Type of lighting in digital photography

a. Diffused Light

b. Backlight

c. Reflected Light
Type of lighting in digital photography
Diffused Light
• Diffused light is light that has an even
concentration across the spread of its
beam. It disperses light evenly across
a surface or subject and can soften
shadows and produce a more
flattering image.
• Diffused light is a soft light with
neither the intensity nor the glare of
direct light. It is scattered and comes
from all directions. Thus, it seems to
wrap around objects. It is softer and
does not cast harsh shadows.
• Diffused light is non-directional light,
where the intensity of light is even.
• Techniques to diffuse light
• Shoot under overcast skies during the day
• Bounce light
• Use diffusion material
• Diffused lighting is most commonly used
in portrait photography.
• Bounce light using any semi-reflective
white surface.
• White poster board, whiteboards,
and even white walls/ceilings can be
effectively used to bounce off soft
light.
Type of lighting in digital photography

Diffused Light
• Sunlight through a sheer curtain is diffused.
• Light from behind a lampshade is diffused compared to the
direct light of a bare bulb.
• The lampshade softens and scatters the light.
• Sunlight during golden hour is softer, for example, because the
sun is at an angle and the atmosphere acts as a diffuser
 on-camera flash diffuser.

softboxes umbrella light

Lighting diffusers,
Diffused Light
Type of lighting in digital photography

Backlight
• Backlighting in photography happens when the main light is
behind your subject and facing the camera.
• Backlighting can bring impact and drama, creating a very
graphic image, or it can be used to subtly accentuate the
qualities of the subject.
• Backlight photography can be challenging, especially if you are
used to using the auto exposure modes on your camera. It’s
easy to accidentally create an unpleasant exposure with a
strong light behind your subject.
Type of lighting in digital photography

Reflected Light
• Reflected light is light that reflects off the subject.
• This means that the light being reflected from surrounding
areas, such as walls, water, or other objects that have a
reflective quality, has a lighting impact on your image.
• For example, a white room will reflect more light than a room
with dark walls, altering the actual subject brightness and
contrast ratio.
THE PRINCIPLES OF COMPOSITION
IN DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY

a. Rule Of Third b. Space c. Balance

e. Center of
d. Lines f. Angle Of View
Interest

g. Background
Composition In Digital Photography

composition is how the elements

of a photo are arranged
composition refers to the
arrangement of elements used.
A. Rule Of Third
• The image is divided evenly into thirds,
both horizontally and vertically.
• The subject of the image is placed at the
intersection of those dividing lines, or
along one of the lines itself.
• The image has 9 pieces and 4 gridlines
A. Rule Of Third

Have your subject

only occupy 1/3-2/3
of the grid
Place objects in
intersecting points
of the grid
Horizontal/Landscape photos: Rule of thirds horizontally

• You want your subject’s eyes or focus to be in the right or left third.
Vertical/Portrait photos: Rule of thirds vertically
• You want your subject’s eyes or focus is in the top or bottom third
B. Space
• The rule of space in photography is simply the act of adding
visual space in front of the direction that an object is moving,
looking or pointing to imply motion and direction and to lead the
eye of the viewer.
 Balance of Positive and Negative space

Mostly Negative Space

Negative space is area around the subjects, or areas of interest.
Photos with high amounts of negative space are:
• Empty
• Subdued
• Peaceful
• Calm
• Isolated

Mostly Positive Space

Positive space is best described as the areas
in a work of art that are the subjects, or areas
of interest.
he Rule of Space adds a Feeling of Motion or Action
The Rule of Space in Photography Combines with other
Compositional Rules
The Rule of Space in Photography Helps Tell the Story
The Rule of Space in Photography Helps Tell the Story
The Rule of Space in Photography Leads the Eye of the Viewer
c. Balance
• Balance is a composition
technique that arranges
elements within the frame to
achieve equal visual weight
across the image.
Horizontal
Vertical
d. Lines
• Elements of leading lines
composition • Type of line
• Proper arrangement of lines, • Horizontal lines
guides the eye around the • Vertical lines
image, often placing emphasis • Diagonal lines
on the subject matter or • Curved lines
conveying a sense of • Zig-zag lines
movement. • Arcs & circles
• Lead the eye • Repetitive group of lines
• The lines will lead the viewer into
the photograph.
• The lines will lead the viewer from
one location in the photograph to
another.
 VERTICAL LINES
HORIZONTAL LINES
 CURVED LINES

