- confirmed

6. Test for ammonium ion:-

Salt + NaOH solution, heat Ammonical smell NH4+ may be present
7. Confirmatory test for NH4+
(a) Bring rod dipped in dil. HCl near
the mouth of the above test tube White fumes NH4+ confirmed

(b) Pass above gas to Nessler’s

reagent Brown ppt NH4+ confirmed

Result:- The given inorganic salt contains:- Cation- NH4+and anion Cl-
Date of Experiment:- EXPERIMENT NO-

AIM:- Analyse the given inorganic salt for one cation and one anion.

Experiment Observations Inference

1. Physical Examination
(a) Colour White Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Co2+,
Ni2+ may be absent

(b) Smell Vinegar like CH3COO- may be present

2. Flame test:- Prepared a paste of the Dull bluish white flame

salt with conc. HCl & performed Pb2+ present
flame test
3. Dil. Sulphuric test:- CH3COO- may be present
Salt + dil. H2SO4, warm Colourless vapours with
Vinegar like smell evolved
4. Confirmatory test for CH3COO-:-
(a) Oxalic acid test:-
Make a paste of salt and solid Vinegar like smell CH3COO- confirmed
oxalic acid with water, rub and
smell it

(b) Salt solution + neutral FeCl3

Solution Deep red colour CH3COO- confirmed

(c) Ester test: -Salt in China dish + Fruity smell CH3COO- confirmed
ethanol + conc. 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 , heat

5. Test for ammonium ion:-

Salt + NaOH solution, heat No Ammonical smell NH4+ may be absent
6. Salt solution + dil. HCl White ppt Pb2+ may be present

7. Confirmatory test for Pb2+:-

Dissolve the white ppt in hot water &
divide the solution into two parts
(a) First part + KI solution Yellow ppt Pb2+ confirmed

(b) Second part + K2CrO4 solution Yellow ppt Pb2+ confirmed

Result:- The given inorganic salt contains:- Cation- Pb2+and anion CH3COO-
Date of Experiment:-- EXPERIMENT NO-

AIM:- Analyse the given inorganic salt for one cation and one anion.

Experiment Observations Inference

1. Physical Examination
(a) Colour blue Cu2+ may be present

(b) Smell No. characteristic smell NH4+, CH3COO- & S2- may be
absent
2. Flame test:- Prepared a paste of the bright bluish green flame
salt with conc. HCl & performed Cu2+ may be present
flame test
3. Dil. Sulphuric test:- CO32-, S2-, SO32- and NO2-
Salt + dil. H2SO4, warm No. gas evolved may be absent
4. Conc. Sulphuric test:- Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-& CH3COO-
Salt + conc. H2SO4, warm No. gas evolved may be absent
5. Test for sulphate-:-
(a) Aq. Solution of salt + BaCl2 White ppt insoluble in dil.
solution HCl SO42- confirmed

(b) Aq. Solution of salt + acetic acid White ppt

+ lead acetate solution SO42- confirmed

6. Test for ammonium ion:-

Salt + NaOH solution, heat No Ammonical smell NH4+ may be absent
7. Salt solution + dil. HCl No. White ppt Pb2+ may be absent

8. Pass H2S gas in the above solution Black ppt Pb2+ or Cu2+ may be present

9. Black ppt + 50 % HNO3 solution Bluish green solution is Cu2+ may be present
formed
10. Confirmatory test for Cu2+:-
(a) Add NH4OH in excess to the
above solution Blue coloured solution
(b) Divide the solution in two parts
(i) First part + potassium
ferrocyanide solution Chocolate brown ppt Cu2+ confirmed

(ii) Second part + KI solution White ppt Cu2+ confirmed

Result:- The given inorganic salt contains:- Cation- Cu2+and anion SO42-
Date of Experiment:-- EXPERIMENT NO-

AIM:- Analyse the given inorganic salt for one cation and one anion.

