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SECONDARY HAZARDS
- Consequences of other
hazards.

EXAMPLE:

The ash can mix with water to

form deadly fast flow rivers of
mud called lahars.
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QUASI-NATURAL HAZARD
interaction of natural process
and human activities

- Smog and desertification,

slope failure

- Factory explosion/dam
failures

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HAZARD ASSESSMENT
• “Hazard Assessment is the process of estimating,
for defined areas, the probabilities of the
occurrence of potentially damaging phenomenon
of given magnitude within a specified period of
time”. – UNDRO (United Nations Disaster Relief Organization)

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 HAZARD ASSESSMENT
VS. RISK ASSESSMENT
ØRisk Assessment involves both the assessment of
hazards from a scientific point of view and the
socioeconomic impacts of a hazardous event.
ØThus, without hazard assessment, no risk
assessment can be complete.

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QUANTITATIVE APPROACH

Mathematical functions or equations relating

the hazard variables used are formulated or
adopted to quantify the hazard.

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QUALITATIVE APPROACH

Instead of representing with numbers, this method

uses expert opinion in ranking in relative terms the
intensity or probability of occurrence of a hazard
event.

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PROBABILISTIC APPROACH
Probability of occurrence of rainfall of a given
intensity can be estimated, for example, by ranking
past rainfalls and applying the appropriate statistical
method of analysis.

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DETERMINISTIC APPROACH

This is a more subjective approach of estimating

probability. A past event of a given intensity or
magnitude is selected and the consequences at
certain intensities are described.

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HAZARD MAPPING

Hazard mapping is the process of identifying the

spatial variation of hazard events or physical
conditions (e.g., potential ground shaking, steep
slopes, flood plains, and hazardous materials sites).

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HAZARD MAPPING

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GIS: A POWERFUL HAZARD MAPPING TOOL
 MULTIPLE HAZARD MAPS (MHM)

, a multiple hazard map (MHM) helps the planning

team to analyze all of them for vulnerability and
risk.

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Multiple Hazard Maps
(MHM)
HAZARD MAP OF ANGGAT DAM