Billet casting through induction furnace

Raw materials:
1. Steel scrap, Sponge Iron (upto 50%), Ferro alloys
2. Pig Iron sometimes

Process routes:
IF -> LRF -> AOD -> CC (Billets) or Ingots

Tapping Temperature: 1650o C

Ladle Furnace:
Possible treatments:
1. Desulfurization - High temperature, High basicity and low oxygen potential
Transferring sulfur (S) that is dissolved in the liquid metal to a CaO-rich slag phase

Usually performed after the steel has been fully killed by a suitable deoxidizing agent and
the oxygen activity is low. Phosphorous should also be removed prior to desulfurization.
2. Deoxidation - Before Desulfurization. Adding Al or Si. These elements readily react
with oxygen to form oxides that precipitate within the liquid steel. This does not
reduce the total amount of oxygen in the liquid steel; it simply transforms the
dissolved oxygen into an oxide precipitate. This oxide precipitate then needs to be
removed from the steel by flotation
Not possible:
1. Dephosphorization - Low temperature, High oxygen potential and high basicity.
Removal by oxygen. P2O5 held by CaO in slag. Basicity maintained by addition of CaO
2. Decarburization -
Ref:
1. https://steel.gov.in/sites/default/files/SG-33%20Electric%20Induction%20Furnace.p
df
2. https://www.inductotherm.com/applications/steel-billet-making/
3. http://environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Online/additionalfile/17_Nov_201
8_125159877IYXHXBKUPROCESSOFINDUCTIONFURNACE.pdf
4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333480956_Refining_of_Steel_Through_I
nduction_Furnace-LRF_Route_ELdFOSRTechnology