Plant Nursery Monitoring System (Paraphrased) Pre - Oral

West Visayas State University
Calinog Campus
Calinog, Iloilo
SCHOOL OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
1
Chapter 1
Introduction
Chapter One covers seven parts Chapter 1 has eight parts: (1) Background of
the Study; (2) Statement of the Problem; (3) Objectives of the Study; (4) Conceptual
Framework; (5) Definition of Terms; (6) Significance of the Study; (7) Purpose and
Description; (8) Scope and Limitation of the Study.
Part One, Background of the Study; explain the overview about the system.
Part Two, Statement of the Problem, Presents the specific information that is
pertinent to the system.
Part Three, Objectives of the Study, defines the goals of the system that need
to be achieved.
Part Four, Conceptual Framework, discusses the Input, Process, and Output of
Plant Nursery Watering System.
Part Five, Definition of Terms, defines conceptually and operationally the
significant terms used in this study.
Part Six, Significance of the Study, specifies the benefits that may be obtained
from the findings of the study.
Part Seven, Purpose and Description, states the functions of the capstone
project.
Part Eight, Delimitation of the Study, informs about the specific areas of the
study and sets the limits of the study.

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This chapter provides information regarding the sort of study being conducted by
the researchers as stated in this text. Farmer’s plant nurseries will be the subject of this
research. This research is being carried out to develop a system that will help the
caretaker speed up the process of watering plants. It will be carried out with the help of
an agriculturist and the proprietor of C.D RIDGE Farm in Brgy. Calinog, San Nicolas.
Additionally, this chapter explains the benefits of the suggested method in terms
of minimizing the tracking of plant and soil conditions prior to watering the plants using
the soil moisture sensor and weather API. The researchers will develop a system that
will automatically manage the flow of the water to plants, whether or not the caretaker
is there. As a result, there will be less water and soil damage.
Background of the study
According to Dr. Bugbee (2018), "We can produce food without fossil fuels, but
we cannot grow food without water." A plant requires roughly 80 - 90 percent of the
water it requires to thrive. There are several reasons why plants require water, including
photosynthesis, cooling, and moving minerals and nutrients from the soil to the plants.
Information and communication technology is creating and implementing
innovative ICT in agriculture, which provides a wide range of answers to agricultural
difficulties (Nevine G, 2019). According to Adamu, Mahmoud, and Paul (2015), a plant
nursery acts as a breeding environment for plants that are developed and nurtured into
useable size. Dr. Ferris (2009) stated that weather plays a significant role in agriculture,
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and that severe weather and soil erosion may cause physical damage to plants. Water
shortage in soil and subsequent water, stress on plants, soil moisture conditions, and
the assessment of will affect the drought/water surplus in the soil where plants are
required (Russato L, et. al, 2017). As stated by Elangovan, R., Santhanakrishnan, N. et.
al., (2018) by regularly monitoring and recording these garden factors, it is possible to
inform the user about the health and growth of the plants. Soil and air temperature,
humidity, sunlight, soil moisture, and pH are key criteria for the quality and productivity
of plant growth. It offers a deeper comprehension of how each parameter impacts plant
growth. Temperature, wetness, humidity, and pH sensors all communicate with the
Raspberry Pi controller during the course of this project. Additionally, with IoT the
garden owner can directly monitor and manage this information from his or her
smartphone. This intelligent gardening device will make gardening easier and provide
solace to the user by detecting and managing the garden's conditions without their
actual physical presence.
According to Mr Gumana, owner of Cd ridge farm, before watering the plants, it
is necessary to check or evaluate the soil moisture and weather for that day, as well as
the increasing growth of the seed to determine if it has a disease or when it is suitable
for rebagging. Plant watering is an important aspect of nursery production, (Ying,
Arbaiy, Salikon, and Rahman 2017), and a timely and adequate supply of water is crucial
for plant growth. An automated watering system for a plant nursery and soil moisture
sensors that can detect current soil moisture levels. If the soil moisture level falls below
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the acceptable moisture levels, the system will require watering and show the current
soil moisture level and the required moisture level (Fernando & Gunasekara, 2020).
Statement of the Problem
The researchers recognized the flaws while designing this system.
The general problem lies in the management of the water flow for watering
plants.
Specifically, (1) there is no automatic control for watering plants flow into various
weather conditions and various soil moisture. (2) There is no indicator or gauge to water
level in the storage tank.
Objectives of the Study
The overall goal of this research is to create a system that can manage the flow
of water from the source outlet for watering plants.
The study's specific goal is to automatically water plants (1) relying on changes in
weather conditions and with varying soil moisture. (2) Notify caretaker about the water
level in the storage tank.
Conceptual Framework
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Input Process Output
Knowledge
Requirements
Soil Moisture
Weather
Amount of Water
Software Plant Nursery
Requirements Watering System
Arduino IDE
MySQL
Hardware Design and
Requirements Development of Plant
Nursery Watering
Desktop, PC/Laptop
System
Soil Sensors
ESP8622
Breadboard
Water Pump
Relay
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of Plant Nursery Watering System

