04/03/2023, 21:00 How Big Oil Misled The Public Into Believing Plastic Would Be Recycled — National Public

National Public Radio – Coyote Gulch

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Coyote Gulch

How Big Oil Misled The Public Into

Believing Plastic Would Be Recycled —
National Public Radio

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Top 10 sources of plastic pollution in our oceans.

From National Public Radio (Laura Sullivan):

Laura Leebrick, a manager at Rogue Disposal & Recycling in southern

Oregon, is standing on the end of its landfill watching an avalanche of
plastic trash pour out of a semitrailer: containers, bags, packaging,
strawberry containers, yogurt cups.

None of this plastic will be turned into new plastic things. All of it is
buried.

“To me that felt like it was a betrayal of the public trust,” she said. “I
had been lying to people … unwittingly.”

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Rogue, like most recycling companies, had been sending plastic trash to
China, but when China shut its doors two years ago, Leebrick scoured
the U.S. for buyers. She could find only someone who wanted white
milk jugs. She sends the soda bottles to the state.

But when Leebrick tried to tell people the truth about burying all the
other plastic, she says people didn’t want to hear it.

“I remember the first meeting where I actually told a city council that
it was costing more to recycle than it was to dispose of the same
material as garbage,” she says, “and it was like heresy had been spoken
in the room: You’re lying. This is gold. We take the time to clean it, take
the labels off, separate it and put it here. It’s gold. This is valuable.”

But it’s not valuable, and it never has been. And what’s more, the
makers of plastic — the nation’s largest oil and gas companies — have
known this all along, even as they spent millions of dollars telling the
American public the opposite.

NPR and PBS Frontline spent months digging into internal industry
documents and interviewing top former officials. We found that the
industry sold the public on an idea it knew wouldn’t work — that the
majority of plastic could be, and would be, recycled — all while making
billions of dollars selling the world new plastic.

The industry’s awareness that recycling wouldn’t keep plastic out of

landfills and the environment dates to the program’s earliest days, we
found. “There is serious doubt that [recycling plastic] can ever be made
viable on an economic basis,” one industry insider wrote in a 1974
speech.

Yet the industry spent millions telling people to recycle, because, as one
former top industry insider told NPR, selling recycling sold plastic,
even if it wasn’t true…

Here’s the basic problem: All used plastic can be turned into new
things, but picking it up, sorting it out and melting it down is
expensive. Plastic also degrades each time it is reused, meaning it can’t
be reused more than once or twice.

On the other hand, new plastic is cheap. It’s made from oil and gas,
and it’s almost always less expensive and of better quality to just start
fresh.
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All of these problems have existed for decades, no matter what new
recycling technology or expensive machinery has been developed. In all
that time, less than 10 percent of plastic has ever been recycled. But the
public has known little about these difficulties.

It could be because that’s not what

they were told.

Starting in the 1990s, the public

saw an increasing number of
commercials and messaging about
recycling plastic…

These commercials carried a

distinct message: Plastic is special,
and the consumer should recycle
it…

It may have sounded like an environmentalist’s message, but the ads

were paid for by the plastics industry, made up of companies like
Exxon, Chevron, Dow, DuPont and their lobbying and trade
organizations in Washington.

Industry companies spent tens of millions of dollars on these ads and

ran them for years, promoting the benefits of a product that, for the
most part, was buried, was burned or, in some cases, wound up in the
ocean.

Documents show industry officials knew this reality about recycling

plastic as far back as the 1970s.

Many of the industry’s old documents are housed in libraries, such as

the one on the grounds of the first DuPont family home in Delaware.
Others are with universities, where former industry leaders sent their
records.

At Syracuse University, there are boxes of files from a former industry

consultant. And inside one of them is a report written in April 1973 by
scientists tasked with forecasting possible issues for top industry
executives.

Recycling plastic, it told the executives, was unlikely to happen on a

broad scale…
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And there are more documents, echoing decades of this knowledge,

including one analysis from a top official at the industry’s most
powerful trade group. “The costs of separating plastics … are high,” he
tells colleagues, before noting that the cost of using oil to make plastic
is so low that recycling plastic waste “can’t yet be justified
economically.”

Larry Thomas, the former president of the Society of the Plastics

Industry, worked side by side with top oil and plastics executives.

He’s retired now, on the coast of Florida where he likes to bike, and
feels conflicted about the time he worked with the plastics industry…

Thomas took over back in the late 1980s, and back then, plastic was in
a crisis. There was too much plastic trash. The public was getting
upset…

So began the plastics industry’s $50 million-a-year ad campaign

promoting the benefits of plastic.

