Solvability of a system of

equations
Solvability of a system of equations(cont..)
Let us look at some examples of linear systems.
Methods of Solution
Cramer’s Rule
Consider the following linear system of 2 equations:

ax+by= e (1) & cx+dy= f (2)

Let A be the co-efficient matrix of the linear system:

a b  e
A  constant column   
c d  f
Cramer’s Rule(Cont..)
If det A ≠0, then the system has exactly one solution. The solution is:
Replace the column
e b a e containing the
f d c f coefficients of x,
x y
det A det A by constant column.

e b a e Replace the column

containing the
f d c f
x y coefficients of y,
a b a b
by constant column.
c d c d
Example 1.
Use Cramer’s rule to solve this system:

8x+5y = 2

2x-4y = -10
Solution
The coefficient matrix of the above system would be

8 5 
A 
 2  4 

So the determinant of the coefficient matrix can be evaluated as follows.

8 5
det A 
2 4
 32  10
 42
Solution
det A =-42≠0, then the system has exactly one solution. The solution is:
2 5
 10  4  8  (50) 42
x    1
 42  42  42

8 2
2  10  80  4  84
y   2
 42  42  42

The solution is (-1,2)

Example 2
The atomic weights of three compounds are shown. Use a linear system
and Cramer’s rule to find the atomic weights of carbon(C ), hydrogen(H),
and oxygen(O).

Compound Formula Atomic weight

Methane CH4 16

Glycerol C3H8O3 92

Water H2O 18
Solution
Write a linear system using the formula for each compound

C + 4H = 16
3C+ 8H + 3O = 92
2H + O =18

Matrix form of the system can be written as

AX  b
1 4 0
 1 4 0  C   16   
     coefficient matrix A   3 8 3
 3 8 3  H    92 
 0 2 1  O   18  0 2 1
      
Solution
First evaluate the determinant of the coefficient matrix.

1 4 0
3 8 3  1(8  6)  4(3)  0  10
0 2 1

Since the determinant is not equal to zero, the system has a unique
solution.
Solution
Apply the Cramer's Rule
16 4 0
92 8 3
18 2 1 16(8  6)  4(92  18 * 3)  120
C    12
 10  10  10
1 16 0
3 92 3
0 18 1 1(92  18 * 3)  16(3  0)  10
H   1
 10  10  10
1 4 16
3 8 92
0 2 18 1(8 *18  92 * 2)  4(3 *18  0)  16(6)  160
O    16
 10  10  10
Inverse matrix to solve a system

Let us consider the system AX  b

AX  b
1 1
A AX  A b
1
IX  A b
1
X A b
Example 1
Solve :
-3x + 4y = 5
2x - y = -10
 3 4 
In the system A   
 2  1
 x
X 
 y
 5 
b 
  10 
Solution
1   1  4
A 1    2  3
A  
1 4
1 1   1  4  5 5 
A     
3  8   2  3  2 3 
5 5
X can be found from the equation
X  A 1 b
1 4  7 
 5 5  5  X   

2 3   10  4
 
5 5 x  7
 7 
  y  4
  4
Thank You !