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Definition of terms
This section presents the conceptual and operational definitions of terms as used
in the study.
Caretaker. The term refers to someone who looks after the land when the owner
is not there (Merriam- Webster Dictionary, 2022)
The "caretaker" in this study referred to someone who looks after the plants at
the nursery.
Farmer. The term refers to a person who pays a predetermined price in
exchange for some benefit or source of income (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2022).
The "farmer" in this study referred to the owner or person who cultivates the
land or crops.
Nursery. The term refers to a location where plants are grown for transplanting,
stock for budding and grafting, or sale (Britannica, 2022).
The "nursery" in this study referred to the area where the seed is sown and
cultivated.
Plant. The term refers to any photosynthetic creature with cellulose cell walls
that does do have locomotive movement or visible nerve or sensory organs (Merriam-
Webster Dictionary, 2022).
The "plant" in this study referred to nursery seedlings.
Soil Moisture. The term refers to a soil's capacity to provide moisture to plants
(Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2022).

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The "soil moisture" in this study referred to the state of the soil, whether wet or
dry.
Weather. The term refers to the state of the air and atmosphere at a specific
time and location, as well as the temperature and outdoor circumstances (such as rain,
cloudiness, and so on) at that time and location (Merriam - Webster Dictionary, 2022).
The "weather" in this study referred to the atmospheric conditions that must be
met before watering the plants.
Watering. The term refers to the liquid that falls from the sky as rain and
produces streams, lakes, and oceans (Merriam - Webster Dictionary, 2022).
The "watering" in this study referred to automatically watering the plants based
on weather and soil moisture measurement.
Water Flow. The term refers to the amount of water that flows (when it passes
through a valve) per unit of time (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2022).
The "water flow" in this study referred to the amount of water required in the
nursery area.
Water Outlet. The term refers to a water discharge opening that supplies a
plumbing fixture, boiler, or heating system, as well as any device or piece of equipment
that is not part of a plumbing system yet, requires water to function (Encyclopaedia,
2022).
The "water outflow" in this study refers to the primary supply of water required
by plant nurseries.
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Significance of the Study
The findings of the study will be significant for the following:
Caretaker. The study's findings will assist them in reducing the time spent
watering the entire nursery.
Farmer. This research will help farmers save money on water waste by
automating the system's control.
Provincial Environment Natural Resources Office (PENRO). This study will help
Department of Agriculture (DA). This study will help the Department of
Agriculture increase the number of crops it sells without spending too much money.
Researcher. The results of this study will give the researchers with fresh insights,
information, and skills to help them build the system. They will also gain experience
during the co-study and will be taught how to work as a team to complete this capstone
project.
Future Researchers. Future researchers may find the data gained in this work
beneficial in designing their systems.
Purpose and Description
This research is being conducted for farmers who own and operate plant
nurseries. It will assist them in doing their tasks more quickly, easily, and convenient, as
well as increasing their goods and income at a reduced cost. All of the facts and
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information acquired will be reviewed and evaluated to solve the problem and create a
new and improved system.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study is being done to assist farmers and caretakers in reducing their
workload and making plant nursery maintenance faster and easier. It will be undertaken
at C.D RIDGE FARM in Barangay San Nicolas, Calinog, Iloilo, and will also be tested by
PENRO Nursery situated at WVSU Calinog. The study will entail managing the quantity
of water to be given in watering the plants based on the present weather condition and
soil moisture. It also discusses when to water plants.
This study is capable of having an automated watering only in the nursery area
with water tank by determining the humidity, chance of rain, precipitation, amount of
rain drops and temperature via weather API. And also determine the soil moisture status
via soil moisture sensor.

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Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature and Systems
Chapter Two includes Four Parts: (1) Technical Background; (2) Review of
Foreign or Local Literature; (3) Review of Foreign or Local System; and Synthesis.
Part One, Technical Background, discusses about the technology that are about
to use and discusses the aspects of web based system and database system.
Part Two, Review of Foreign or Local Literature, describe the sources of
information and shows the reader what we have read concerning a particular topic.
Part Three, Review of Foreign or Local System, explains the procedural design
employed in the production of the software.
Part Four, Synthesis, presents the proposed project.
Technical Background
Researchers of the project have gathered, and all essential research has been
done, for a brainstorming session on the technology that will be employed. Look for
tools and technologies that will assist enhance the development system while the
project is still in process.