DIAGONAL LINES
ZIG-ZAG LINES
 ARCS & CIRCLES

REPETITIVE GROUP OF LINES

e. Center of Interest
• The center of interest or focal point in a photo is the predominant
feature in the image, the feature to which the viewer is first attracted.
• “Point of interest,” as used here, has the same meaning as center of
interest, point of interest prevents giving the impression that the
center of interest should be located in the center of the picture.
• A picture without a dominant center of interest
• Puzzling to a viewer.
• The viewer becomes confused.
• Examples of centers of interest are eyes and faces, the human
figure, animals, letters, numbers and symbols, and man-made
objects.
man-made objects.

animals
• For example,
if you’re
photographing
a landscape
at sunset, the
setting sun
would be your
center of
interest.

If you’re photographing a
bird or animal, the eye is
almost always a safe bet for
the center of interest.
1. A powerful
way to guide
the viewer’s
attention
2. Ideal for
emphasizin
g the main
subject
3. The
subject
doesn’t
have to
be small
f. Angle Of View
• The Level Of Your Camera Is Placed At The Same Height As
The Eyes Of The Characters In Your Frame.
• Is An Angle Of View When The Camera Is Held & Shot At The
Same Eye Level As The Model, Object Or Animal That You Are
Photographing.
Angle Of View

The position refers to the height

at which the camera is held
relative to the ground.
Holding the camera at
• a normal position to your eye low position
is known as ‘eye-level
position’,
• at a position higher than your high position
eye is referred to ‘high
position’,
• at a low level, such as when
you are squatting, is known as
eye-level position
‘low position’.
 The angle refers to the degree at which the camera points
Angle Of View towards the subject.
Holding the camera at
• a horizontal level to the subject is known as ‘eye-level
angle’,
• facing downwards is known as ‘high angle’,
• facing upwards is known as ‘low angle’.

eye-level angle

high angle

low angle
Bottom angle
Low angle
Top angle
1.Eye level. This view shows the product as you’d see it looking
straight on.
2.High angle.This view shows the product as if you’re looking down
at it from an angle.
3.Low angle. This view shows the product as if you’re looking up at
it from the floor.
4.Bird’s eye. This view shows the product as if you’re standing over
it.
5.Slanted. This view shows the product from one side.
g. Background
• Part or element of scene that is behind
• A background is normally considered secondary to the subject. This
is by virtue of its relative importance compared to the main subject.
• An effective background will add to the story, providing valuable
information about your setting, and helping to dramatically enhance
your photo.
• The background is the part of the overall scene.
• The background must not be distracting from the subject.
• Backgrounds should be used to highlight your subject in a context
that helps them to stand out, without being overwhelming.
1. Keep it Simple for a Powerful Composition
2. Use Contrasting Backgrounds
3. Blur the Background
4. Use the Background to Tell Your Story
h. Framing
• Framing in photography refers to the technique of drawing focus to the
subject in the photo by blocking other parts of the image with something in the
scene.
• Framing can provide the context for the photo and tell the viewers something
about the person or a place where it was made.
• Frames can be made from a variety of objects and forms, and photographers
often use branches, tunnels, arches, windows or even people to make a frame.
• Famous photographers often used framing to achieve a variety of effects.
Framing
Creative Photography With Angles and Frames
 Photography in product

https://www.pinterest.com/wingwingforever/product-photography-
composition

https://expertphotography.com/sp/p28-cgi-backgrounds-ty

https://www.bigcommerce.com/blog/how-to-rock-product-
photography-on-a-budget/#types-of-product-photography

https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/product-photography-tips