इंटरनेट मानक

Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru
“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”

IS 13194 (1991): Indian script code for information

interchange - ISCII [LITD 20: Indian Language Technologies
and Products]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 AMENDMENT NO. 1 DECEMBER 2010
TO
IS 13194 : 1991 INDIAN SCRIPT CODE FOR
INFORMATION INTERCHANGE — ISCII
(Page 4, clause 4.10) — Insert the following new clause after 4.10.2:

‘4.10.3 Indian Rupee — ` is the symbol for Indian Rupee.’

[Page 5, Table 1 and 2, Hex Code (col F and row C), Dec. Code (col 240
and row 12)] — Insert ‘`’.

(Page 6, Table 3, row ‘FC 252’, col ‘char’) — Insert ‘`’.

(Page 6, Table 3, row ‘FC 252’, col ‘Name’) — Substitute ‘Indian Rupee
Symbol’ for ‘This position shall not be used’.

(Page 6, Note 1) — Insert the following at the end:

‘except FC which has been assigned to Indian Rupee Symbol `.’

(Page 9, clause 9) — Insert the following new clause after 9:

‘10 THE INDIAN RUPEE SYMBOL ON KEYBOARDS

The Indian Rupee Symbol shall be placed on AltGr+4 key for inscript keyboard
layout as well as for keyboards of QWERTY form.’

(Page 12, Annex A) — Insert ‘`’ below the last row of the table under
each column except for column ‘RMN’.

[Page 13, Annex B, Table Hex Code (col F and row C), Dec. Code (col
240 and row 12)] — Insert ‘`’.

[Page 27, Annex H, Symbols (SYM)] — Substitute ‘`’ for ‘
’.

(LITD 20)

Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India

 1s13194 : 1991
( Reaffirmed 2001 )

vTTavm%
~m~ss*f~orr*~Tifi,ar

Indian Standard
INDIAN SCRIPT CODE FOR INFORMATION
INTERCHANGE - DSCII
(First Reprint JANUARY 1993)

UDC 681’3

@ BIS 1991

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

December 1991 Price Group 12

 CONTENTS

PAGE
1. SCOPE 1

2. TERMINOLOGY 1

2.1 Alphabet / Script Terminology 1

2.2 Font / Display Terminology 2

2.3 Character / Coding Terminology 2

2.4 Other Terminology 2

3. ISCII CODE PHILOSOPHY 2

4. NATURE OF INDIAN ALPHABET 3

4.1 The Consonants 3

4.2 Anuswar 3

4.3 Nasalization Sign: Chandrabindu 3

4.4 Visarg 3

4.5 Vowels and Vowel signs 3

4.6 Vowel Omission Sign: Halant 4

4.7 Conjuncts 4

4.8 Diacritic Mark: Nukta 4

4.9 Punctuation 4

4.10 Other Signs 4

4.11 Numerals 4

5. .LAYQUT OF ISCII CODE TABLE 4

6. STRUCTURE OF THE ISCII CODE 7

6.1 Vowels and Matras

6.2 Vowel Modifiers

6.3 Halant

6.4 Invisible Consonant

6.5 The Nukta Character

6.6 Attribute Code

6.7 Extension Code

6.8 Numerals

(i)
 PAGE

7. PROPERTIES OF ISCII CODE 8

7.1 PhoneticSequence 8

7.2 Direct Sorting 8

7.3 Unique Spellings 8

7.4‘ Display Independence 9

7.5 Transliteration 9

8. ISCII CODE SYNTAX 9

8.1 Indian Script Word Syntax 9

8.2 Order within a Syllable 9

9. REFERENCES 9

ANNEXES

A INDIAN SCRIPT ALPHABET CORRESPONDENCE 10

B PC-ISCII CODE 13

C ENGLISH ALPHABET ISCII CODE : EA-ISCII 14

D INSCRIPT KEYBOARD 15

E ATTRIBUTE CODES 20

E-l Display Attributes 20

E-2 Font Attributes 20

F ROMAN SCRIPT TRANSLITERATION 22

G EXTENDED CHARACTER SET FOR VEDIC 23

G-l Nature of the Vedic Characters 23

G-2 Extension Codes for Vedic 24

G-3 Structure of Vedic Characters 24

G-4 Keyboard Overlay for Vedic 25

G-5 Vedic Syllable Syntax 26

H ISCII IN TELEWELEPRINTERS 27

H-l ISSCll-83 Syntax 27

-H-2 Bilingual to Bilingual/Multilingual Protocol 32

H-3 Multilingual Machines 32

H-4 Multilingual to Multilingual Protocol 32

( ii )
 IS 13194:1991
Computer Media Sectional Commitee, LTD 37

FORE-WORD

This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of IndianStandards after the draft
finalized by the Computer Media Sectional Committee has been approved by the Electron-
ics and Telecommunication Division Council.
This standard conforms to IS 10401:1982, “8-bit coded character set for information
interchange” (equivalent to IS0 4873). It is intended for use in all computer and commu-
nication media which allow usage of 7 or &bit characters, as per IS 12326:1987 (IS0
2022: 1982) “7-bit and 8-bit coded character set - code extension techniques”.
In an 8-bit environment, the lower 128 characters are the same as defined in IS 103 15: 1982
(IS0 646 IRV) “7-bit coded character set for information interchange” also known as
ASCII character set. The top 128 characters cater to all the 10 Indian scripts based on the
ancient Brahmi script.
In a 7-bit environment the control code SI can be used for invocation of the ISCII code set,
and control code SO can be used for reselection of the ASCII code set.
There are 15 offtcially recognized languages in India: Hindi, Marathi, Sanskrit, Punjabi,
Gujarati, Oriya, Bengali, Assamese, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil, Urdu. Sindhi
and Kashmiri.
Out of these, Urdu, Sindhi and Kashmiri are primarily written in Perso-Arabic scripts, but
get written in Devanagari too (Sindhi is also written in the Gujarati script). Apart from
Perso-Arabic scripts, all the other 10 scripts used for Indian languages have evolved from
the ancient Brahmi script and have a common phonetic structure, making a common char-
acter set possible. The Northern scripts are Devanagari, Punjabi, Gujarati, Oriya, Bengali
and Assamese. while the Southern scripts are Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam and Tamil.
The official language of India, Hindi, is written in the Devanagari script. Devanagari is also
used for writing Marathi and Sanskrit. It is also the official script of Nepal.
As Perso-Arabic scripts have a different alphabet, a different standard is envisaged for
them.
An Attribute mechanism has been provided for selection of different Indian script font and
display attributes. An Extension mechanism allows use of more characters along with the
ISCII code. These are only meant for the environment where no other alternative selection
mechanism is available.
The ISCII code table is a super-set of all the characters required in the ten Brahmi-based
Indian scripts. For convenience, the alphabet of the official script Devanagari (with
diacritic marks for non-Devanagari alphabets) has been used in the standard. For notational
simplicity, elsewhere, the term Indian scripts implies Brahmi-based Indian scripts.
Annex-A provides information on the shapes of the corresponding alphabet of the 10
Indian scripts. Annexes B and C provide information on the adaptation of the ISCII code
for an IBM-PC and “English-Alphabet only” environment. Annex-D defines a suitable
keyboard overlay which is common for all the Indian scripts. Annex-E defines the Attribute
codes used for selection of different scripts and display attributes. Annex-F defines the
Roman script translitemtion scheme for all the Indian scripts. Annex-G defines the Vedic
character set available through the Extension code. Annex-H defines the conversion
mechanism between the ISCII code and the earlier ISSCII-83 code used in bilingual telex
machines.

( iii )
w 13184:1991

History
Since the 7Os, different committees of the Department of Offtcial Languages and the
Department of Electronics (DOE) have been evolving different codes and keyboards
which could cater to all the Jndian scripts due to~their common phonetic structure. Barlier
efforts could not keep the ASCII code intact.
In July 1983, DOE announced the ISSCII-83 code which complied with the IS0 g-bit
code recommendations (“Report of the sub-committee on Standardization of Indian
Scripts and their codes for Information Processing”, DOE, July 1983 ). While retaining
the ASCII character set in the lower half, it provided the Indian script character set in the
upper 96 characters. This also had the recommendation on a Phonographic based
keyboard layout for all the Indian scripts.

A keyboard standard for Indian scripts was brought out by DOE in 1986 (Report of the
committee for “Standardization of Keyboard Layout for Indian Script Based Comput-
ers” in Electronics-Information & Planning, Vol. 14, No. 1, Oct. 1986 ). The report also
contained the recommendation for the corresponding g-bit ISCII code.

There was a revision of the ISCII code by DOE in 1988 for making it more compact, in
order to evolve its corresponding IBM-PC counterpart: PC-ISCII (Report of the sub-
committee on “Standardization of Indian Script codes for Jnformation Interchange”,
DOE, August 1988).