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The plant nursery monitoring system is a computerized system which considers
the weather and soil conditions before watering the plants in the nursery area. To detect
the weather, the device is linked to a weather forecast, and a sensor is utilized to
determine soil moisture.
The researchers will use the Node.js in javascript runtime environment that
enable to run normally in a computer browser. Javascript is a programming language for
a web that is intentionally made to run on web browsers. Node.js will be chosen by the
researchers because it is a highly secured, performant and very flexible.
Review of Foreign or Local Literature
Foreign Literature
Influence of soil moisture regimes on growth, photosynthetic capacity, leaf
biochemistry, and reproductive capabilities of the invasive agronomic weed; Lactuca
serriola
In this study of Chadha, A., Florentine, S.K., et. al., (2019). Stated that global
temperatures are anticipated to climb by 1.5 – 5.9°C this century, altering average
rainfall, with predictions that water shortages will be the most severe danger to
sustainable agriculture. In this aspect, invasive weeds, which have features that are
more suited to drought stress than crops, add to agricultural sustainability difficulties.
Experiments were conducted in this work to explore the influence of varied soil moisture
regimes (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% water holding capacity (WHC)) on this species'
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growth, photosynthetic capability, leaf biochemistry, and reproduction. Temperatures
are anticipated to climb by 1.5–5.9 degrees Celsius worldwide. The amount of moisture
in the soil had a substantial impact on the plant's height, stem diameter, number of
leaves, and biomass. At 75 percent soil moisture content, the highest plant height
(115.14 cm 11.64), shoot diameter (9.4 mm 0.18), leaf area (1206.5 mm2 73.29), plant
fresh weight (83.13.98), and dry weight (22.38 1.24) were measured. Plants under the
25% WHC treatment exhibited the largest root: shoot ratio, indicating basic adaptability
to drought. The 25% WHC treatment had the greatest soluble sugars and total phenolic
content, which was substantially different from the 100% WHC treatment, which was a
reaction to soil moisture stress to mitigate the detrimental effects of reactive oxygen
species created under stress circumstances. To complete its life cycle and generate
biomass and seeds in water-stressed circumstances, methods that decrease weed
survival while maximizing crop irrigation efficiency must be used. A thorough
understanding of this weed's ecological and biological properties will enable land
managers to implement suitable management techniques to limit the species' impact on
commercial crop productivity.
Automatic plant monitoring system
According to the study of Kishore, K.K Kumar, S.M & Murthy, M. B. S., (2017).
The automatic plant monitoring system has recently attracted tremendous interest due
to the potential application in emerging technology. More importantly, this technique is
used to enhance the performance of existing techniques or to develop and design new
techniques for the growth of plants. The plant monitoring system is helpful for watering
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the plants and to monitor few parameters for growth of plants. This system is very used
in few areas like nursery farms and in agriculture. In this system a mechanism is
established to find the moisture content in the soil with the help of soil moisture sensor
and depending upon the condition of the sensor the water is controlled. Another
important parameter is by capturing the images of the plant by using Arduino interfaced
building a feature vector database and retrieving photographs from the database that
are comparable to the query image using a camera, and analysing the image using
image processing to evaluate and determine the disease afflicted. This aids in giving
plants the right amount of water, which lessens conditions like mud cracks and water
logging. This makes it possible to irrigate the area even at night, eliminating the need
for the farmer to manually turn on the motor.
Local Literature
Automated Greenhouse Vertical Farming with Wind and Solar Hybrid Power
System
A greenhouse is a structure with mostly transparent walls and roof that is used
to grow plants that require controlled climatic conditions. And for continuous operation,
some significant greenhouse processes, such as irrigation and ventilation, necessitate
human care and assistance. To achieve such a goal while minimizing manpower support
and intervention, it is best to fully automate the greenhouse. It has an integrated
temperature control system for its ventilation to keep the plant at the desired
temperature. The watering system was built with a submersible pump that pumps water
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from the reservoir up to the water piping system, where it flows down to the various
vertical plant mount tubings that contain the various plants. Finally, the water returns to
the reservoir from which it came and is conserved. A timer is also provided by the
irrigation system to meet the watering requirements. The greenhouse has an off-grid
power system that is solar and wind powered and can operate independently. Finally, it
employs vertical farming technology, which increases plant production several times
over for a given land area when compared to conventional methods. This improves crop
quality with the developed system by Merin, J. V., et. al., (2019).
Internet of Things in the Philippine Agribusiness
Yasay, J.J (2021) stated in his study that a nation's inclusive growth and rural
development can be significantly impacted by integrating agriculture with widely
available technologies to increase production. This literature analysis makes it
abundantly evident that, in order to fully take advantage of IoT's myriad benefits, a
comprehensive framework for the sector is essential and deserving of investigation.
Relatively speaking, the Philippines may be seen as being on the right road because it
was able to construct a three-phase strategy including a range of elements, including
technologies to spur regional economic development and create new regional agriculture
hubs.
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Review of Foreign or Local System
Foreign Literature
Plant Watering Management System Using Fuzzy Logic Approach in Oil Palm
Nursery
According to Ying, L. C., Arbaiy, N., et, al., (2017). Plant watering is a critical
component of nursery productivity. In oil palm farms, the nursery provides the
cornerstone for good seedling production. Nurseries grow plants at various phases of
growth. A timely and adequate supply of water is critical. As a result, a proper
arrangement should be constructed to meet the water demands of a nursery. Due to
factors such as rainfall and watering time, nursery supervisors may have difficulty
determining the precise quantity of water required by plants. The choice to identify the
amount of required water is critical to avoid excessive or insufficient water delivery,
which hurt plant growth. As a result, a Water Management System based on a fuzzy
approach is offered to help the nursery supervisor manage the nursery's watering
system more successfully. It predict the amount of water required based on external
characteristics such as rainfall and watering time. The nursery supervisor has access to
the watering simulation, which shows the watering status of each plant bed in the
nursery. This method stresses its value in assisting nursery managers in managing and
monitoring watering chores for improved nursery management.

