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Politics and Government

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Politics and Government

Question # 2

Highlights the main points of Plato and Aristotle's views on government and rulers.

When we consider the political theories of Plato and Aristotle, even if just half seriously,

the fifth book of the Republic presents Plato's argument that inequality stems from the existence

of families and property. Preventing parents from raising their children and giving them an unfair

edge would be the only way to eliminate such disparities. Share wealth and property equally.

Plato also advocated for government-run daycares and regulated schools to ensure that only

elites would be produced. These sorts of things are not entirely foreign to us. Our generation is

more Plato-like than we like to accept. Therefore, it is essential to question whether or not Plato's

vision of the Kallipolis is consistent with contemporary ideals of justice. Equality, the belief that

every person is of equal worth, is one principle achieved through hard work and suffering. This

concept is deemed essential in today's society; however, it is noticeably absent from Plato's

writings.

This matches authoritarian and egalitarian perspectives. Input matches the output.

Aristocrats, perfectionists, and meritocrats judge people by their "deserts" or how well they meet

a norm. This approach also maintains that incentives, punishments, benefits, and tasks should

reflect deserts. Plato and Aristotle treat recipients of supposed natural rights, deserts, and values

unequally due to their ambiguity. Aristotle's proportionate justice is vital (Slusarenco &

Pozneacova, 2021). Adequate equality frames a logical dialogue between egalitarian and non-

egalitarian justice theories. Justice is fairness. Aristotle's response suggests the argument centers

on determining if two people are equal for distribution. Democracy is self-rule by free people.
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Does Plato dislike democracy because? In the Republic, he calls direct democracy its most

prominent opponent.

Question # 3

Explain the term' Social Contract'. Elaborate on Rousseau's thoughts on the 'Social

Contract.'

To solve the issues raised in the 'Discourse on the Origin of Inequality,' or the Second

Discourse, Rousseau proposed two distinct conceptions of social contracts. Rousseau discussed

the moral and political evolution of humankind in his Second Discourse. Society developed from

a more primitive stage, he said, and hence contemporary civilization is inevitable. The

problematic, naturalized social contract from his observation is included in this narrative. On the

other hand, the normative social contract was designed to address issues that contemporary

society has created.

According to the compact social idea, a society can only function when its members

agree on shared norms for treating one another politically and morally. Many argue that we don't

need a heavenly person to tell us how to be moral if we all agree to a social contract. According

to Rousseau, a fundamental social compact was possible. In exchange for individual liberty,

citizens would be granted the far greater gift of republican political freedom (Bishop & Bishop,

2019). It is the primary goal of social contract theory to demonstrate that all members of a

society must accept and uphold the basic social norms, institutions, laws, and values that form

the basis of that society. The goal of any social contract is to establish whether or not a specific

authority is deserving of people's allegiance and respect. Proving that political systems can adapt

to new situations is the overarching purpose of social contract theories that center on states.
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Question # 4

Explain the Presidential and Parliamentary forms of government. Elaborate your answer

with pertinent examples.

Comparing unitary and federal states shows a significant difference in governance

arrangements. Both phrases can describe different systems of government, but they vary

fundamentally. As the name implies, a unitary system's central government does not delegate

power. Federalism gives governments and provinces additional autonomy (Mathieu, 2022). Both

systems sustain peace and prosperity in our globe. Unitary governments, like the British

legislative and governmental institutions, are majoritarian. This system has one party controlling

the executive branch, a simple majority in non-proportional elections, cabinet domination,

focused authority, legal flexibility, and government ownership of the central bank.

A multi-party system, a proportional system at all levels of government, a federal and

decentralized structure, strict adherence to the constitution, a free and independent central bank,

and executive authority shared among broad coalitions characterize the democracy envisioned in

the second term. It's better for multicultural societies. Some people believe that a united country

is more efficient and that a federal government is more effective at making decisions and

enforcing laws. Taking Part as a Local or Federal Government: It is the policy of a unitary

democracy (and certain contemporary monarchies) to encourage citizen participation in

administration through the election of representatives. The role of national governments, both

centralized and decentralized, in the economy. Unitary governments have shared powers at the

national and state levels, while federal governments have power derived from a single,

centralized government. This is because state governments lack the authority to pass separate

laws in the former, and the central government has the authority to pass laws for all states. State
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versus. Federal control. Three Asian countries: China, the United Kingdom, and Sri Lanka. The

three of them are Switzerland, Canada, and India.

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References

Bishop, P., & Bishop, P. (2019). Rousseau and the Social Contract. German Political Thought

and the Discourse of Platonism: Finding the Way Out of the Cave, 93-125.

Mathieu, F. (2022). Minority nations v. constitutional architectures: A critical appraisal of

unitary and federal models of the modern state. Nations and Nationalism, 28(3), 825-840.

Slusarenco, S., & Pozneacova, V. (2021). THE ANALYSIS OF THE FORMS OF

GOVERNMENT AND THE PRACTICE OF GOOD GOVERNANCE FROM PLATO

TO CONTEMPORANEITY. InterConf, 186-201.