Indian Standard
INDIAN SCRIPT CODE FOR INFORMATION
INTERCHANGE - ISCII
1. SCOPE
The ISCII code standard specifies a -I-bit code table which can
be used in 7 or e-bit IS0 compatible environment. It allows
English and Indian script alphabets to be used simultaneously.
It shall not be used in incompatible environments like that of
IBM-PC, and with computers which do not allow 8-bit charac-
ters, or which do not follow IS0 code extension techniques.
It cannot be used in the 5-bit Baudot code used for telecom-
munications. However transcoding to Baudot is possible as
given in Annex-H.
2. TERMINOLOGY
2.1 Alphabet/Script Terminology
2.1.1 Letter: A character representing one or more of the
simple or compound sounds used in speech. It can be any of the
alphabetic symbols.
2.1.2 Conjunct ( Ligature ): A letter which is a combination of
two or more basic letters. The shape of the conjunct may, or
may not, give clue to the constituting letters. Example: the joint
form (digraph) of “es”.
2.1.3 Diacritic mark: A mark added to a letter which distin-
guishes it from the same letter without a mark, usually having
a different phonetic value or stress.
2.1.4 lnternatlonal numerals: The conventional 0 to 9 digits
used in English for denoting numbers. These are also known as
Indo-Arabic numerals (to differentiate them from the Roman
numerals like IX for 9).
2.1.5 Script numerals: The 0 to 9 digits in a script, which have
shapes distinct from their international counterparts.
2.1.6 Vowel: A letter representing a speech sound made with
thevibration of the vocal cords, but without audible obstruction.
English examples: a, e, i, o, u.
2.1.7 Vowel sign: Agraphiccharacter associated with a letter,
to indicate a vowel to be associated with that character (Matra
in Hindi).
2.1.6 Diphthong: A compound vowel character, in which the
articulation begins as for one vowel and moves onto another.
Example: as in “coin”, “loud” and “side”.
2.1.9 Consonant: A letter representing a speech sound in
which the breath is at least partly obstructed, and which has to
IS13194:1991
be combined with a vowel to form a syllable.
2.1 .lO Pure consonant: A consonant which does not have
any vowel implicitly associated with it. Example: all the English
consonants.
2.1.11 Nasal consonant: A consonant pronounced with the
breath passing through the nose. Example: m, n, ng .
2.1.12 Nasalized vowel: A vowel pronounced with the breath
passing both through the nose and the mouth. Example:
French & voyage. In Indian scripts this is denoted by a
Chandrabindu diacritic mark.
2.1.13 Aspirated consonant: A consonant which is pro-
nounced with an extra puff of air coming out at the time of
release of the oral obstruction. This has a sound of an extra “h”.
Example: The initial “p” sound in English words like “pin”
(phonetically “phin”).
2.1.14 Syllable: A unit of pronunciation uttered without inter-
ruption, forming whole or part of a word, and usually having one
vowel or diphthong sound optionally surrounded by one or
more consonants. Example: there are two syllables in “water”
and three in “inferno”.
2.1.15 Alphabet: Aset of letters used in writing a language. Ex-
ample: the English alphabet consists of upper and lower-case
letters A to Z.
2.1.16 Basic alphabet: The minimal set of letters which can be
used for uniquely encoding every word of a language. Example:
the basic alphabet for English consists of only the upper-case
letters A to Z.
2.1.17 Phonetic alphabet: An alphabet which has direct cor-
respondence between letters and sounds. Example: the Indian
scripts.
2.1.16 Latin alphabet: The alphabet used for writing the
language of ancient Rome. Also known as the Roman alpha-
bet. Used today for writing English and some other European
languages.
2.1.19 Script: A distinctive and complete set of characters
used for the written form of one or more languages.
2.1.20 Roman script: The script based on the ancient Roman
alphabet, with the letters A-Z and additional diacritic marks.
Used for writing a language which is not usually written inthe
Roman alphabet.
2.1.21 Romanization: Representation of words of a script
using the Roman alphabet, possibly through additions of
IS 13194:1991
diacnttc marks. Example: Romaji is the romanized form of the
Japanese script.
2.1.22 Transliteration: Representation of words with the clos-
est corresponding letters in an alphabet of a different language.
2.2 Font/Display Terminology
2.2.1 Font: A set of symbols used for display or printing of a
script in a particular style.
2.2.2 Display rendition: The process by which a string of
characters is displayed (or printed). In this process several
consecutive characters may combine with each other on the
screen. The sequence of display of the characters may become
different.
2.2.3 Display composing: The process of organizing the
basic shapes available in a font in order to display (or print) a
word.
2.3 Character/Coding Terminology
2.3.1 Bit: Binary digit. It can have only two values: 0 and 1.
2.3.2 Byte: A bit string that is operateo upon as a unit. It usually
represents a character and usually consists of eight bits.
2.3.3 Hex digit: Hexadecimal digit, where each digit has 16
values. The values above 9 are denoted by the letters A to F
as shown: A(lO), B(ll), C(12), D(13). E(14). F(i5). Four brts
are needed to encode a hex digit.
2.3.4 Character: A symbol which can represent a letter, a
numeral, a punctuation mark, a special symbol or even a
control function.
2.3.5 Control character (control code): A character which
normally has no visual !orm, but affects the recording, process-
ing, transmission or interpretation of data.
2.3.6 Graphic character: A character, other than a control
character, that has a visual representation. Normally handwrit-
ten, printed or displayed.
2.3.7 5-blt characters (5blt codes): Characters, whose code
has 5 bits, allowing representation of 32 characters.
2.3.8 7-blt charactem(7-bit codes): Characters, whose code
has 7 bits, allowing representation of 128 characters.
2.3.9 &blt characters (Eblt codes): Characters, whose code
has 8 bits, allowing representation of 256 characters.
2.3.10 Character wt: A set of characters grouped together for
a purpose, like that ofrepresenting a script.
2.3.11 Code table: Atabte showing the positions allotted to in-
dividual characters from a character set.
2.3.12 Character code: Position in the code table of the
character.
2
2.3.13 Code extension: The techniques for encoding of
characters that are not included in the character set of a given
code.
2.3.14 Extended character set: Characters which are not
present in the main character set, but are available through
some code extension techniques.
2.3.15 ASCII code: American Standard Code for Information
Interchange. A 7-bit code which specifies 32 control characters
and 96 graphic characters, for English language.
2.3.16 Transcoding: Aset of tables and rules by which a code-
table can be transformed to another code-table, such that the
characters get mapped to their equivalent forms.
2.4 Other Terminology
2.4.1 Direct sorting: Sorting of words done through direct
comparison of the corresponding character codes. No special
heuristics or rules are used.
2 4.2 Dictionary sorting order: Order in which the letters
sho:iid be organized within an alphabet, such that words can
get c rder:& according to the language dictionaries. Special
rules may have to be aoplied in add&on to direct sorting to
achieve thrs. Example: in English, upper and lower cases have
to be transformed to a single case before direct sortrng is
applied.
2.4.3 Default: A value or state which is assumed when no
value or state is explicitly stated.
2.4.4 Keyboard overlay: Defines the characters for each key
positron (unshifted, shifted etc.), which are meant to replace the
standard English characters on a QWERTY keyboard.
3. ISCII CODE PHILOSOPHY
A code for all the Indian scripts is made possible by their
common origin from the Brahmi script. An optimal keyboard
overlay for all the Indian scripts, is made possible by the
phonetic nature of the alphabet.
There are manifold advantages in having a common code and
keyboard for all the Indian scripts. Any software which allows
ISCII codes to be used, can be used in any Indian script,
enhancing its commercial viability. Furthermore, immediate
transliteration between different Indian scripts becomes pos-
sible, just by changing the display modes. Simultaneous availa-
bility of multiple Indian languages in the computer medium will
accelerate their development and facilitate national integration.
The e-bit ISCII code retains the standard ASCII code, while the
Indian script keyboard overlay is designed for the standard
English QWERTY overlay. This ensures that English can co-
exist with the Indian scripts. This approach also makes it
feasible to use Indian scripts along with existing English com-
puters and software, so long as e-bit character codes are al-
lowed.
 IS 13194:1991

4. NATURE OF INDIAN ALPHABET 4.2 Anuswar -

All the Indian scripts have originated from the ancient Brahmi
script which is phonetic in nature. The alphabet in each may
vary somewhat, but they all share a common phonetic struc-
ture. The differences between scripts primarily are in their
written forms. where different combination rules get used.
Anuswar indicatesa nasal consonant sound. When anAnuswar
comes before a consonant belonging to any of the 5 Vargs, then
it represents the nasal consonant belonging to the Varg. Before
a non-Varg consonant however the anuswar represents a
different nasal sound. Some Hindi examples:

4.1 The Consonants

Indian script consonants have an implicit 31(a) vowel included
in them. They have been categorized according to their pho-
netic properties. There are 5 Vargs (Groups) and non-Varg
consonants. Each Varg contains 5 consonants, the last of which
is a nasal one. The first four consonants of each Varg, constitute
the Primary and Secondary pair. The second consonant of
each pair is the aspirated counterpart (has an additional “h
sound) of the first.one.

Primary Secondary Nasal

Vargl ‘4; a 77 v 3

varg 4
4.3 Nasalization Sign: Chandrabindu =
varg 5 The * denotes nasalization of the preceding vowel (can be
P ph b bh m implicit 3r vowel within a consonant). Example: srk, %, M
4=“. Y.
non-Vary
In Devanagari script it often gets substituted with Anuswar, as
(:I
the latter is more convenient for writing. In some words, how-
ever, Anuswar and Chandrabindu can give different meanings.
Note that the consonants ?T ( S ) and B (s) are pronounced Hindiexample:&r(Laugh),&r(Swan).
identically today.

Apart from these consonants, there are some other consonants

4.4 Visarg: i
used in some specific Indian scripts:
Comes after a vowel sound, and represents a sound similar to
“h”. This also represents the Aytham :. character in Tamil.
3(6m na) Comes instead of ;I (IJ at middle and end of
Tamil words except in the =3(&p) conjunct.
4.5 Vowels and Vowel signs (Matras)
T( 9) Used in Oriya, Bengali-and Assamese.
This is pronounced as “ja”,while ‘9 get There are separate symbols for all the vowels in Indian scripts
pronounced as ‘ya”. which are pronounced independently (either at the beginning of
Is an extra trilled “ra” used in Tamil. Telugu and
a word, or after a vowel sound). The~consonants in the Indian
?( I)
Malayalam. In Marathi it is used for torming
script themselves have an implicit vowel 31 (a). To indicate a
the half-raas in’%‘FW’ (3 13 TUT ). vowel sound other than the implicit one,~a vowel-sign (Matra) is
attached to the consonant. Thus there are equivalent Matras for
a(!) Used in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, all the vowels, excepting the 31 vowel.
Malayalam. Oriya. Gujarati and Marathi.

? (z) Used in Tamil and Malayalam.