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Smart Nursery with Health Monitoring System through Integration of IoT and
Machine Learning
According to Singh, R., Singh, P., & Kharb, L. (2020). The Internet of Things
(IoT) and artificial intelligence are two prominent technologies that have revolutionized
every aspect of human existence by making things smarter than before. The Internet of
Things leads to a network of things, which generates a self-configuring network.
Improving agricultural productivity is critical to meeting the world's constantly expanding
food demand. The authors have introduced a smart greenhouse in this chapter by
combining two market-leading technologies (i.e., Machine Learning and IoT). In the
proposed model, several sensors are used for data collection and managing the
environment of a greenhouse. The concept is to present an IoT and Machine Learning-
based smart nursery that aids in seed growth and monitoring. The structure will be a
dome-like structure for observation and isolation of an egg with various sensors like
pressure, humidity, temperature, light, moisture, conductivity, air quality, etc. to monitor
the nursery’s internal environment and maintain the control and flow of water and other
minerals inside the nursery. The nursery will include a solar panel that will store the
power generated by the sun, as well as a tiny fan that will manage the flow of air and
pressure. Inside the nursery, a camera will be installed that will utilize computer vision
technology to monitor the health of the plant and will be educated on previous data to
tell the user if the plant is unhealthy or requires attention.

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Local Literature
Plant Monitoring System for Vegetable Growers
Santiago Jr, C. S., Murray, J. A. V., Pieza, L. Z. D., & Dizon, S. (2020) aimed to
design and develop on Plant Monitoring System for Vegetable Growers with an android
application. The developed system help farmers water their plants according to their
needs, determining the soil moisture, temperature, and humidity with their respective
sensors. In the study, a descriptive-development design was used. The Systematic
Engineering Process is also used to build the system. It is concerned with the
development of hardware prototypes, whereas Android Studio and the Arduinio
Integrated Development Environment (IDE) were used to create the system's software
to make use of its hardware. The system's functional acceptability was evaluated by one
hundred twenty (120) evaluators, who included farmers, agriculturists, and IT
specialists, by hardware quality standards. The system was evaluated in terms of
usefulness, durability, cost-effectiveness, safety, and marketability. The study's findings
indicated that the system performed well in terms of functionality, receiving an
adjectival grade of very excellent from three (3) groups of system assessors. In terms of
durability, the system has to be more robust to be more stable and solid. In addition to
cost savings, the system must employ materials that are appropriate for making it more
lasting. The system is secure and ready for the end-user to utilize. The findings
suggested that the system was capable of meeting the requirements, particularly in
terms of safety, as the system demonstrated an absence of injury when in operation.