Experiment Observations Inference

1. Physical Examination
(a)Colour green Ni2+ may be present

(b)Smell No. characteristic smell NH4+, CH3COO- & S2-

may be absent
2. Flame test:- Prepared a paste of the No. characteristic colour Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Cu2+,
salt with conc. HCl & performed of flame Zn2+, Pb2+ may be
flame test absent
3. Dil. Sulphuric test:- CO32-, S2-, SO32- and
Salt + dil. H2SO4, warm No. gas evolved NO2- may be absent
4. Conc. Sulphuric test:- Colourless gas with Cl- may be present
Salt + conc. H2SO4, warm pungent smell evolved
5. Confirmatory test for Cl-:-
(a) Silver nitrate test:- White ppt soluble in
Salt solution + AgNO3 solution ammonium hydroxide Cl-confirmed

(b) Chromyl chloride test:-

(i) Salt + solid K2Cr2O7 + conc. Red vapours evolved
H2SO4, heat
(ii) Pass the red vapours into Yellow solution
NaOH solution
(iii) The yellow solution + dil.
CH3COOH + lead acetate Yellow ppt
solution Cl- confirmed

6. Test for ammonium ion:-

Salt + NaOH solution, heat No Ammonical smell NH4+ may be absent
7. Salt solution + dil. HCl No. White ppt Pb2+ may be absent

8. Pass H2S gas in above solution No ppt II group absent

9. Aq. Solution of salt + solid NH4Cl & No ppt III group absent
boil, cool & add excess of NH4OH
10. Pass H2S gas through the above Black ppt IV group (may be Co2+
solution or Ni2+) present

11. Confirmatory test for Ni2+:-

Dissolve the black ppt in aqua
regia & divide the solution in two
parts-
(a) One part + NH4OH + dimethyl Bright rose red ppt Ni2+ confirmed
glyoxime
(b) Second part + excess NaOH +
bromine water, boil Black ppt Ni2+ confirmed

Result:- The given inorganic salt contains:- Cation- Ni2+and anion Cl-
Date of Experiment:-- EXPERIMENT NO-

AIM:- Analyse the given inorganic salt for one cation and one anion.

Experiment Observations Inference

1. Physical Examination
(a)Colour White Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+,
Co2+, Ni2+ may be
absent

(b)Smell No. characteristic smell NH4+, CH3COO- & S2-

may be absent
2. Flame test:- Prepared a paste of the Grassy green flame Ba2+present
salt with conc. HCl & performed
flame test
3. Dil. Sulphuric test:- CO32-, S2-, SO32- and
Salt + dil. H2SO4, warm No. gas evolved NO2- may be absent
4. Conc. Sulphuric test:- Reddish brown gas NO3- may be present
Salt + conc. H2SO4, warm evolved which turns FeSO4
solution black
5. Confirmatory test for NO3-:-
(a) Copper chips test:-salt + conc. Reddish brown gas
H2SO4 + copper chips and heat evolved NO3- confirmed

(b) Ring test:- salt solution + freshly A dark brown ring formed
prepared FeSO4 solution. Add at the junction of the two
conc. H2SO4 along with the sides liquids NO3- confirmed
of the test tubes

6. Test for ammonium ion:-

Salt + NaOH solution, heat No Ammonical smell NH4+ may be absent
7. Salt solution + dil. HCl No. White ppt Pb2+ may be absent

8. Pass H2S gas in above solution No ppt II group absent

9. Aq. Solution of salt + solid NH4Cl & No ppt III group absent
boil, cool & add excess of NH4OH
10. Pass H2S gas through the above No ppt IV group absent
solution

11. Aq. Solution of salt + solid NH4Cl & White ppt V group (Ca2+, Sr2+,
boil, cool & add excess of NH4OH , Ba2+) may be present
add (NH4)2CO3 solution
12. Confirmatory test for Ba2+:-
Dissolve the ppt in hot dil acetic
acid and add potassium
chromate solution Yellow ppt Ba2+ confirmed

Result:- The given inorganic salt contains:- Cation- Ba2+and anion NO3-