3

The original pronunciation of the vowel % (I) is now lost; it gets
pronounced mostly as “ri” or “ru”.
The vowels a and 3 are used in Southern scripts for denoting
vowels shorter than Band .$I respectively.
The vowels a (ai) and * (au) are actually diphthongs, although
in Hindi they also get pronounced as longer vowel forms of Y
and Jit respectively.
Vowelsa and 3n’ are used in modern Devanagari for represent-
ing the English vowel sounds as in “bat” and “ball” respectively.
Sanskrit infrequently uses three other vowels, which are obso-
lete today in other Indian scripts. These are:
Vowels: I 5 q 4.10.2
Matras: ; cr 5
4.6 Vowel Omission Sign: Halant :
In Indian scripts consonants are assumed to have an implicit
vowel 3-a” within them unless an explicit Matra (vowel-sign) is
attached. Thus a special sign Halant (T ) is needed for indicat-
ing that the consonant does not have the implicit 37vowel in it.
In Northern languages, the Halant at the end of a word generally
gets dropped, though the ending still gets pronounced without
a vowel. Example: Ashok = * => &.
This doesn’t happen in Southern languages and Sanskrit,
where a Halant is always used to indicate a vowel-less ending.
Example: param = mq(Sanskrit word).
4.7 Conjuncts
Indian scripts contain numerous conjuncts, which essentially
are clusters of upto four consonants without the intervening
implicit vowels. The shape of these conjuncts can differ from
those of the constituting consonants. These conjunc!s are
formed in the ISCII code by putting the Halant (:) character,
between the constituent consonants.
Example: m=7h:$ a;7f q hex column x and row y, will have its hex position as xy.
ti=q 7:9 sm=%F;_T 9
4.8 Diacritic Mark: Nukta -
The Nukta is used for 3 and 3 characters, in some Northern
scripts. It is also used for deriving 5 other consonants in the
Devanagari and Punjabi scripts, required for Urdu.
4.9 Punctuation
All punctuation marks used in Indian scripts are borrowed from
English, except for the full-stop, instead of which a Viram (I) is
used in the Northern scripts. The Viram is, however, being in-
creasingiy substituted by a full-stop. A double Viram (II) is aJso
used in Sanskrit texts for indicating a verse ending.
4.10 Other Signs
4.10.1 Avagrah s is primarily used in Sanskrit texts. It creates
an extra stress on the preceding vowel. Two Avagrahs can be
used for creating further extra stress. Avagrah is not used in
modern Indian scripts.
Om 3% is a Hindu religious symbol.
4.11 Numerals
Many Indian scripts today use only the international numerals.
Even in others, the usage of international numerals instead of
the original forms is increasirrg. Although the Devanagari script
has its own numerals, the official numeral system is the inter-
national one.
5. LAYOUT OF tSCII CODETABLE
The E-bit Code for Latin and Indian script alphabets is given in
Table-l. It consists of 256 positions, arranged in 16 rows and
16 columns. The rows are numbered in decimal as 0 to 15, and
in hex as 0 to F. The columns are numbered in decimal as 0 to
240 in increments of 16, and in hex as 0 to F. The lower 128
characters of this table contain the ASCII character set.
The 7-bit Code for Indian script alphabets is given in Table-2.
It is meant for an ISOcompatible 7/E bit environment. It consists
of 94 positions, arranged in 8 columns and 16 rows.
A position in the Code table is identified in decimal as well as
hex~notation. A character located at decimal column x and row
y will have its decimal position as x+y. A character located at
 Hex 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 9

Hex Dec. I--

1
0 f 16 32 46 64 60 112 126 144 224

0 NUL DLE SP 0 Q P P
1 SOH DC1 ! 1 A Q a 4
”
2 STX DC2 2 B R b r
3 ETX DC3 # 3 C S c S

4 EOT DC4 $ 4 D T d t

5 ENQ NAK % 5 E U 8 U

6’ ACK SYN 8 6 F V f V

7 BEL ETB 7 G W g W

6 BS CAN ( 6 H X h X

9 HT EM 1 9 I Y i Y
z
l
10 LF SUB J Z i
11 VT ESC + K I k i
12 FF FS L \ I I
13 CR GS M I m 1
14 so RS N h n
15 SI us / 0 - 0 DE1

Table-2 7-bit Code Table of the Indian Script Alphabet

Hex F
Hex Dec. 224 240
0 0 EXT
1 1 0
2 2 t
3 3 ?
4 4 ?
5 5 ‘d
6 6 4
7 7 h
6 6 \s
9 9 L
A 10 9
B 11
C 12
D 13
E 14
F 15
IS 13194:1991

Table-3: ISCII Character set - Coded representation

‘osition Position
iex Dec. Char ~Name Hex Dec. Char Name

41 161 = Vowel-modifier CHANDRABINDU DO 208 3 Consonant Hard RA (Southern Scripts)

42 162 A Vowel-modifier ANUSWAR Dl 209 3 Consonant LA
43 163 7 Vowel-modifier VISARG D2 210 ar Consonant Hard LA
94 164 31 Vowel A D3 211 3 Consonant ZHA (Tamil& Malayalam j
45 165 3TI Vowel AA D4 212 4 Consonant VA
46 166 3 Vowel I 05 213 VI Consonant SHA
47 167 d Vowel II D6 214 $ Consonant Hard SHA
48 168 3 Vowel U D7 215 B Consonant SA
99 169 3i Vowel UU D8 216 rr Consonant HA
4A 170 7i Vowel RI D9 217 INV Consonant INVISIBLE
AB 171 P Vowel E (Southern Scripts) DA 218 T Vowel Sign AA
AC 172 ‘? Vowel EY DB 219 f Vowel Sign I
AD 173 t Vowel Al DC 220 ‘t Vowel Sign II
AE 174 i Vowel AYE (Devanagari Script) DD 221 ; Vowel Sign U
AF 175 srf Vowel 0 (Southern Scripts) DE 222 ; Vowel Sign UU
BO 176 4 Vowel OW DF 223 ; Vowel Sign RI
Bl 177 4 Vowel AU EO 224 h Vowel Sign E (Southern Scripts)
82 178 Jii Vowel AWE (Devanagan Script) El 225 1 Vowel Sign EY
83 179 Tfi Consonant KA E2 226 * Vowel Sign Al
84 180 m Consonant KHA E3 227 1 Vowel Sign AYE (Devanagari Script)
85 181 n Consonant GA E4 228 t Vowel Sign 0 (Southern Scripts)
B6 182 9 Consonant GHA E5 229 t Vowel Sign OW
87 183 3 Consonant NGA E6 230 ? Vowel Sign AU
B8 184 V Consonant CHA E7 231 i Vowel Sign AWE (Devanagari Script)
89 185” B Consonant CHHA E8 232 ; Vowel Omission Sign (Halant)
BA 186 =i Consonant JA E9 233 T Diacritic Sign (Nukta)
BB 187 3 Consonant JHA EA 234 I Full Stop (Viram, Northern scripts)
BC 188 3 Consonant JNA EB 235 This position shall not be used
BD 189 -z Consonant Hard TA EC 236 This position shall not be used
BE 190 a Consonant Hard THA ED 237 This position shall not be used
BF 191 3 Consonant Hard DA EE 238 This position shall not be used
co 192 z Consonant Hard DHA EF 239 ATR Attribute Code
Cl 193 Qr Consonant Hard NA FO 240 EXT Extension Code
c2 194 rr Consonant Soft ETA Fl 241 0 Digit 0
c3 195 q Consonant Soft THA F2 242 9 Digit 1
C4 196 i: Consonant Soft DA F3 243 ? Digit 2
c5 197 9 Consonant Soft DHA F4 244 3 Digit 3
C6 198 =I Consonant Soft NA F5 245 ‘d Digit 4
c7 199 ?r Consonant NA (Tamil) F6 246 4 Digit 5
C8 200 g Consonant PA F7 247 6 Digit 6
c9 201 T Consonant PHA F8 248 \s Digit 7
CA 202 B Consonant BA F9 249 L Digit 8
CB 203 Y Consonant BHA FA 250 9 Digit 9
cc 204 n Consonant MA FB 251 This position shall not be used
CD 205 g Consonant YA FC 252 This postion shall not be used
CE 206 TI Consonant JYA FD 253 This positron shall not be used
(Bengali, Assamese & Oriya) FE 254 Thus position shall not be used
CF 207 r Consonant RA

Note: 1. The positions EB-EE and FB-FE, are reserved for future expansion of the code.
2. Scripts corresponding to other Indian languages are given in Annex-A.

6
 IS 13194:1991

6.3.2 Soft Halant

6. STRUCTURE OF THE ISCII CODE
A Soft Halant is formed by typing a Nukta character after a
Halant. In Devanagari the Soft Halant allows retention of the
A common alphabet for all the Indian scripts is made possible “half form” for the preceding consonant, and prevents itfrom
by their common origin from the same ancient Brahmi script. combining with the following consonant. Example:
The ISCII code contains only the basic alphabet required by the
Indian scripts. All the composite characters-are formed through ?T: a =% VI a =W
combinations of these basic characters. T;TrfP_=fa; B ;,; ?rf=%l

Soft Halant is used in Malayalam along with some consonants

6.1 Vowels and Matras to derive separate pure consonant shapes which do not show
an attached Halant symbol:
The ISCII code contains separate vowels and Matras (Vowel
signs). While a vowel sign can be used independently, the
Matra sign is valid only after a consonant. Thus:
?r;f=%d, d=*?

6.2 Vowel Modifiers \c,A ,f

The INV (Invisible) code is used for formation of composite
After a consonant, vowel or Matra character, a character can characters which require a consonantal base, but where the
be used which modifies the vowel sound and is called a “Vowel consonant itself ought to be invisible. These may be required
Modifier” . This can be a Chandrabindu <?, Anuswar (? or only for some special display purposes. Example:
Visarg (T) . Example: FTINV =T INV T 7 = :
f’-, INV = ’ INV; T=;
INVf, =‘Fi INV -?T= 6

6.3 Halant -
The implicit vowefin a consonant can be removed by addition
of a Halant sign (3 . In the ISCII code conjuncts are formed by
typing a Halant character between consonants. Aconjunct may
consist of upto 4 consonants joined by Halants. Example:
6.5 The Nukta Character 7
The Nukta consonants (5 3BTI a 3 ? n;) get formed by adding
a Nukta (T) character immediately after the appropriate conso-
nant.

In the ISGII codethe same Nukta character is thought of as an

operator to derive some of the lesser used Sanskrit characters
which are not directly available on the lnscript keyboard.

A Nukta can be typed after a Halant to form a Soft Halant.

In practice, a Halant sign is shown only if the consonants do not Table 4: ISCII characters derived by appending a Nukta
change their shape by joining up. Tamil script has no conjuncts,
and thus an explicit Halant sign always gets used. Here are Char Nukta Char Name
some Devanagari examples where Halant does not disappear:
% ?F; Consonant QA (Urdu)
zTa=m . 3; q=v q B Consonant KHHA (Urdu)
JT ?T Consonant GHHA (Urdu)
3 a Consonant ZA (Urdu)
6.3.1 Explicit Halant
3 3 Consonant Flapped DA
A Halant is used between consonants to form conjuncts. But z ? Consonant Flapped OHA
many times in Sanskrit and Vedic texts, one may wish to show B R Consonant FA (Urdu)
an Explicit Halant which would be shown on the previous P % Vowel RII (Sanskrit)
._
consonant, and which would prevent the consonant from 5 Vowel Sign RII (Sanskrit)
joining with the next one. Two consecutive Halants form an % Vowel LI (Sanskrit)
Explicit Halant. Example: r; z Vowel Sign LI (Sanskrit)
3 Vowel LII (Sanskrit)
: z;i Vowel Sign LII (Sanskrit)
f.
en Sign OM
I S Vowel Stress Sign AVAGRAH
(Sanskrit)

