Presented By:

 
Awais Sohail
 
Presented To:
 
Mam Hina Masood
 
Class:
 
BBA-5-A
 
Roll no#
 
008

1
Article Review:

Title of the Article: Educational Psychology

Author: Jason Crews

Date of publication: October 11, 2007

PHYSICAL PSYHCOSOCAL MORAL DEVELOPMENT OF

ADOLECENTS

Introduction:
Adolescence is a term usually used to refer to children eleven, twelve, and thirteen years old,
but it can also be used to refer to children as young as ten. The primary marker used to
delineate students who have left middle childhood and entered adolescence is the child’s
entry into puberty. Adolescence is a time of unparalleled change. Teens experience joy,
despair, apathy, and confusion, sometimes all within the space of an hour. The body changes
and becomes unfamiliar nevertheless adolescence is a time when crucial habits are formed,
and decisions are made which have a life-long impact. That is why it is important for
educators to understand what characterises their students in order to be effective in the
classroom.

Summary:
Although, the exact age at which a child reaches puberty and begins their physical transition
into adulthood varies, children can begin puberty as young as eight. Females can begin
developing breasts as young as eight reaching full physical maturity as late as eighteen or
nineteen years old. Another important milestone in the physical development of females is
the beginning of their menstrual periods which typically occur between the ages of twelve
and thirteen here in the United States. Males, however, generally begin experiencing the
signs puberty a little later in their lives. They will begin experiencing scrotal and testicular
enlargement followed closely by the lengthening of the penis as early as 9 years old. The full
onset of puberty is normally marked by the onset of nocturnal emissions, wet dreams, usually
occurring between fourteen and fifteen years old.
Parallel to physical changes, psychological and social changes occur that also mark
adolescence as a critical stage in becoming an adult. Adolescence is often marked by the
child’s attempts to establish their identity. According to Erik Erickson the period is marked
by crisis between role identity and role confusion. The adolescent begins to ask themselves
questions such as “What am I good at?”, “How do others perceive me?”, and “What kind of
person am I This process is often difficult for adolescents because they may change
periodically in terms of their self-concept. As adolescents enhance their understanding of
themselves, they actually become more aware of their own emotions and feelings and how
these feelings affect their daily lives. As a result they slowly begin to change their self-
identity, which is how they perceive their characteristics and abilities fit with the
opportunities that are available to them.
Because moral reasoning is primarily shaped during early adolescence questions of when that
development begins and how it occurs become important. However, questions about moral

2
development are more difficult to discuss given the disagreement on the definition of
morality. In spite of this disagreement one of the primary functions of middle schools
remains to meet the developmental needs of early adolescents. Middle school proponents
contend that early adolescence is an important definitional stage in human development
during which a person's value system and behaviour is shaped.

Methodology:
Auther used word-based method it is the most relied and widely used global technique for
research and data analysis. Notably, the data analysis process in qualitative research is
manual. Here the researchers usually read the available data and find repetitive or commonly
used words.

Limitations and suggestions:

Adolescent students endure numerous physical, psychosocial, moral, and cognitive changes
on a daily basis. Those changes often cause adolescents to conflict with their family,
teachers, and even cause conflict within their selves. By attempting to understand and
appreciate what they are going through we as educators can help them through this turbulent
phase of their lives, and enrich them with a quality education.