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The construction of a plant monitoring system might harness its power in maintaining
farmers' output of plants or vegetables, thereby contributing to the enhancement of
their life through automated aid in watering and monitoring plants or vegetables.
Internet of Things Applied to Solar-Powered Smart Agricultural Monitoring
System: A Prototype Development
As stated by Velasco, R.M., (2019) introduces the plant monitoring and smart
irrigation prototype development utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT). The primary goal
of development is to create a utility model. In order to monitor a vegetable farm's
irrigation system, a prototype with a combined technology was created. During the
development process, an adaptive technique from traditional irrigation was used to
depict and validate features of smart irrigation's conceptual design a circuit board was
created designed and developed to place GSM and Wi-Fi modules, microcontrollers,
relays, and other components transistors, capacitors, and other electronic components.
Photovoltaic energy was used to power the vehicle to perform its electrical duty on the
circuit board Soil moisture sensors were employed as IoT devices, sensors, an Arduino
microcontroller, a module for the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Wi-
Fi module, as well as solenoid valves Cloud computing combined with the usage of many
Hypertext Pre-processor (PHP), MySQL database, and Arduino are examples of
development software. The Integrated Development Environment (IDE) was used. IoT
Application Quality Management experts and was certified using quality standards in
terms of utility, dependability, efficiency, and mobility. Costs related to the prototype's
development, as well as the materials used, were presented. One of the alternatives to
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standard irrigation systems is a solar-powered smart irrigation system the Philippine
Islands is one of the solutions to the problem of water scarcity in vegetable farming.
The outcomes indicate that this can be implemented to reduce water loss and reduce
the Farming requires a lot of labor.
Justification of the present Project (Synthesis)
Plant watering is an important part of nursery production, timely and right
amount of a water supply is essential to plant growth. An automated watering system
was required for watering soil moisture and weather.
The study entitled “Influence of soil moisture regimes on growth, photosynthetic
capacity, leaf biochemistry, and reproductive capabilities of the invasive agronomic
weed; Lactuca serriola” by Chadha, A., Florentine, S. K., et.al., (2019), getting the soil
moisture, the temperature and the water usage and water shortage will be the most
severe danger to sustainable agriculture. “Automatic plant monitoring system” Kishore,
K. Kumar, S.M, (2017) is developing new techniques for the growth of the plants which
help to water the plants and monitor the growth of the plants which similar to our study
that having an automated watering system in nursery area and eliminating the need for
the farmer to manually turn on the motor. But irrelevant in terms of the possibility to
irrigate the area even at night. The “Automated Greenhouse Vertical Farming with Wind
and Solar Hybrid Power System” by Lampayan, R. M., Samoy-Pascual, K. C., et.al.,
(2015) which is using a watering system, defining the temperature in the area, using a
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submersible water pump that pumping a water from the source outlet/reservoir and a
timer to meet the certain amount of water that is needed. The automatic plant
monitoring system has recently attracted tremendous interest to the potential
application in emerging technology. But not the same in terms of Arduino using a solar
and wind power to operate the system. And a timer is also provided by the irrigation
system to meet the watering requirements. “Internet of Things in the Philippine
Agribusiness” by Yasay, J.J (2021) study says that the agriculture in Philippines present
an IOT for farming which is similar to our study that uses IOT.
Based on this system entitled “Plant Watering Management System Using Fuzzy
Logic Approach in Oil Palm Nursery” by Ying, Arbaiy, Salikon, & Ab Rahman (2017) is
relevant in the watering of the plant is important in the production of the nursery.
Proper water is required in the nursery and determining the amount of water that came
out from the source but unrelated in using the source of water which is rainfall and
watering time is used to determine the sufficient amount of water. And in line with
“Smart Nursery with Health Monitoring System through Integration of IoT and Machine
Learning” by Singh, R. Singh P. & Kharb, L. (2020) using IOT and soil moisture to water
the plants and irrelevant in monitoring the health of the seed and growing plant.
The “Plant Monitoring System for Vegetable Growers” by Flores, K. O., Butaslac,
I. M. et.al., (2020), the developing a plant monitoring system to help farmers to water
their plant according to their needs by determining the soil moisture with its respective
sensor, but irrelevant in our study in determining the humidity of the soil and for using
an android studio and arduinio IDE. The “Internet of Things Applied to Solar-Powered
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Smart Agricultural Monitoring System: A Prototype Development” by Velasco, R. M. A.
(2019). It is used the soil moisture sensors that employed IoT devices, Wi-Fi module,
relays as well as MySQL database, and also to reduce water loss and a lot of labor that
require in farming but unrelated in terms of using solar powered for smart irrigation,
using of Hypertext Pre-processor (PHP), Global system for Mobile Communications
(GSM) and Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE).

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Chapter 3
Design and Methodology
This chapter describes the process and techniques used in the development of
the proposed system. The chapter is divided into three sections: (1) requirements
analysis; (2) requirements documentation; (3) design and software, systems, products,
and processes; and (4) implementation plan.
Part One, Requirement Analysis, describes software features.
Part Two, Requirement Documentation, describes the software’s process.
Part Three, Design of Software, Systems, Product and or Processes, organizes
and designs the overall structure of a system.
Part Four, Implementation Plan, identifies requirements for implementation and
deployment of the proposed system.
Requirement Analysis
According to Sparx Systems Pty Ltd. (2022). The Use Case diagram defines and
visualizers used to define and visualize Use Cases and the Actors who extract value from
the system. The Use Case diagram depicts the link between the Actors and the Use
Cases by enclosing the Use Case inside a Boundary that defines the system's perimeter;
the Actors, by definition, lie outside the Boundary. It may look simple, but it is a strong
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communication tool that communicates the value or objectives that external roles gain
by engaging with the system. Each Use Case may be described in-depth, with
restrictions and scenarios including sets of steps executed alternately by the Actor and
system to achieve the intended outcome.
Figure 2 indicates that a manual current watering system requires two
components to function properly determining the weather and soil moisture. This system
will only be used by the caretaker to check the condition of their plants.
Figure 2. Use Case for Current Nursery Watering System