7
IS 13194:1991
6.6 Attribute Code (ATR)
The Attribute code, followed by a displayable ASCII character,
defines a font attribute applicable for the following char-
acters. This mechanism is meant for use in that medium
where alternative font selection mechanism is not available.
The details are given in the Annex-E.
6.7 Extension Code (EXT)
The Extension code, followed by an ISCII character, defines a
new character which can combine with the previous ISCII
character. This provision has been primarily made for supple-
menting Vedic signs along with the Devanagari text. The Vedic
ChaFacter details are given in the Annex-G.
6.8 Numerals
In all the Indian scripts the international numerals are being
used increasingly. From the software viewpoint, usage of the
same numerals as given in the ASCII set allows proper
handling of numerals by existing software. Fordisplay rendition
purposes however, it may be sometimes desirable to have
separate Indian script numerals which are given in the ISCII
table.
The ATR mechanism also allows display rendition of the ASCII
numerals in an Indian script form. The ISCII numerals should be
used only when it is not possible to use the ATR mechanism for
selecting numerals in an Indian script.
7. PROPERTIES OF ISCII CODE
7.1 -Phonetic Sequence
The ISCII characters, within a word, are kept in the same order
as they wouldget pronounced. Example:
P@r=778~Z:7%T
l%? =Ff;lTT-?
As shown in the latter example, the display order may be
different from the phonetic order. Having a spelling according
to the phonetic order allows a name to be typed in the same
way, regardless of the script it has to be displayed in.
7.2 Direct Sorting
Since there are variations in ordering of a few consonants
between different Indian scripts, it is not possible to achieve
perfectsorting in all Indian scripts. Special routines would be
required when some characters like “Nukta” need to be ignored
for the purpose of sorting. For most purposes, however, the
direct sorting achieved through the ISCII code should be
sufficient.
8
Vowel combinations and consonant combinations would get
ordered as shown below.
As shown in the chart above, in Indian scripts a character
followed by a vowel-modifier comes before the character
without it. This is ensured by keeping the vowel-modifiers in the
beginning of the ISCII code table. The only exception is when
a vowel-modifier comes at the end of a word; since the
comparison is now with the ASCII “space” character (32 deci-
mal) having a lower value, the vowel-modifiercharactercannot
come before the space. Though it is possible todevise another
space character having a higher value, it will not be practically
possible to type it inHowever, the fact that a vowel-modifier
would come after a space becomes intuitive as a longer word
is expected to come after its shorter counterpart. Example:
3t-=*<aRi
The Nukta consonants are essentially separate consonants,
and thus should get sorted separately. This indeed happens
since Nukta is kept after all the Indian script characters (except-
ing Viram, which is a punctuation).
The new Vowels f and ti have been kept after the long
vowels 3 and 4 respectively, as the new vowels have more
stress. They get substituted by the long vowels in the traditional
text.
7.3 Unique Spellings
By using only the basic characters in ISCII, tbere is only one
unique way of typing a word. This would not have been possible
if conjuncts like r&B, 3etc. had been given separate codes. The
spelling of a word is now the phonetic order of the constituent
basic characters. This provides a unique spelling for each
word, which is not affected bythe display rendition.
For obtaining unique spellings, Soft Halant, Explicit Halant,
and INV characters should not be used. These have been
provided only for deriving different display renditions, and are
not needed normally.
The spelling of a word contains all the information necessary
for display composition, which can be automatically done
through display algorithms. It becomes possible to type in a
text, without even looking at the display. When the tedium of
composing goes away, on-line authoring becomes possible,
where an author can think out new text while he is typing it.
Unique spellings are essential for making spelling checkers
and dictionaries. They are atso essential to facilitate finding of
words in a word-processor, or for information retrieval from a
data-base.
 IS 13194:1991

7.4 Display Independence 8.1 Indian Script Word Syntax

Aword in an Indian script can be displayed in a variety of styles An Indian script word contains one or more syllables, the syntax
depending on the conjunct repertoire used. ISCll codes however -for which is given in the following Backus-Naur Formalism (BNF).
allow acomplete delinking of the codes from the displayed fonts.
Word ::= (Syllable] [Cons-Syllable]
An tSCll syllable can be displayed using combination of basic Syllable ::= Cons-Vowel-Syllable ) Vowel-Syllable
shapes. Different implementations can choose variant tech-
Vowel-Syllable ::= V (D]
niques in combination of these basic shapes.The same text can
thus be seen in different font styles by using a different font Cons-Vowel-Syllable ::= [Cons-Syllable] Full-Cons
composition routine. [MI PI
Cons-Syllable ::= [Pure-Cons] [Pure-Cons] PureCons
The lnscript keyboard overlay has one-to-one correspondence
with the ISCII code. This way, typing of word does not depend Pure-Cons ::= Full-Cons H
upon its displayed form. Full-Cons ::= C [NJ

Following conventions are used in the syntax given above:

7.5 Transliteration
::= defines a relation.
The ISCII codes are rendered on the display device according to enclose items which may be repeated one or
0
the display composition methodology of the selected script. more times.
Transliteration to another script can thus be obtained by merely
redisplaying the same text in a different script. [I enclose items which may not be present.
I separates items, out of which only one can be
Since the dispfay rendering process can be very flexible, it is present.
possible to transliterate the Indian scripts to the Roman script,
using diacritic marks. Similarly it is possible to transliterate them
to other scripts such as Perso-Arabic. ~8.2Order within a Syllable
Transliteration involves mere change of the script, in a manner A worst case consonant syllable can contain:
that pronunciation is not affected. -This is not the same as CNHCNHCNHCNMD
“translation” where the language itself changes.
A worst case vowel syllable can contain:
VD
8. ISCII CODE SYNTAX Note:

In ISCII code some logically related sub-sets can be identified
through simple range comparisons. Using these it is possible to
predict a syllable boundary for an Indian script word. This may be
necessary for composing fonts for display purposes, or for
hyphenation at a~syllable boundary.
l Nukta (N) can come after only the consonants with
which it can combine.
l The above syntax ignores the vowels derived through
Nukta ( ~8 , TZand r$ ) and the Avagrah sign s.

Consonants (C) l The INV character not mentioned here is treated as

consonant.

l The Halant + Halant ( Explicit Halant) and Halant +

Nukta (Soft Halant) combinations have been ignored in
the above discussion.

Matras (M) 9. REFERENCES

rf?3,';hL1x 'tt17

Vowel modifiers (D) f
Halant (H) T
L T IS 103 15, 7-bit coded character set for information interchange,
which is equivalent to IS0 646.
IS 12326 (1987). 7-bit and B-bit coded character sets - Code
extension techniques, which is equivalent to IS0 2022.

*Nukta (N) 7 IS 10401 (1982), B-bit code for information interchange - Sfruc-
ture and rules for implementation , which is equivalent to IS0
4873.
IS0 2375, Procedure for registration of escape sequences.

9
IS13194:1991

ANNEX - A
INDIAN SCRIPT ALPHAB~ET CORRESPONDENCE

Following mnemonics are used for Indian scripts : TLG: Telugu KND: Kannada MLM: Malayalam
DEV: Devanagari PNJ: Punjabi GJR: Gujarati TML: Tamil RMN: Roman
ORI: Oriya BNG: Bengali ASM: Assamese Roman script transliteration scheme is explained in Annex F

r GJR TML

:’*.‘.,
.....
I..‘.,
.....
..... :.‘.. 0
;. .I. .....o 0

It 4

WL 4?2

6 &I

6 A

6 e?_

Gl 25!I

2%

6T

4 6J

3 82

6
 IS 13194:1991

gh
il
C

ch

j
Z

jh
fi
!
fh
d
;r
dh
ih

r!
t
th
d
dh
n
n
P
Ph
f
b
bh
n-l

Y
9
r

_r
_(-
‘1s 13194:1991

IMN IEV PNJ ZJR 3RI 3NG TLG ILM TML

-

“T I Fr A a Q 0 lx 60

3 ! z5 ol B d 2 6lT

9
jP z 9
r V a ;= e 3 cl-l 6I_l

IT 4 m J3 21 3 u-0

? $ B 9, 3 &I
Q+
IT S -fT R a. 3 cl-u m

F h F J G. “3 nn
w
.... :“‘. ;. ‘.,J i:::11 y? ,..‘.
.....T ii ....T ‘.,.’ T
.._. :::::3 .....rl
T...
.___: i f :: f ::: p, :F..,
..... 7
.....
;.‘.. :::::q
: § I
:::? I i:::;t ::.:g t::g i:::q
:“‘.,
.__: ::::?I
:....:.
.. :.-; :-...
.....
:--:
..... ;‘.‘., :“.. <:::g...
..... .__:
d
5
U
3 0 .. . .
a_ ‘3
,.., :’ ‘.. :.-. ;‘“:
..... ;“..
<::Ly i:::g...
...t ..... &’
OI
iJ
h c\ ._,.:
err :a
;.‘.. :“‘..
..... ;.-.
..d.
4
. .._ :.‘..
..... c
._.. .’
2
2 I c 6
3.
...!
_)
;’ ‘..
.__.. 6c)i:::,
61:::::
e
\
,T’..
\
;‘ ._
.....
T
:.‘L >.
..,.) 6::::
-5
;“..
.....’
c i"':
.,..6 c::::
...1 e .....
Q 3 4
;’‘.,.’
‘., 7
06,i:::
*
:- :‘“.. ;.‘.. :“‘: a i:::,
‘.,

.. . . ai ._,.. ..... 6T .....

” ”
:-: ;.‘..
.__: 6 ....
ca
._‘“..
i:::;t
0 ....’ 6k:yJ (&::::rf
:. F
:::3 6 i-2 ._..
I <::A 6<::, ...I (xi:::,3
ci::::m
J-0
i:::;t au ::::a >“,
..... {::I 65 ;.‘..
.._.; i:::?3
(;;I:::::a

<:::tj 6
<:::zj

:.“., :’..,:
.. F vI
:
:.-... ;.“., .._: :‘“.,
;“..
:’ -.,
._,: ..... .. . .. ‘.,.. ....
..,..
. . .% \ \

;.‘.. ;“‘., ;“‘., :’ ‘..

._,. .’ ._,: ..,.’ ._,..
.

I I I I I .

Note : 7 _ is used in Devanagari for representing the half T from f as in TT.

Nukta con: -nants shown in Devanagan are used only in Mindi.

