HOW MILK IS PRODUCE?

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2022/2023
 HOW MILK IS PRODUCE?

How does a cow produce milk?

Cows are four-legged animals that belong to the ruminant group. Ruminant
animals are animals that have four stomachs namely rumen, reticulum, omasum,
and abomasum which have different functions in digesting food.
The process of cows producing milk begins when they eat grass and swallow it
roughly which then enters the stomach, which is called the rumen.
In the rumen, grass will mix with water which is then broken down by special
bacteria. After that, the grass will enter the second stomach which is called the
reticulum. In this section, the crushed grass is softened again and formed into
lumps called cud. Then the cud is expelled back through the cow's mouth, where
it is then chewed again until it is very soft for about one minute. The cow then re-
swallows the cud into the third part of the stomach – the omasum. There, it is
pressed to remove water and is further broken down.
Finally, cud enters the fourth stomach compartment, the abomasum, to be
digested. The digested grass then passes through the small intestine, where
essential nutrients keep the cow strong and healthy.The nutrients the cow
receives from eating grass are then converted into milk by the four mammary
glands in the udder, after about 2 or 3 days. Once the nutrients have been turned
into milk, the cows are then ready to produce milk.
 HOW MILK IS PRODUCE?

Dairy cows begin to produce milk after calving.About half an hour later, the milk
started to come out. In this stage, it means that dairy cows have entered the
production or lactation period. The lactation period begins from the moment the
cow produces until it enters the dry period of the cage. The lactation period can
last for about 11 months or 330 days.
The Volume of milk production of dairy cows does not experience much
difference between the age period of 5-10 years. In this period, the highest milk
yield is reached when the cow is 7-8 years old. After the cow reaches 10 years of
age, milk production begins to decrease.
Well, to find out how to milk a cow and the complete and correct process, see the
following review.

The Process Of Milking A Cow

1.Preparation
Before milking, the milker needs to ensure the cleanliness of the cow, the milking
area and personal hygiene. The reason is, dirt that pollutes will cause milk to be
easily damaged (sour).
2.Milking Time
Milking cows is usually done twice a day,
every morning and evening. To produce
good quality milk, the schedule and
frequency of milking must be maintained
regularly. Therefore, milking should be done
at the same time every day before the
milking process is carried out, the cow must
be fed first in order to ensure the
completeness of the nutrients contained in
the milk.

3.How To Milk
Manual milking of cows can be done in the following steps:
a.Before milking, first clean the udder and nipples of the cow with warm water to
stimulate the discharge of milk.
b.Dry the udder and nipples with a clean wipe.
c.Apply coconut oil or other safe lubricant to facilitate milking and avoid injury to
the nipples when milked.
d.Squeeze four nipples by hand until the milk runs out. This process is carried out
by breeders who have been trained to learn the correct position and movement
when milking.
e.To maintain the comfort of cows, one cow should be handled by one person
only.
f.When finished milking, wash the udder and nipples again with warm water.
g.Strain the expressed milk with a filter cloth to separate the fluff, dirt, or food
residue that has entered the milk.
h.After the milk has been measured with a measuring device, transfer the milk
into a container or clean plastic bag.
i.Milk ready for distribution
 HOW MILK IS PRODUCE?

UHT milk processing procesS

In the process of processing UHT milk known two types of heating:
1.Direct heating type
In this type, there is a mixing between milk and hot steam, either in the form of
injection of hot steam into milk or injection of milk into hot steam.
2.Indirect heating
For this process, there is no contact between hot steam and milk, usually widely
used in various types of “Plate Heat Exchange” (PHE). Packaged milk processing
that is often applied in the milk processing industry includes the following
processes.
2.1. Mixing
This stage is the beginning of the process of making packaged milk. Here the milk
is mixed with supporting ingredients, such as sugar, stabilizers (stabilizers),
flavoring ingredients (flavor) and dyes.
2.2. TERMINAL
Milk is heated to a low temperature before pasteurization. At this stage the milk
begins to be heated to a temperature of about 65 degrees Celsius within a few
seconds .
2.3. Pasteurization
The pasteurization stage in the milk making process is by heating the milk at a
temperature of about 80-90 degrees Celsius for a few seconds to free the milk
from pathogenic microbes so that the milk is safe for consumption.
2.4. Homogenization
The homogenization process of milk is done at a pressure of about 2900 psi, the
goal is to homogenize the amount of milk fat globules.
2.5. Sterilization
Is the main heating process of making packaged milk. The main goal is to kill all
pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria and reduce the number of bacterial
spores so that milk can be stored for a long time without refrigeration.
2.6. Regeneration
The process of cooling milk after sterilization . At this stage, the milk temperature
is lowered to a temperature of 28 degrees Celsius.
2.7. FILLING (FILLING)
This is the final stage of the milk production process. At this stage the resulting
sterile milk is immediately packaged through the “filling” stage into the container
provided and has been sterilized.Milk packaged using this aseptic technology can
be stored at room temperature for months, provided that the packaging is not
damaged or has not been opened at all. Each multilayer aseptic packaging was
sterilized again one by one automatically before being filled with milk.