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Requirement Documentation
Figure 3 shows the flow of how the system works/operated by its user. It
illustrates the steps on how the system will be used.
Dashboard
The dashboard shows the status of Soil moisture and the weather then History
and notification. It enables the users for quick access of the information they needed.
Weather
This page shows an hourly update of a weather, including the location, humidity,
temperature, feels like, chance of rain, and amount of precipitation.
History
This page shows when the watering done, it includes the time, soil moisture
status, and weather.
Notification
This page shows the notification done, when the water tank is full or low. It
provides an early warning to the caretaker about the status of water in the tank.
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Storyboard
History
Figure 3. Story Board of Plant Nursery Watering System

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Design of Software, Systems, Product, and or Processes
This diagram illustrates the system's content and how it will function. When the
caretaker wishes to know the state of the watering system for their plants in the nursery
area, this system will interact with the user. When entering the system, the caregiver
must log in using the default login and password. Following that, you will notice the
Home where the current soil moisture is presented and the weather where the current
temperature condition is displayed. To see more features, simply click the weather
status. The Recent section follows, where you may view the history of the watering
status. Then there are Account settings, where you may modify the system's login and
password. Finally, log out, which means close the system.
Figure 4. Architectural Diagram for Plant Watering System

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According to Davin Iddo (2019). It is a methodical approach that makes it
feasible to produce software of the highest quality at the lowest cost and in the shortest
amount of time. Producing top-notch software that meets and surpasses all client
expectations and needs is the aim of the SDLC and involves continuous, incremental
growth through small and frequent releases which has six phases the (1) plan, (2)
design, (3) develop, (4) test, (5) release, and (6) feedback.
The first phase is Plan. In this phase you must define the requirements. Explain
the business opportunities and plan the time and effort needed to build for the project.
The second phase is Design. When the project's needs are defined, the diagram
can be used to show the work of new features and how it will relate to the existing
system using a flow diagram or a high-level UML diagram.
The third phase Develop. The work begins, designers and developers begin their
projects with the goal of deploying a good product. It goes through several stages of
development, including a rudimentary and minimum functionality.
The fourth phase Test. During this phase, the team creates a product for the
user's workplace.
The fifth phase is Release. The product is issues by the team for the user's
workplace.
And the last phase is Feedback. After the product is released, the team receives
feedback and works through the feedback.

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Figure 5. SDLC waterfall model
Requirements
Conducting an investigation into how the system works and its limitations was
carried out in order to determine where to begin with the proposed system in this stage.
The input and output of the system will be determined based on the analysis. During
this phase, all data is gathered through an interview to RIDGE FARM owner, related
studies, and systems in order to comprehend the design as well as the function and
purpose. We also chose the Arduino IDE as a programming IDE. The requirements are
analyzed during this phase by the researcher. The plan is examine in order to develop a
feasible completion timeline. We determine the problem and other things we need in
order to create our system from the information we gathered during our interview to the
PENRO nursery caretaker. The. According Loreno R. (2022) the caretaker of PENRO
nursery in 200 square meter, minimum of two caretaker can manage the entire area.
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The amount of water in watering the plant will be depend upon the age of it which can
be determined by days since it is planted. In summer season it requires two times a day
in watering the plants which weather is really need to consider. It is recommended to
water the plants early in the morning 5 – 6 am where the sun is not yet rise and late in
the afternoon 5 pm where the soil is already cool down. The plants will die if the soil is
still hot upon watering.

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Figure 6. Gantt chart
Design
This phase's necessity determinations are concentrated in this phase, and the system
configuration is prepared. This system configuration contributes to the overall design of
the system architecture.