12
 IS 13194:1991

,ANNEX-B
PC-ISCII CODE

Hex B C D E

Hex Dec. 176 192 !08 224 240

0 0

1 1

2 2

3 3
4 4

5 5
6 6
7 7

8 8
9 9
A 10
B 11

C 12
D 13 3
E 14 c,
F 15 6

The PC-ISCII code is the version of ISCll code defined by
Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC),
Pune, for compatibility with IBM-PC a-bit character set. IBM-PC
does not follow the IS0 a-bit code recommendation. It uses
line-drawing character set located between BO hex and DF hex.
Since these line-drawing characters have to co-exist along with
ASCII and Indian scripts, the PC-ISCII code is designed to
avoid clash with them. This has been possible through a
bifurcation of the ISCII character set into two halves.
The Indian script numerals defined at the end of ISCII code
table are not included in the PC-ISCII code set. With PC-ISCII
only the ASCII numerals should be used. These numerals
themselves can be rendered in shapes of numerals in a
particular script through an appropriate Attribute (ATR) charac-
ter.
Although the characters are at different locations in the PC-
ISCII code, their sequence remains identical to that in the ISCll
code. This allows the PC-ISCII code to be functionally identical
to the ISCII code, enabling the same sorting sequence.
The positions occupied by the ATR and EXT codes were left
undefined in the beginning, as some IBM-PC compatibles did
not allow the corresponding characters to be typed in through
the keyboard. When this problem was overcome the PC-ISCII
code was already in wide use, and could not be changed. These
positions could not be alloted to some new characters, as the
sorting order would have got affected. ATR and EXT codes (on
which sorting is not defined) were therefore suitable to fill in
these two positions.
The five empty character positions towards the end of the code,
are reserved in ISCII, but are needed in other script codes (like
Perso-Arabic code).

13
ls13194:1991

ANNEX-C
ENGLISH-ALPHABET ISCII CODE: EA-ISCII

EA-ISCII is meant for those computers and packages which do

not allow use of &bit codes, or IS0 compatible 7-bit codes.
Here the Indian script characters have to be defined within the
ASCII character set. By defining the Indian script alphabet In
place of only the 52 upper and lower case English alphabet, one
can ensure that the Indian scripts would be usable, Nherever
English alphabet can be used.

Since all the ISCII characters can not be accommodated di-

rectly, the Nukta character is used to derive some of the lep,ser
used ones Only the vowel a is given directly. others are rup-
resented as 31 foollowad by I:33 ~:firrsspnndimg ?Jafrci

1.,-. _ “-_.-.ll_,_ ___ II_ .,I_ --_. “,”

T’ -_ :.:
Hex
3

.I+__ “,___._.rl___.__*._
3
_^____. ,-_. -.--.“_ ..X,_ __-__“_*

Hex Dec. m i !;ii

“I..
,,~_.. _ . t _ _ ... _ “..

0 0 Lye,

1 1 ca

2 2 b
3 3 c

4 4 d

5 5 e

6 6 t
7 7 9
8 8 h

9 9 i

A 10 I
B 11 k
C 12 I
D 13 m

E 14 n

F 15

14
 IS13194:1991

ANNEX-D
INSCRIPT KEYBOARD

The lnscript (Indian Script) keyboard overlay was standardized

by DOE in 1986. (“Report of the Committee for Standardization
of Keyboard Layout for Indian Script Based Computers”, Elec-
Fronics-Information & Planning Journal, Vol. 14. No. 1 October
1986).

A revision was done UT1988 by a DOE committee, when it was

decided to compact the 1% II code by deriving some characters
asing a separate Nukra s&xracter. This required substitution of
the Nukra character 19 CGZS: of !he earlier “Transform”’ key.
F:om frequency cOrE~x?‘%11Jn3$4became necessary to mdtJ-
ally adjust ?he oo5r::or:~ 12; c 2 -2 *vowsis, along with their
Matras.

?‘he lnrcript Jver!av , 33i~i 33s ~:shafacters required fur all the
indian stxpts, as c;e!med YJ !”a ESC!I character set. The Indian
script alphabet has a loij~:al structure. derived from Zhe
ohonetic properties. The ~nscr\pt overlay mirrors this iogica!
structure. The overlay has also*Deen optimized from phonetic!
frequency considerations. it is divided into two parts: the vowel
pad on the left hand side, and me consonant pad on the right
hand side.

15
- ait! i @ ‘w 7 $ 1% nA 78 aT’ 51( ) 7+ T@
“tl 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 g 6 r’=; Bs

z Bx =C nlV aB qN ZM?r< al> I? B

SHIFT =9 & SHIFT
v =f q ‘Fi u, . .I T

ENGLISH KEYBOARD WITH INSCRIPT OVERLAY

The ASCII characters of a standard QWERTY keyboard are on the left half of a key. The lnscript (Indian Script)
overlay characters are shown on the right half of a key. CAPS LOCK is used to select the lnscript overlay.

When Nukta ” : ” is typed after a character, the character shown to its~left on the key, is obtained.

z x ‘CclV B N Mlr< a> I? a

SHIFT SHIFT
\’ g 3 3 n 39 . 1 ?3

INSCRIPT OVERLAY FOR ASSAMESE

Notes : - Nukta : typed after I5 and li gives 9 and B respectively.
- The macro-keys in the top-row generate:
(Rakar) I= T1 (Reph) - =1 :
a=w T@ ?i=8 ,7 ‘15=* ;a Zrr=lrT;r

16
 %
5
A

6
&
7
aq~*dw
8
(
9
1
0 :
*+
**~=
BS

C?smW %E +,R aT pay U ml 0 p I

TAB
Qar a, II (D 5 w 8 [

I Cf?NTRfY
__. . . . .__ IA sls 6TID
&IF @lGp_lH IJ pIK IL F ~~ T-

CarrV snB PN arM <q> ?

SHIFT ’ “g ’ SHIFT
ln p, Ql 6u m, . /lu

INSCRIPT OVERLAY FOR TAMIL

Notes : - & is got by typing &V fromlhe top row followed by (o
- Conjunct q can also be typed as 6-q

INSCRIPT OVERLAY FOR DEVANAGARI

Notes: -x is used in Marathi, before T to derive half-ra =(as in =!I%)

- L is used in Myathi
--NuktaTcanbetypedafter q m q 7 3 z % A I
toget * v TI % 3 q v & s
- The Macro-keys in the top-row generate:
(Rakar) 5 = : T (Reph) 1 = T -I,
7l=-;r;9 X=‘ilTT &?=T;_Y 3l=?T;7

.
!
1 @
~2 #_$ 4 c 5% P A
6 9a a* $( 1 _a~+Q BS

3 7 8 9 0 - =
6
C?aWgEER QT QY QUOOI UOUPB{ Q) &!I(
TAB
61 6” I ’ u Q Q Q Q caiS1.i

A @S Y1D ZJF 6;1G QHEPJ K 61 L a : d 11 0 RETURN

CONTROL
6 I 6 \ ^ a Q 6) Qi8’B
_
‘CslV B Nfi)MQ< B> I? Q
SHIFT ’ ’ SHIFT
0 $7 Q) tl (;;I Q, . f 9

INSCRIPT OVERLAY FOR ORIYA

Notes : - Nukta T typed after 8 and B gives 0 and @ respectively.
- The Macro -keys in the top - row generate :
(Rakar) _ = , 61 ( Reph ) <=61
P=Q \B 9 = O,Q FI = 61,8 q = 4,4

17
IS13194:1991

- L! @ #,$ % e; A pq!/a( 1 ‘_:+a BS

* =JJ 1 2 3 4 !jz6 7 6 9 0 - =3

Q zf,W DE UR &TervaY qj U ?Zl QOqj P&Q{ q#) ‘?-‘I

TAB
3 ; 3 “e &I 23 a; rl d =[a1 ’
A LS a30 UF P?GWH Z!J K a) L @ : q ” d RETURN
CONTROL -6 a
tine ‘? 3 ti d d 3: ti’ w

z ax Cm3 B N dM a< &;i> -.

SHIFT SHIFT
3
0~ d3 a d 0 z, . IceI

INSCRIPT OVERLAY FOR KANNADA

Notes : - The Macro-keys in the top-row generate :
(Rakar) ,=wd
+e;*? 3 =d_d t&d*&

!
@ # I$ z %w A 3 & 36 l 3 ( ) : + w Bs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 9 0 7 =; I

INSCRIPT OVERLAY FOR BENGALI

Notes : - Nukta T typed after iEiand 5 gives F and p respectively.
- The macro-keys in the top-row generate:
(Rakar) ;= :A (Reph) L = A :
vP=w T@ ?I=8 rq a=v ;a ?!l==fy?I

- Z! @ # c”$ % ?$ A$&5*$( ) +-LX0

BS
* -1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 9 0: =J

INSCRIPT OVERLAY FOR TELUGU

Notes : -- The Macro-keys in the~top-row generate :

(Rakar) c”= ‘rs
g=z% $&a s_= 5%

16
 z*x csm v 6 ‘sN @fvlM~bm> ?
SHIFT SHIFT
0 0 m m 0-l rzlm,, I w

INSCRIPT OVERLAY FOR MALAYALAM

Notes : - The Macro-keys in the top-row generate :
(Rakar) C = “m d3i%=&“M
- Qis formed by typing 0 “0
- Alternate forms of some half characters are obtained by typing in a Nukta : as shown:
f5na =sm’: 08 = CD”-, d = my: f&z e.r: ti = 9”:

INSCRIPT OVERLAY FOR GUJARATI

Notes : - The Macro-keys in the top-row generate :
(Rakar) h = , 2 (Reph) ’ = ?,
SL =%_3( x = (I,& M = 5-y

! %
A
~& l (9 1 +
1 3 4 5 6 7 6 0 : = BS

INSCRIPT OVERLAY FOR PUNJABI

Notes:-Rakar, =; a
- Nukta : can be typed after a ti al ?I 3 v B
toget gig V TJ 3 a j5

19
IS 13194:1991

ANNEX-E
ATTRIBUTE CODES
An ASCII character which follows the ATR character indicates Basic Attributes are:
a new font Attribute which is applicable for the subsequent Highlight Bold Outline S0ataOgw Italics Underline
characters till the end of the row, or till another attribute code is Expanded
encountered.
These can combine together to give different effects:
The ASCII character, following the ATR character, can indicate Highlight+Bold = ExtraBold
94 different attributes. Out of these the first 31 attributes are re-
EIILIP Qw_lunama PbD ov!IIBUlm@
served for display attributes, while the rest of 63 attributes
indicate selection of a font for a new script. mr&wIlm.m mlanflno
PHgP mvi&im l%m DPa&v
lzf&VMII mmlou
@mQmm+8~a~ow =
DQQD momm
Expanded characters are of Double width.

Double Height characters can be achieved by duplicating the

word on two consecutive lines and then using the TOP attribute
on the top line and LOW attribute onthe bottom line. Since TOP
I 3 I 1 EXP and LOW attributes also work on toggle basis, it is possible to
have a mixture of double height and single height characters
within the same row.
It is possible to create variety of effects using all these attrib-
utes:
lXw,hln UcGnht + uvuuIb .1u1611L= DoubleHeight

Provides for SCRIPT Processing

[ 8 ! !LOW ATR a NEW
I 9 I 1 DBL Breathtaking D 0 M E N 8 0 ($ N

The DBL, Double size row attribute makes the whole row
B double-height and double-width. This can be used along with
!
TOP and LOW attributes to get quadruple size characters.
ICI I

H-t F
I

1
I

I
E-2 Font Attributes (40h to 7Eh)
At the beginning of a row the default display script is assumed
to be active. The font attributes cause selection of a new script
till the end of a row, or till another font attribute is encountered.
I I I
<-ATI? Codes-><----- FONT Codes -----> E-2.1 DEF (Default Font)
<------Normal----><-Reverse->
The Default font attribute causes re-selection of the default
display script.

