ST. XAVIER’S SR. SEC.

SCHOOL, RAJ NIWAS MARG

SALT ANALYSIS

AIM: To identify the anion and cation present in the given inorganic
salt.

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE:
Colour :
Solubility in water:

S. No. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. To the salt taken in a Evolution of a CO32- may be

test tube add dilute colourless odourless present.
H2SO4. gas with brisk
effervescence.

No gas evolved CO32-, S2-,

SO32-, NO2-
absent

Confirmatory test of Lime water turns CO32-

CO32-: milky. confirmed.
To the salt taken in a U-
tube add dil.H2SO4 and
pass the gas evolved
through lime water.

2. To the salt taken on a Vinegar smell CH3COO-

watch glass add a few observed. may be
drops of dilute H2SO4. present.
Rub with fingers and
smell.
Vinegar smell not CH3COO-
observed. absent.
 Confirmatory test of Red colour observed CH3COO-
CH3COO-: confirmed.
To the salt solution add
FeCl3 solution

3. To the salt taken in a Colourless gas with a Cl- may be

test tube add conc. pungent smell is present.
H2SO4 observed. The fumes
intensify when a rod
dipped in NH4OH
solution is brought
close to the mouth of
the test tube.

Red coloured gas Br- may be

evolved present.

Heat and add a paper Brown coloured gas NO3- may

ball evolved. present

Cl-, Br-,
No gas evolved NO3- absent

Confirmatory Test for

Cl-:
To the salt solution add White ppt. is formed. Cl-
silver nitrate solution. confirmed.
Ppt dissolves in
Add NH4OH to the ppt. NH4OH
 Confirmatory Test for Pale yellow ppt. is Br-
Br-: formed. confirmed.
To the salt solution add
silver nitrate solution. Ppt is sparingly
Add NH4OH to the ppt. soluble in NH4OH.

Confirmatory test for

NO3- :
BROWN RING TEST- To A brown ring is NO3-
the salt solution add formed at the junction confirmed.
freshly prepared FeSO4 of the two solutions.
solution. To the mixture
add conc. H2SO4 slowly
along the walls of the
test tube.

4. To the salt solution add White ppt. is SO42-

BaCl2 solution. observed. confirmed.

5. To the salt taken in a NH4+ may be

test tube add NaOH Smell of ammonia present.
solution. Heat the observed.
mixture.

NH4+
Add Nessler’s Reagent Brown coloured ppt confirmed.
to the salt solution observed.

ammoniacal smell Group zero

not observed (NH4+)
absent

6. To the salt solution add White Ppt. observed Pb2+ may be

dil. HCl. present.

White ppt not Group1

observed absent
 Confirmatory test of
Pb2+:
Centrifuge the
precipitate and Boil the
white ppt. with distilled
water and divide the
solution in two parts:

i) To part I taken in
a test tube add Yellow ppt. observed Pb2+
potassium confirmed.
iodide
solution.

ii) To part II taken in Yellow ppt. observed Pb2+

a test tube add confirmed.
potassium
chromate
solution.

7. To the salt solution add White ppt observed. Al3+ may be

NH4Cl and NH4OH present.
solution.
White ppt not Group 3
observed absent

Confirmatory test of
Al3+:
BLUE LAKE TEST- To Blue ppt suspended in Al3+
the white ppt taken in a a colourless medium confirmed.
test tube add dilute HCl is observed.
and few drops of blue
litmus solution. Add
excess of NH4OH
solution in excess.
8. To the salt solution add White ppt observed. Zn2+ may be
NH4Cl, NH4OH and present.
pass H2S gas.

Flesh coloured ppt Mn2+ may be

observed. present

No ppt formed. Group 4

ions absent

Confirmatory test of
Zn2+:
Dissolve the white ppt
in dil. HCl and divide
the solution in two parts
Zn2+
i) Add potassium Blueish white ppt confirmed.
ferrocyanide to observed.
part I.
White ppt observed Zn2+
ii) Add NaOH which is soluble in confirmed.
solution to part excess of NaOH
II.

Confirmatory test of
Mn2+: Mn2+
Dissolve the flesh Pink coloured solution confirmed.
coloured ppt in conc. obtained.
HNO3 and add lead
oxide. Boil the mixture.
Cool the solution
9. Group 5 ions
To the salt solution, add may be
solid NH4Cl, NH4OH and White ppt observed. present.
(NH4)2CO3 solution.

White ppt not Ba2+, Sr2+,

observed Ca2+ absent

Confirmatory test of
Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+:

Dissolve the white ppt.

in dil. Acetic acid and
boil off CO2: Divide the
solution in three parts:

Add potassium Yellow ppt observed. Ba2+

chromate solution to confirmed
part I.

Add (NH4)2SO4 solution

to part II. White ppt observed. Sr2+
confirmed.
Add ammonium oxalate
White ppt observed. Ca2+
solution to part III.
confirmed
 Flame Test: Light green flame Ba2+
To the salt taken on a confirmed.
watch glass add a few
drops of conc. HCl. With Crimson red flame Sr2+
the help of a glass rod confirmed.
show the past to the
flame. Brick red flame Ca2+
confirmed.

To the salt solution add

NH4Cl, a few drops of Mg2+
NH4OH and excess of White ppt observed. confirmed.
disodium hydrogen
phosphate solution.

Result

Anion present in the given salt :

Cation present in the given salt :