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The researchers examined the requirement specifications from the second phase
before designing the software that serves as the user control automation system with
JavaScript.
Develop
This is the stage in the system development process where the actual source
code is written, implementing all of the processes, practices, models, and methodologies
used to develop the system.
In this phase, the researchers used information gathered during the design
phase and integrated it into the development process to develop this project. The
researchers used JavaScript for programming. It is used to wirelessly control the
prototype.
Test
This phase includes system testing in the PENRO nursery. To see if the system is
well-functioning, it involves keeping track of the system, making changes to the system,
and continuing to improve the system's performance. Finally, end-user testing to be
conducted ensure that the system functions as intended in the real environment.
Release
The deployment of our system will happen in C.D Ridge Farm. This will be
happened after fixing all the errors, bugs and any changes after the testing period.
Making changes to the system or a single component in order to change characteristics
or improve performance.
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Feedback
After the deployment stage, the respondent will give his feedback on the system.
This phase will check if there are some bug or system issue that occur during the
system operation.
Implementation Plan
The Plant Nursery Monitoring System is an automation system that helps users
monitor and water their plants. This can be accomplished by simply opening the system
in the JavaScript and Arduino IDE and using the Soil Moisture Sensor and Weather API.
When the user opens the system, showing the system interface, which will show them
the soil moisture level, the current weather update, and the status of the watering
system. They will see the system logs of what time, weather status, and soil moisture
did the watering occur.
In implementing this system will be tested at PENRO Nursery located at Calinog
Iloilo. The system will create using JavaScript and MySQL for the database. Through the
soil moisture sensor and weather the system will generate the water. This system will be
using weather API to determine the current local weather status and will be installed
using the arduinio device.

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STRATEGY ACTIVITIES PERSONS INVOLVED DURATION
Approval from the Giving Letters for Researcher/ 7 DAYS

PENRO the PENRO Caretaker PENRO
Installation of the
System Installation system and required Researcher/ 2 DAY
software and Caretaker PENRO
hardware
USER MANUAL
Information FLYERS Caretaker 1 Day

Distribution
POSTERS
1 Day Training Hands on Training Caretaker 1 Day

and Lectures
Table 1. Sample of Implementation Plan
Chapter 4
Presentation of the Pre Proposed System, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

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Chapter four includes seven parts: (1) The Proposed System; (2) Technical
Specifications; (3) System Implementation; (4) System Inputs and Outputs; (5) Results
and Discussion; (6) Project Evaluation; (7) Summary of Evaluation Results.
Part One, The Proposed System, summarizes the Proposed System.
Part Two, Technical Specifications, described the hardware, software, and user
specification of the proposed system.
Part Three, System Implementation, presents how the system will be
implemented and its maintenance after its implementation and testing.
Part Four, System Inputs and Outputs, show the system requirements for
processing (input) and the results of the processing (outputs).
Part Five, Results and Discussion, discuss the results of the study.
Part Six, Project Evaluation, presents the result of the evaluation and suggestion
of the jurors for the improvement of the proposed system.
Part Seven, Summary of Evaluation Results, summarize the results of all
evaluation.
The Proposed System

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The proposed system, ‘Plant Nursery Watering System’ makes us automatized
the watering system for the nursery planters caretakers by getting the soil moisture and
the current weather status.
At present, the caretakers of the nurseries are using a manual method to water
the plants, they need to check each of the nursery plants soil moisture and manually
determine the current weather status.
Figure 9, shows the process of automated watering system. First the caretaker
will view the system dashboard which shows the home, and history which needs to
connect to a weather web API to acquire weather information. Lastly the system needs
to have an access to plant status, the system receives soil moisture data and with that
data the system will can recognized if plants needs to be watered.

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Figure 7. Data Flow Diagram of the Plant Nursery Monitoring System
Technical Specifications
Software Specifications
The Proposed System was developed through the use of Java Net Beans IDE and
GitHub.
Javascript – a programming language that let you to create a complicated
features on web sites, whenever a web page does more than simply sit there and
display static information for you to look at presenting timely content updates,
interactive maps, animated 2D/3D visuals, scrolling video jukeboxes, and so on.
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MySQL – is an Oracle's relational database management system (RDBMS) is built
on structured query language (SQL).
Arduino IDE – it is an open-source program for writing and uploading code to
Arduino boards.
GitHub - It is a web-based version control system used to store project source
code and track the complete history of all changes to that code. It enables developers to
collaborate more effectively on a project by providing tools for managing potentially
conflicting changes from multiple developers. It also enables developers to change,
adapt, and improve software from its public repositories for free, but it charges for
private repositories, offering various paid plans.
Hardware Specifications
Types of Computer
 HP Notebook
o Processor - Intel(R) Pentium(R) CPU N3710 @ 1.60GHz 1.60 GHz
o Installed RAM - 4.00 GB
o System Type - 64-bit operating system, x64-based processor

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 Hardware
i. NodeMCU V3 ESP8266 12e Development Board CH340
It enabled Arduino-alike development board that can significantly decrease
duplicate effort for configuring and manipulating hardware. It makes it easier for
developers to write Node.js-style code for MCUs. It significantly accelerates the
development of your IOT application.
Figure 8. NodeMCU V3 ESP8266 12e Development Board CH340
ii. Soil Moisture Sensor
The Soil Moisture Sensor measures soil water content using capacitance (by
measuring the dielectric permittivity of the soil, which is a function of the water
content).
Simply insert this tough sensor into the soil to be tested, and the volumetric water
content is reported in percent.