E-2.2 RMN (Roman Font)

E-l Display Attributes (21 h to 3Fh)
A Roman script corresponding to a particular non-English
An Attribute code indicates a new display~attribute, which is
script, is rendered using only English alphabet along with
effectwe till the end 01 a line, or till the same attribute. At the
suitable diacritic marks. The Roman script transliteration is
beglnning of a line all the display attributes are supposed to be
useful for making legible a script not known by a person. A
off; subsequent occurence of a display attribute causes tog-
family of scripts (like the Indian scripts, or Perso-Arabic scripts)
gling of the attribute on the display. Different attributes can
will have a common set of diacritic marks.
combine together to give composite attributes.

20

The RMN font attribute selects Roman script corresponding to
the currently active script. The numerals after the RMN attribute
will be shown as international numerals.
E-2.3 Indian Script Fonts (42h to 4Bh)
This se1ects.a Brahmi based Indian script. The subsequent
numerals will be shown in the formscorresponding tothescript,
if they exist, otherwise they will be shown in their international
form.
21
IS 13194:‘1991
E-2.4 Perso-Arabic Fonts (71 h to ?6h-)
These scripts are written from right to left. In general codes from
71 h to 7Eh are reserved for scripts written in the reverse
direction. The Perso-Arabic family contains Arabic (AR@,
Persian (PM), Urdu (URD), Sindhi (SND). Kashmiri (KM)
and Pushto (PST). Amongst these, Urdu, Sindhi and Kashmiri
belonging to the Indian subcontinent have considerabfe simi-
larity.
The ASCII numerals will be shown in the Perso-Arabic form,
after a Perso-Arabic font attribute.
 ANNEX-F
ROMAN SCRIPT TRANSLITERATION
Nukta Consonants
The National Library at Calcutta standardized the diacritic
marks to be used for romanization of Indian scripts, in 1988
(“The National Library Newsletter“, June 1988).

As Northern scripts do not have short* and 3it, the long p and
Jit can also be rendered without diacritic mark as ‘e’ and ‘0’
respectively. VOWEL MODlFlERS

Unlike Sanskrit and Southern scripts, in the Northern scripts the

implicit vowel “a” at end of a word is not pronounced, and thus
should be left out in the transliteration. Example: & = asok,
m=raman. This also applies for nasal conjuncts where a Varg
consonant is preceded by a Nasal consonant belonging to the before % varg
same Varg, Example:-= bandh,m= kamp. Wordsending in
before P varg
other conjunct% still retain the implicit “a” vowel. Example: v=
putra, 7R = rastra, I% = m&a.

VOWELS

Notes :

x, 9, s are used only in Sanskrit

4 = short Y in Southern scripts

$I = short 3it in Southern scripts

CONSONANTS
d = new vowel in Devanagari, as in “bat”
The Five Vargs
sii = new vowel in Devanagari, as in “ball”

a n = 6(n in Tamil

?4y= B in Bengali and Oriya, while P y = 8.

T r = Tamil( $-I), TehJgU( w ), & Malayalam( 0 )

q r = = in Marathi

z ! used in Marathi

z ! = Tamil( Q( ), Malayalam( Q ), Telugu( 6 ) &

Kannada( d )

T z = Tamil( w ), Malayalam( ‘9 )
Non-Vargs

fi

22
 IS13194:1991

ANNEX-G
EXTENDED CHARACTER SET FOR VEDIC
The ISCII codes for Devanagari catered to all the characters G-l .l Udetta ~3’FlFO
required for typing Hindi, Marathi and Sanskrit. However they
The vowel that is perceived as having a high tone is called
could not contain the additional characters required for repre-
Udatta, or acutely accented. It is normally not marked. “..” is
senting ancient Vedic text. Many of these Vedic characters
used in S ukla Yajurveda texts, at the end of a sentence.
combine with other Devanagari characters. The Vedic charac-
ters cannot be thus thought of as constituting an independent
script, but have to be catered to as an extension to the ISCII
G-l .2 Anudetta ( w > ( _>
character set.
The vowel that is perceived as having a low tone is called
ISCII code provides an Extension code (EXT) whichredefines
Anudatta, or gravely accented. In writing it is marked by a line
the following ISCII character as another character not present
underneath the vowel. It also denotes Udatta in S atapatha
in the ISCII code. Through this extension technique it is
Brahmana. In Kathaka text, Anudatta is shown as a vertical iine
possible to represent, apartfrom Vedic, miscellaneous charac-
below the character (, ).
ters required for other Indian scripts.

It is not sufficient to provide only the extended character set for

Vedic, it is necessary to make sure that they can be typed in a G-l.3 barita ( Ff@X 1 ( ’ )
simple way. This necessitates a Vedic keyboard overlay along
The vowel that is a combination of Udatta and Anudatta tones
with the lnscript overlay. While remaining in the lnscript key-
is said to be Svarita or circumflexly accented. It is pronounced
board overlay it should be possible to select single characters
by combined raising and falling of the voice. It is marked by a
from the Vedic overlay. This has been made possible through
vertical line above a character.
an Extension key, which when pressed along with an ISCII
character, gives the corresponding character in the Vedic This definition applies in Rigveda. However the same sign is
overlay. defined as Udatta in Yajurveda’s Maitrayaniya text.
The Vedic characters are ignored in transliteration to another
Indian script and to the Roman script.
G-l.4 Long Svarita (ttd ‘fBRil) ( ’ )

Long Svarita is denoted by two vertical lines above a character

G-l Neture of the Vedic Charactws
In ancient times Vedic text was characterized by a tonal or pitch
accent: one syllable in a wordwas pronounced with a different
musical pitch than the others. In Sanskrit the pitch accent was
kept alive for some centuries after Panini, after which it finally
disappeared in pronunciation.
Vedic text gives importance to correct representation of tonal
marks along with the vowels. These tonal marks are called
Svaras. The three main Svaras are Udatta, Anudatta and
Svarita. Out of these Udatta has generally no indication.
Different Vedic texts however have no consistency in usage of
diacritic marks to indicate these Svaras. The same symbol may
get used by different authorities for different purposes.
( “), in some Taittiriya texts.
G-l.5 Kampa ( T4 ) ( 1 1
Kampa is vibration in the voice while reciting. The Kampa arises
only when a Svarita is followed immediately by an Udatta (or
Svarita). In such situations, a low-pitched Matra is inserted
between them. The recitation sequence consists of high pitch
of Svarita, followed by low pitch of Kampa, and~then the high
pitch of Udatta or Svarita, which causes the vibration. The
Matra which is inserted between the Svarita and Udatta (or
Svarita) is indicated by figure P if the Svarita is short and by
figure P if it is long. The figures are marked as both Svarita and
Anudatta, i.e. f and i.

In the Vedas there are three lengths for a vowel. These are
short, long and extra-long (IF7, itd, v). The short and long G-l.6 Jlhv6mrlliya @fFIF@T or 3WPfN) ( x )
vowels are denoted by the normal vowel signs used in Deva-
nagari, while the extra-long vowel is indicated by putting a 3sign This is like a half-Visarga sound, and can come only before four
after a short or long vowel sign. Example: &ad 7I7. consonants. Before q and a it is called Jihvamuliya, while
before Wand q it is called Upadhmaniya.

Example: 31p;T:+IZZF$r= &T&Yn$?f

Tm: + w4R = Imxvv4m

23
-.

IS 13194:lQQl

G-l.7 PuqpikB (@Ml or m> ( w > Code ISCII vedic

lex h. Char. Char. Name
This symbol is just a substitute for the spaces between words,
and hence is not needed.
41161’ + Visargal
92162’ Q Filler
G-d.8 Yajurvedic Anusvara
431637 ej, Yajurvedic Anusvaral
Anusvara followed by non-Varga characters is pronounced 441649 a Yajurvedic Anusvara2
with a 9 element mixed with a 3 vowel. This is also known as 45165311 ek Shukla Yajurvedic Anusvara
Gunk& @tiK>.
46166~3 * Yajurvedic Anusvara3
-a is used in Shukla Yajurveda. 971673 Pp Yajurvedic Anusvara4
481683 4 Visarga2
- * is used in KrishnaYajurveda. This is also used in Shukla
Yajurveda. 991693; d Visarga3
9A17OP P Visarga4
- * is an elongated Krishna Yajurvedic Anusvara.
9B 171 $ $ VisargaS
- t, rf, d, E., +P, c, E-arethevariantsofYajurvedicAnusvaras 9C172B * Jihvamuliya
found in different editions and seem to be redundant. Krishna Yajurvedic Anusvara
AD173h Ye
AEI74e Y Krishna Yajurvedic Long Anusvara
01.9 Visarga AF 175 3it E. YajurvedicAnusvara5
BO 176 s+ B Yajurvedic Anusvara6
There are many variants of the normal Visarga ( i ) found in
the Vedic texts like - 4 (after Udatta), P (after Svarita) , +, d, and B11773?l F Yajurvedic Anusvara7
s. All of these seem to be redundant. B21783ii t Short Kampa
B3179=fr 3 Long Kampa

G-1.10 Others: SWAR

B418On r Jatya Svarita-Atharvaveda
- r Atharvavedic Jatya Svarita is attached after a character. In
B5181’l ’ Svarita
some texts, it is shown preceding a Visarga. But it is better to
show it after Visarga, since that is the logical order. B6182B ’ Long Svarita
B71833 : Kampa
- Svaras in Samaveda are marked by P,? ,1, ii;, 7 and
B8184T _ Anudatta
J placed above the characters. These Svaras, when required,
can be placed in the corresponding positions of the previous B9185T w Jatya Svarita (Shukla Yajurveda)
row. As such no special symbols are needed for them. BA1863 _ Jatya Svarita (Maitrayaniya)
BB187-51 _. Sentence ending Udatta
BC1883 _ Jatya Svariia
(Non-Taittiriya Yajurveda)
G-2 Extension Codes for Vedic BD189Z . Svarita (Maitrayaniya)

The Extension character (EXT), defined in ISCII, can be fol-

BE 190 a , Anudatta (Kathaka)
lowed by another character in the range of Al h to EEh, to yield
MISCELLANEOUS
additional characters.
BF 191 3 0 Abbreviation sign

G-3 Structure of Vedic Characters

The Svarita symbols go above, below or after a character. Only
one symbol can be attached at a time. The character can be a
Full Consonant, Pure Consonant (with Halant), Vowel or.an-
other stand-alone Vedic symbol.