“Presenting the possibilities of plastic!” one iconic ad blared, showing

kids in bike helmets and plastic bags floating in the air.

“This advertising was motivated first and foremost by legislation and

other initiatives that were being introduced in state legislatures and
sometimes in Congress,” Freeman says, “to ban or curb the use of
plastics because of its performance in the waste stream.”

At the same time, the industry launched a number of feel-good

projects, telling the public to recycle plastic. It funded sorting
machines, recycling centers, nonprofits, even expensive benches
outside grocery stores made out of plastic bags.

Few of these projects actually turned much plastic into new things.

NPR tracked down almost a dozen projects the industry publicized

starting in 1989. All of them shuttered or failed by the mid-1990s.
Mobil’s Massachusetts recycling facility lasted three years, for example.
Amoco’s project to recycle plastic in New York schools lasted two. Dow
and Huntsman’s highly publicized plan to recycle plastic in national
parks made it to seven out of 419 parks before the companies cut
funding.

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None of them was able to get past the economics: Making new plastic
out of oil is cheaper and easier than making it out of plastic trash.

Both Freeman and Thomas, the head of the lobbying group, say the
executives all knew that…

The industry created a special group called the Council for Solid Waste
Solutions and brought a man from DuPont, Ron Liesemer, over to run
it.

Liesemer’s job was to at least try to make recycling work — because

there was some hope, he said, however unlikely, that maybe if they
could get recycling started, somehow the economics of it all would
work itself out.

“I had no staff, but I had money,” Liesemer says. “Millions of dollars.”

Liesemer took those millions out to Minnesota and other places to start
local plastic recycling programs.

But then he ran into the same problem all the industry documents
found. Recycling plastic wasn’t making economic sense: There were too
many different kinds of plastic, hundreds of them, and they can’t be
melted down together. They have to be sorted out…

Industry documents from this time show that just a couple of years
earlier, starting in 1989, oil and plastics executives began a quiet
campaign to lobby almost 40 states to mandate that the symbol appear
on all plastic — even if there was no way to economically recycle it.
Some environmentalists also supported the symbol, thinking it would
help separate plastic.

Smith said what it did was make all plastic look recyclable.

“The consumers were confused,” Smith says. “It totally undermined our
credibility, undermined what we knew was the truth in our
community, not the truth from a lobbying group out of D.C.”

But the lobbying group in D.C. knew the truth in Smith’s community
too. A report given to top officials at the Society of the Plastics Industry
in 1993 told them about the problems.

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“The code is being misused,” it says bluntly. “Companies are using it as

a ‘green’ marketing tool.”

The code is creating “unrealistic expectations” about how much plastic

can actually be recycled, it told them.

Smith and his colleagues launched a national protest, started a

working group and fought the industry for years to get the symbol
removed or changed. They lost…

In response, industry officials told NPR that the code was only ever
meant to help recycling facilities sort plastic and was not intended to
create any confusion.

Without question, plastic has been critical to the country’s success. It’s
cheap and durable, and it’s a chemical marvel.

It’s also hugely profitable. The oil industry makes more than $400
billion a year making plastic, and as demand for oil for cars and trucks
declines, the industry is telling shareholders that future profits will
increasingly come from plastic.

And if there was a sign of this future, it’s a brand-new chemical plant
that rises from the flat skyline outside Sweeny, Texas. It’s so new that
it’s still shiny, and inside the facility, the concrete is free from stains…

Larry Thomas, Lew Freeman and Ron Liesemer, former industry

executives, helped oil companies out of the first plastic crisis by getting
people to believe something the industry knew then wasn’t true: That
most plastic could be and would be recycled.

Russell says this time will be different.

“It didn’t get recycled because the system wasn’t up to par,” he says.
“We hadn’t invested in the ability to sort it and there hadn’t been
market signals that companies were willing to buy it, and both of those
things exist today.”

But plastic today is harder to sort than ever: There are more kinds of
plastic, it’s cheaper to make plastic out of oil than plastic trash and
there is exponentially more of it than 30 years ago.

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And during those 30 years, oil and plastic companies made billions of
dollars in profit as the public consumed ever more quantities of plastic.

Russell doesn’t dispute that.

“And during that time, our members have invested in developing the
technologies that have brought us where we are today,” he says. “We
are going to be able to make all of our new plastic out of existing
municipal solid waste in plastic.”

[…]

Analysts now expect plastic production to triple by 2050.

Posted on March 11, 2021 by Coyote Gulch

Posted in General Interest, Water Pollution

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COYOTE GULCH
March 11, 2021 at 1:04 pm

Thanks for linking.

John Orr
http://coyotegulch.blog/

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