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Figure 9. Soil Moisture Sensor
iii. Submersibl Pump
A submersible pump consists of an airtight sealed motor that is tightly coupled to
the pump body. It is efficient because they use less energy moving water into the
pump; water pressure pushes water into a submersible pump, thus "saving" a significant
amount of the pump's energy.
Figure 10. Submersible Pump

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iv. Relay
A power relay module is an electromagnetically operated electrical switch. A
separate low-power signal from a microcontroller activates the electromagnet. The
electromagnet pulls to open or close an electrical circuit when activated.
Figure 11. Relay
v. Breadboard
A breadboard (sometimes called a plug block) is used for building temporary
circuits. It is useful to designers because it allows components to be removed and
replaced easily. It is useful to the person who wants to build a circuit to demonstrate its
action, then to reuse the components in another circuit.

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Figure 12. Breadboard
User Specifications
The user must be familiar with agriculture and computer operations.
Farmers/Caretakers of large or small nursery plantations are the intended users of the
proposed system. He or she must be willing to learn how to use the system.
System Implementation
The implementation of the proposed system will cover the fifth phase of the
System Development Life Cycle (SLDC) for testing the system. The system must be
presented in a logical, orderly and efficient manner to determine the effectiveness of the
proposed system.
To make this feasible, the user must be trained with the usage of the usage
guide and to test the functionality of the system. The researcher would recommend the
use of proper hardware, software and the important instructions that are stated
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accordingly in this documentation which has been carefully studied and designed by the
researchers. Researchers are recommend that the system should be implemented
because it well speed- up the process of watering in the nursery area
System Input and Output
Figure 15 shows the dashboard of the Plant Nursery Watering System. Where
you can see the current status of the weather and the soil moisture. Weather can be
identified by the weather API and the soil moisture can be also identified through the
sensor. At the upper left part history button can be found.
Figure 13. Dashboard

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Figure 16 shows the other feature of weather status. At the upper left the
location can be found and observation time can be found at the upper rigth of the
system , the time and date, temperaure and weather description, feels like, humidity,
chance of rain and lastly the amount of precepitation.
Figure 14. Weather More Features
Figure 17 shows the history of the watering records where time, soil moisture,
temperature, humidity and chance of rain can be found
.
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Figure 15. History

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West Visayas State University

Description; (8) Scope and Limitation of the Study.

pertinent to the system.

Plant Nursery Watering System.

Part Five, Definition of Terms, defines conceptually and operationally the

significant terms used in this study.

from the findings of the study.

study and sets the limits of the study.

is there. As a result, there will be less water and soil damage.

Background of the study

Information and communication technology is creating and implementing

innovative ICT in agriculture, which provides a wide range of answers to agricultural

actual physical presence.

According to Mr Gumana, owner of Cd ridge farm, before watering the plants, it

for rebagging. Plant watering is an important aspect of nursery production, (Ying,

Statement of the Problem

The researchers recognized the flaws while designing this system.

level in the storage tank.

Objectives of the Study

of water from the source outlet for watering plants.

level in the storage tank.

Input Process Output

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of Plant Nursery Watering System

is not there (Merriam- Webster Dictionary, 2022)

Farmer. The term refers to a person who pays a predetermined price in

exchange for some benefit or source of income (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2022).

stock for budding and grafting, or sale (Britannica, 2022).

Webster Dictionary, 2022).

The "plant" in this study referred to nursery seedlings.

(Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2022).

met before watering the plants.

produces streams, lakes, and oceans (Merriam - Webster Dictionary, 2022).

on weather and soil moisture measurement.

through a valve) per unit of time (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2022).

Significance of the Study

The findings of the study will be significant for the following:

watering the entire nursery.

automating the system's control.

Department of Agriculture (DA). This study will help the Department of

beneficial in designing their systems.

Purpose and Description

new and improved system.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

soil moisture. It also discusses when to water plants.

via soil moisture sensor.

Review of Related Literature and Systems

Part Two, Review of Foreign or Local Literature, describe the sources of

employed in the production of the software.

Part Four, Synthesis, presents the proposed project.

project is still in process.

The plant nursery monitoring system is a computerized system which considers

determine soil moisture.

enable to run normally in a computer browser. Javascript is a programming language for

researchers because it is a highly secured, performant and very flexible.

Review of Foreign or Local Literature

Influence of soil moisture regimes on growth, photosynthetic capacity, leaf

biochemistry, and reproductive capabilities of the invasive agronomic weed; Lactuca

growth, photosynthetic capability, leaf biochemistry, and reproduction. Temperatures

biomass and seeds in water-stressed circumstances, methods that decrease weed

survival while maximizing crop irrigation efficiency must be used. A thorough

managers to implement suitable management techniques to limit the species' impact on

commercial crop productivity.