. 24
 IS13194:1991

G-3.1 Side Svara W for speedy typing of Vedic text.

Will go to the extreme right of the character, even after the The Extension key should be thought of as another kind of
Visarga. Example: qJ gr ftr:J SHIFT key, which has to be pressed along with a character key.
It is effective only when the lnscript overlay is active (CAPS-
G-3.210~ Svara * * LOCK is on). Each key typed along with the Extension key
emits a character pair, which join up on the display to show the
These will attach at the top of a character. However if there is
desired character. The first character is the EXT character,
already some other Matra, Anusvara or Chandrabindu sign
present on the top, then the top-Svara will-attach to the right of while the second is a Devanagari character. Thus two back-
it. Example: spaces would be required for deleting both these characters.
Example:
It a +t * $ f4 f#
EXT-KEY + H-key = EXT + T =r d
-cpi * * ‘6;’ * t% f% EXT-KEY + T-key = EXT + V E> ’
d 4-8 ?a
5?*31f” Vedic Keyboard Overlay
B jll

C
G-3.4 BottomSvara: H 3 F F F g v 4 5

These will attach below the character. However if there is

already a Matra below it. then they may combine with it or will
R T
get placed after it. II

TheSvaras_ , _ , _, ._and_ combine with the Matras 5 ,, ,

I= G

c v
s
f

SVARA MAIN SYMBOLS

I

The Vedic overlay has been designed to provide ease in typing

of Vedic symbols. Thus symbols used often are located on
more convenient positions. All the Svaras (tones) are located in
the left-half of the keyboard, to be typed by the left hand. These
Svaras attach on the characters typed before them.

The P and 3 symbols are provided on the corresponding 5ng-

lish numeral keys. These should be used for indicating short
and extra long vowel sounds rather than the normal numerals.
The Svaras .:and , do not combine with the Matras, but are
Main Vedic symbols are provided in the right half of the overlay.
placed after them.
The Svara characters can be attached on these. The important
-e 5 H F F F Visarga and Anusvara symbols are given in separate rows.
?-)Z%Ti%%
Important exceptions are the three symbols located in bottom
rignt of the overlay. The abbreviation sign (0) is given for tradi-
tional usage: in modern usage it gets replaced by the full-stop
sign. The Avagrah (5) and Om (ti) symbols are given for
convenience only; these could-have been typed on the Deva-
nagari overlay using the Nukta (7) key.
G-4 Keyboard Oberlay for Vedic
In Vedic texts, one may wish to show an Explicit Halant which
A character on the Vedic overlay is selected by pressing it along would be shown on the previous consonant, and which would
with the Extension key. The Extension key can vary in location prevent the consonant from joining with the next one. The
depending on the type of keyboard and implementation. On an Explicit Halant can be formed by typing Halant twice.
84-key IBM PC-AT keyboard, the Extension key can be the
same as the SYS-REQ key. On the lOl-key IBM Enhanced
Keyboard, the right-ALT key can be used as an Extension key.
The right-ALT key, being much closer, is more convenient than
the SYS-REQ key; this makes the keyboard more convenient
1~s13194:1991

G-4.1 Typing Order

The Svara symbols which attach above, below or after a Non-Svara (R)
character. should be typed at the end of a composite character.
All the Vedic charactersexcluding the Svara.
Example:
*+ ,=m, “+Z+_=‘j;. rn+f+T+I.=lwJ-
Following ISthe extension to the ISCll code syntax, required for
Vedic syllab!es.
Vedic non-Svara characters can take only a Vedic Svara on it.
Example:
Vedic-Syllable ::= Vedic-Cons-Vowel-Syllable 1
exT~= U, $+‘=i, E +_= c
Vedic-Vowel-Syllable ( Full-Vedic-Syllable

Vedic-Cons-Vowel-Syllable ::= Cons-Vowel-Syllable S

G-5 Vedic Syllable Syntax
Vedic-Vowel-Syllable ::= Vowel-Syllable S
Svara (S)
Full-Vedic-Syllable ::= R S

26
 ANNEX-H

ISCII IN TELEX/TELEPRINTERS
The Department of Telecommunication (DOT) has adopted the H.-l ISSCII-83 Syntax
ISSCII-83 (Indian Script Standard Code for fnformation Inter-
change) code, a DOE 1983 standard, for use in Roman/ The ISSCII-83 characters used in bilingual telex machine can
Devanagari telex/teleprinters. An 8-bit ISSCI character is be classified as:
transmitted as two 5bit characters. These machines initially
interact in Roman using 5bit Baudot code (CCIlTAlphabet No.
2). A protocol is defined, by which machines at both ends, can
enter and exit the ISSCII-83 mode.

Hindustan Teleprinter Limited (HTL) introduced the first Ro-

man/Devanagari telex machine in 1987, which uses the
ISSCII-83 code. It uses the Phono-graphic keyboard standard-
ized by DOE in 1983. Tf?;Q:=~itt
Due to the large installed base of the telex/teleprinter ma- SIGNS (S)
chines, it is not desirable to upgrade them to the new ISCll
codes and the lnscript keyboard. For compatibilty it would be % -1 _ - ._ .+
. . 1
necessary for the new machines to continue using the ISSCII-
83 code for communicating with the old machines. The new Symbols (SYM)
machine can fall into two categories.
ti iTi 8.5
1, Those which are compatible to the old bilingual machines
Link(LNK)
and use the ISSCII-83 code along with the phono-graphic
keyboard. A Devanagari word can consist of one or more syllables. Syntax
2. Multilingual machines, which communicate to the old ma- for a syllable is given in the following Backus-Naur Formalism
chines using ISSCII-83 code. They will use ISCII code for (BNF).
interaction with other multilingual~machines. All the Indian Syllable ::= Vowel-Syllable I %ns-Syllable 1SYM
scripts are provided through the common lnscript key-
board overlay. In addition they can havealternateoverlays Vowel-Syllable ::= LNK M [S]
for specific scripts as approved by the Department of
Telecommunication. Cons-Syllable ::= [C LNK] [C LNK] [C LNK] C [WI)IS] IS)

27
IS13194:1991

-
1 2 3 4 5 6 8

Hex
-
ii- 32 48 64
-
80 96 128

0 3 NUL DLE SP 0 @ P P
1 1 sol-i DC1 I 1 A Q a q
II
2 2 STX DC2 2 B R b r

3 3 ETX DC3 # 3 C S C s

4 4 EOT DC4 RS 4 D T d t

5 5 ENC NAK % 5 E U e U

6 6 ACK SYN & 6 F V f V

7 7 BEL ETB 7 G W 9 W

8 8 BS CAN ( 8 H X h X

9 9 HT EM 1 9 I Y i Y
*
A 10 LF SUB J z j Z

B 11 VT ESC + K 1 k 1

c 12 FF FS L \ I I

D 13 CR GS M I m }

E 14 so RS N h n

F 15 SI us I 0 - 0 DE
- -

-28
 IS 13194:1991

CONVERSION FROM ISSCll-83 TO ISCII

0
-r
A0 c&J Al ,E9 BO * AE co P BB
Al = Al Bl i! A0 Cl a BC
A2 L A2 82 Y AC c2 1 BD
A3 T A3 83 a AD c3 a BE
A4 DSF 20 B4 3if 82 c4 3 BF
A5 s EA,ES 85 3it AF c5 3 BF,ES
A6 J( A4 B6 ti BO C6 X co
A7 3n A5 87 + Bl c7 ?s CO,E9
A8 5 A6 88 gi 83 C8 T Cl
A9 a A7 69 PI 84 c9 ‘il c2
AA J A8 BA 9 85 CA B c3
A0 3i A9 BB g B6 CB P C4
AC XC AA BC B 87 cc B c5
AD V AA,E9 BD V 68 CD ? C8
AE pt A6,E9 BE ‘PT B9 CE X c7
AF S A7,E9 BF 9 BA CF V C8

DO v c9 EO T E9 :1 FO T E8,E8
01 T CA El 1 DA Fl

E2 f DB F2 LNk E8 l2
02 rT CB
D3 q cc E3 -t DC F3 R C4.CF

D4 P CD E4 ; DD F4 8. CF,DD,PE

D5 T CF E5 ; DE F5 -L CF,E8 *3

DO E6 ‘; DF F6 w B3,E8,D6
D6 3
07 FT Dl E7 ; DF,ES ~F7 X C2,E8,CF

D8 G3 02 E8 = E3 F8 -n BA,E8,BC

03 E9 A EO F9 st D5,E8,CF
D9 F
EA 3. El FA Ignored
DA q D4
FB Ignored
DB VI 05 EB i E2
FC Ignored
DC 1 D6 EC i E7 FD Ignored
DD fl D7 ED t E4 FE Ignored
DDE I!! 08 EE t E5 FF Ignored

DF 0 DO,E8,DC EF t E6
L

Motes:It is necessary to collect a whole ISSCII-83 syllable before converting it to ISCII.

ll ISCII Nukta should always be kept immediately after the preceding consonant.
‘2 When LINK is followed by a Matra, conversion should be done according to the LINK TABLE.
‘3 1 (Reph) of ISSCII-83 should be placed as 7 - . of ISCII, atthe begini@ of the syllable.

