EXPERIMENT NO.

1
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SALT-1
AIM: To identify the given salt.
PROCEDURE:
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1 Solubility in water Soluble in cold
water
2 Physical state crystalline

IDENTIFICATION OF ANION:
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1 Test with dil. H2SO4: Brisk effervescence Presence of Group-I
is observed anion.
To little salt dil. H2SO4 is added.
May be carbonate.

2 CONFIRMATION OF ANION: lime water turns Carbonate (CO3)2-is

milky confirmed.
Gas is passed through lime water.

IDENTIFICATION OF CATION:
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1 To little of the salt solution, NaOH Colourless pungent Presence of group
is added and boiled. gas gives dense zero cation (NH4+).
white fumes ,when a
glass rod dipped in
dil HCl is brought
near the mouth of
the test tube
5 CONFIRMATION OF A brown ppt is NH4+ ion is
CATION: To the above solution, observed. confirmed.
few drops of Nessler’s reagent is
added.
RESULT:
The given salt contains:
Acidic radical (anion): CO32-
Basic radical (cation): NH4+
Therefore, the given salt is Ammonium Carbonate[(NH4)2CO3].

L.H.S
ANION:
Carbonate ion: -

CATION:
Ammonium ion:
NH4Cl + NaOH NaCl + H2O + NH3
NH3 + HCl NH4Cl
NESSLERS REAGENT
2K2 [HgI4] + NH3 + 3KOH H2N.HgO.HgI + 7KI + 2H2O
Brown ppt.
 EXPERIMENT NO. 2
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SALT-2
AIM: To identify the given salt.
PROCEDURE:
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1 Solubility in water Soluble in cold
water
2 Physical state Crystalline
IDENTIFICATION OF ANION:
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1 Test with dil. H2SO4: No effervescence Absence of group-I
observed anion.
To little salt dil. H2SO4 is added.

2 Test with conc. H2SO4: Colourless vapours Presence of

with vinegar like
To little salt conc.H2SO4 is added. group-II anion.
smell.
May be acetate ion.
3 CONFIRMATION OF ANION
(i) Test with oxalic acid:
To little salt, oxalic acid and few
Vinegar like smell is Acetate ion is
drops of water are added.
observed. confirmed.
(ii) To salt solution, add conc.
H2SO4 and heat. Add ethyl
alcohol, shake and pour in
A pleasant fruity Acetate ion is
beaker containing water
(iii) FERRIC CHLORIDE odour is observed. confirmed
TEST:
To salt solution, add neutral FeCl3
and filter and divide filtrate into Reddish Color
two parts. Filtrate

a. To Part-I add water and Reddish brown

boil precipitate is
formed.
 Reddish colour Acetate ion is
b. To part-II add dil.HCl disappears. confirmed.
.
IDENTIFICATION OF CATION:
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1 To little of the salt solution, NaOH No colourless Absence of group
solution is added and boiled. pungent gas zero cation (NH4+).
observed.

2 To little salt solution, dil. HCl is No ppt is formed Absence of group-I

added. cation.

3 To salt solution, dil. HCl: and H2S No ppt is formed. Absence of

solution is added.
group-II cation.

4 To salt solution, NH4Cl and No ppt is formed. Absence of group III

NH4OH are added. cation.
5 To salt solution, solid NH4Cl and Buff/white colour Presence of
excess of NH4OH and H2S solution ppt is observed.
Group-IV cation.
is added.
6 CONFIRMATION OF CATION:
Dissolve white ppt in dil. HCl and
divide into two parts.
i. To Part-I add potassium
Bluish white ppt is Zn+2 is confirmed.
ferrocyanide solution.
formed.
ii. To part-II, add NaOH White ppt soluble in
solution. Zn+2 is confirmed.
excess of NaOH.
RESULT:
The given salt contains:
Acidic radical (anion): CH3COO-
Basic radical (cation): Zn+2
Therefore, the given salt is zinc acetate [(CH3COO)2Zn].
L.H.S
ANION:
Confirmation of anion:
Ester test:

Confirmation of cation:
Potassium ferrocyanide test:

Ammonium hydroxide test:

Zn(OH)2 + 2 NaOH Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O

 EXPERIMENT NO. 3
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SALT-3
AIM: To identify the given salt.
PROCEDURE:
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1 Solubility in water soluble in cold water
2 Physical state Crystalline
IDENTIFICATION OF ANION:
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1 Test with dil. H2SO4: No effervescence Absence of group-I
observed anion.
To little salt dil. H2SO4 is added.

2 Test with conc. H2SO4: No characteristic Absence of group-II

observation. anion.
To little salt conc.H2SO4 is added.

3 Test with BaCl2: White ppt is formed, Presence of

which is insoluble in
To salt solution, BaCl2: solution is group-III anion.
in dil. HCl.
added.
May be sulphate ion.

4 CONFIRMATION OF ANION: A white ppt is Sulphate ion is

formed, which is confirmed.
LEAD ACETATE TEST:
soluble in excess of
To salt solution, lead acetate hot ammonium
solution is added. acetate solution.
IDENTIFICATION OF CATION:
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1 To little of the salt solution, add No colourless Absence of group
NaOH solution and boil. pungent gas zero cation (NH4+).
observed.

2 To little salt solution, dil.HCl is No ppt is formed Absence of group-I

added. cation.

3 To salt solution, dil HCl: and H2S No ppt is formed. Absence of

solution is added.
group-II cation.

4 To salt solution, solid NH4Cl and White ppt is formed. Presence of group III
excess of NH4OH are added. cation (Al+3).
5 CONFIRMATION OF
CATION:
To white ppt, dil.HCl and few
A blue ppt Al+3 ion confirmed.
drops of blue litmus solution and
suspended in a
excess of ammonium hydroxide
colourless solution is
solution are added
observed.

RESULT:
The given salt contains:
Acidic radical (anion): SO42-
Basic radical (cation): Al+3
Therefore, the given salt is aluminium sulphate [Al2(SO4)3].
L.H.S
ANION:

Confirmation of Sulphate

CATION:
Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O
AlCl3 + 3NH4OH 3NH4Cl + Al(OH)3