LINKTABLE (For conversion of ISSCII-83 LINK followed by a Matra to an ISCII Vowel)

El 1 91 A5 E6 ; AA EB i AD
E2 f q A6 E7 T AA,EO EC j 82
E3 ? f A7 E8 = AE ED ‘t AF
1E4 3 3 A8 -E9 =, AB EE t Bo
;E5 ‘; s A9 EA 1 AC EF t Bl

29
IS 13194:1991

CONVERWON -OF ISCII TO ISSCII-83

--
A0 BO * LNK j F2,EE co T C6
Al o Al Bl 3h LNKt F2,EF Cl v( C8
A2 - A2 82 ii’ LNK i F2,EC c2 ?T c9
A3 i 7
A3 83 T T 88 c3 $JT CA
A4 3 g A6 84 %i q B9 c4 ‘I CB
A5 W LNK 1 F2,El 85 T T BA c5 4 cc
A6 B LNK f F2,E2 B6 Q Q BB C6 ;I CD
A7 f LNK? F2,E3 87 3 3 BC c7 ?f CD
A8 3 LNK 5 F2f4 88 v Q BD C8 T CF
A9 3; LNK ; F2,E5 B9 3 T BE c9 v; DO
AA P LNK 1 F2,E6 BA 9 4 BF CA 3 Dl
AB ti LNK k F2,E9 BB -$T P co CB q D2
AC B LNK 1 F2,EA BC ;jl T Cl cc rl 03
AD h LNK A F2,EB BD Z z c2 CD 9 D4
AE ‘j LNKY F2,E8 BE a a c3 CE q D4
AF 3ii LNKf F2,ED BF 3 3 c4 CF 7 D5

DO .7 D5 EO L1 E9 FO
Dl 3 D7 El L EA Fl * 0 30
D2 a D8 E2 F EB F2 9 1 31
D3 ;;r; D8 E3 = E8 F3 ? 2 32
D4 d DA E4 t ED F4 3 3 33
D5 m DB E5 ‘t EE F5 Y 4 34
D6 B DC E6 ‘r EF F6 4 5 35
D7 q DD E7 i EC F7 fi 6 36
D8 B DE E8 T F2 .1 F8 b 7 37
D9 INV Ignored E9 T EO 1
‘2 F9 c 8 38
DA 1 El EA I 2E FA 9 9 39
DB .f. E2 FB
EB
FC
DC ? E3 EC
FD
DD ; E4 ED
FE
EE
DE ; E5 FF
EF
DF - E6
_I
CONJUNCT TABLE Notes: It is necessary to collect a whole ISCll syllable berore translating
it to its corresponding ISSCll-83 syllable .
3Ja A0
ll A double Halant of ISCII gets converted to a single Halant of
s A5 ISSCII-83. A single l-falant before a non-consonant gets converted to
L F5 ‘3 a single Halant of ISSCII-83, followed by the non-consonant.
er F6 l2 If Nukta comes before Halant, ignore the Nukta. If the Nukta
P F7 comes before a Matra, then send the Nukta after the syllable.

?i F8 l3T ,of ISCII detected at the begining of an ISCII syllable, has to be put
I F9 after the last consonant of the syllable. But if the Matra is present, it has
to be put immediately after it.

30
..
 IS 13194:1991

Formatting 5-bit coded bytes from &blt coded Protocol for change over from CCITT to ISSCII-83
characters :
BILINGUAL
MULTILINGUAL RESPONDING
1. 8-bit ISCll or ISSCII-83 code for a character INITIATER MACHINE

b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 bl bo
Send “ZHHHH” in CCln
Indicator ..~~~~.______
Flashes
Splitting the code into two nibbles Send “DDDD” in CCITT
Idicator On ._____________<__~___..~~__________
3SCll-83 Mode Send “OK” Acknowledge fssc11f83 Mode

-----_____.. -> _______

______
___-

Adding the flag bits t

111 b$ty++$ fO/b3jii~blj bO]

FROM ISSCllf83 to CCIT-
--
Send two Avagrah: sf
Adding start & stop bits
Indicator Ott _____________>_
. . .._.. ____________
ndicator Ott
CClTl Mode XITT Mode
WRU in CCllT
top 1 b7 b6 b5 b4 start stop 0 b2 bl b0 start _---.____--__<___---_______---__--_
Answer Back in CCITT
Formation of two sequential 7.5 bit bytes -----____-___,~------_...._-______
CALL ESTABLISHED
top 1 b7 b6 b5 b4 stop 0 b3 b2 bl b0 start IN CCITT

Second-byte - -z First-byte - - Z-
.
Protocol for change over from CCITT to ISSCII-83 Protocol for change over from CCllT to ISCII

BILINGUAL /
MULTILINGUAL WLTILINGUAL MULTILINGUAL
BILINGUAL RESPONDING NITIATING RESPONDING
INITIATER MACHINE AACHINE MACHINE

FROM CCIT-T to ISSCII-83

Send “HHHH” in CCITT Send “ZHHHH” in CCITT

______
_____--,___________..
_____ inird;y __________--__,________________--_
Send “DDDD” in CCITT Send “I I I I” in CCITT
Indicator On ---------__---<_________---____- .------.. ~~~...<___
_---_______.~...
Indicator On
ISSCIl-83 Mode ISSCII-83 Mode ISCII Mode Send 3 Script-Mnemonic
Send “OK” Acknowledge
characters In ISCII
In ISSCII-83
___________-__,_________________
Indicator On

~__
FROM ISCll to CCITT
iROM ISSCII-83 to CCITT i

Send “&$V’ in ISCII

lndlcator Off Send two Avagrah: ss Indicator Off _____._
~~___,__________________~
CCllT Mode --____________)_________.________
Indicator Oft CCITT Mode Indicator Off
CCITT Mode
WRU in CCllT
CCITT Mode
WRU in CCITT _....________<___________----____
--__________-_<_________._______
-I Answer Back in CCITT
Answer Back in CCllT ~_~___________>__~~~...~~~_______~
t_____________>_________________ CALL ESTABLISHED
1
CALL ESTABLISHED ) IN CCll-T
IN CCIT-T I
w-- _.- -.J
IS13194:1991

H-2, Bilingual to Bilingual /Multilingual An initiating machine indicates the default script to a respond-
ing machine through a 3 character Script-Mnemonic, as de-
Protocol fined in the Script-Mnemonic Table.

H-2.1After the call is established wit:1 verification of the called
party identity by WRU exchange, the initiating machine sends
“HHHH” mode-change sequence to the responding-machine
and an indicator flashes.
H-2.2 On receiving “HHHH” sequence, the responding-ma-
chine sends “DDDD” identification sequence in CCITT code
and its modes changes to ISSCII-83. Its indicator starts flash-
ing.
H-2.3 If the initiating-machine receives identification sequence
“DDDD” correctly, it changes its mode to ISSCII-83 and sends
“OK” to the called-machine. Now the indicator on the initiating-
machine lights up continuously.
H-2.4 If “DDDD” is not received by the initiating-machine for 2
seconds, the indicator goes off, the machine reverts back to the
CCITT mode, and step 1 is repeated. This sequence is re-
peated twice in case of the automatic mode.
H-2.5 On receiving “OK” in ISSCII-83, the indicator of the re-
sponding-machine becomes continuously on.
H-2.6 If “OK” is not received by the responding-machine for 2
seconds, the mode of the machine changes over to CCllT,
indicator switches off and the sequence 1 is repeated twice in
case of the automatic mode.
H-2.7 To change from ISSCII-83 to CCITT, either of the ma-
chines sends ” SS ” (Two Avagrah) sequence. The initiating-
machine switches off its indicator, and reverts to the CCllT
mode.
H-2.8 On receipt of the change-over sequence ” 55 “, the re-
ceiving-machine changes over to CClTT mode, switches off its
indicator and sends WRU code back.
H-2.9 The receipt of answer-back in CCllTsetves as confirma-
tion of change over to CCITT mode of the other machine.
H-2.10 In case of answer-back failure in manual or auto-mode,
the call clears down.
H-3 Multilingual Machines
A multingual machine always provides all the 10 Brahmi-based
Indian scripts. These scripts can be typed in a common manner
through the lnscript keyboard overlay. In addition there can be
different overlays for some scripts.
Although each line starts with the default script, it ispossible to
select other scripts within a line through the Attribute character
(ATR) defined in the ISCII code. All the script attributes will,
however, terminate at the end of a line, and the next line will start
with the default script.
The ATR character also allows selection of different display
attributes, like bold, italics and ur,derline. These attributes are
always off at the beginning of a line, and then work on a toggle
basis.
H-4 Multilingual to Multilingual Protocol
H-4.lAfter the call is established with verification of the called
party identity by WRU exchange, the initiating machine sends
“ZHHHH” mode-change sequence to the responding machine
and an indicator flashes.
H-4.2On receiving “ZHHHH” sequence, the responding-mach-
ine sends “I I I I” identification sequence in CCITT code and its
mod,> changes to ISCII. Its indicator starts flashing.
H-4.3 If the initiating-machine receives identification sequence
“I I I I” correctly, it changes its mode to ISCII and sends a default
script mnemonic, as specified in the Script-Mnemonic table.
Now the indicator on the initiating machine lights up continu-
ously.
H-4.4 If “DDDD” is received by the initiating-machine then the
interaction proceeds as defined for two bilingual machines, If
“1 I I I” is not received for 2 seconds the indicator goes off, the
machine reverts back to the CCllTmode and the sequence 1
is repeated twice in case of of the automatic~mode.
H-4.5 On receiving a 3 character script-mnemonic in ISCII, the
indicator of the responding-machine becomes continuously on.
As the characters are repeated thrice within the script-mne-
monic, it is possible to detect the defaul? script if one of the
characters is in error.
H-4.6 If a valid script-mnemonic is not received by the re-
sponding-machine for 2 seconds, the mode of the machine
changes over to CCITT, indicator switches off and the se-
quence 1 is repeated twice in case of the automatic mode.
H-4.7 To change from ISCII to CCITT, either of the machines
sends n3%@l” sequence.Theinitiating-machineswitchesoff its
indicator, and reverts to the CCITT mode.

SCRIPT-MNEMONIC TABLE H-4.8 On receipt of the change-over sequence “3?l$sTI” the

receiving-machine changes over to CCllT mode, switches off
Bengali BBB its indicator and sends WRU code back.
Gujarati GGG
~H-4.9 The receipt of answer-back in CCITT serves as confinr
Telugu LLL
tion of change over to CCITT mode of the other machine.
Oriya 000
Tamil TTT H-4.10 In case of answer-back failure in manual or auto-mot
the call clears down.

32
Bnrcril of Indian Stmwdr

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standardr Act, 1986 to
promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality
certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country.

Copyright

BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced
In any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use,
in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type
or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director
( Publications ), BIS.

Revision of Indian Standarda

Indian Standards are reviewed periodically and revised, when necessary and amendments, if
any, are issued from time to time. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in
possession of the latest amendments or edition. Comments on this Indian Standard may be
sent to BIS giving the following reference:

Dot : No. LTD 37 ( 1610 )

Amendments haed Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

Headquarters:
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafsr Marg, New Delhi 110002
Telephones : 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams : Manaksanstha
( Common to all Offices )
Regional Oflices : Telephone
Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 331 01 31
NEW DELHI 110002 1 331 13 75
&stern : l/14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Maniktola 37 84 99, 37 85 61
CALCUTTA 700054 37 86 26, 37 86 62
SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C, CHANDIGARH 160036 53 38 43, 53 16 40
Northern :
53 23 84
C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 600113 235 02 16, 235 04 42,
Southern :
235 15 19, 235 23 15
Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ) 632 92 95, 632 78 58.
BOMBAY 400093 I 632 78 91, 632 78 92
Branches : AHMADABAD, BANGALORE, BHOPAL, BHUBANESHWAR, COIMBATORE
FARJDABAD, GHAZIABAD, GUWAHATI, HYDERABAD, JAIPUR, KANPUR
LUCKNOW, PATNA, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM.

Printed at Ihe Kay Printers. New Delhi, India