SECTION 3.

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION,
ASSESSMENT, AND MAPPING
 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
AND ASSESSMENT

- is the process of estimating, for defined areas, the

probabilities of the occurrence of potentially
damaging phenomenon of given magnitude within
a specified period of time. – UNDRO (United
Nations Disaster Relief Organization).
 QUANTITATIVE
APPROACH
- Mathematical functions or equations relating
the hazard variables used are formulated or
adopted quantify the hazard.
 QUALITATIVE
APPROACH
- Instead of using numbers, this method uses
expert opinion in ranking in relative terms the
intensity or probability of occurrence of a
hazard event. This method preferred especially
when data is not enough to come up with a
quantitative evaluation or when it is not
possible to express numerically one or more
variables.
 DETERMINISTIC
APPROACH

- This is a more subjective approach of

estimating probability. Deterministic
approaches are used to assess disaster impacts
of a given hazard scenario.
 HAZARD
MAPPING
- Is the process of identifying the spatial
variation of hazard events or physical
conditions (e.g., potential ground shaking,
steep slopes, flood plains, and hazardous
material sites.)
 NATURAL HAZARD MAPPING
METHODS AND TECHNIQUES
• Use of various field techniques (compasses, GPS
and/or stadia rods) to establish the locations and
orientations of relevant geologic materials, landforms,
and structures. Symbols and colors are used to represent
the different features in topographic base maps.
• Stereoscopic pairs of air photographs enable three –
dimensional visualization of the features of the area
being mapped. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) serve
similar purpose. DEMs are derived from high resolution
satellite images.
• Scientific investigation involving experts from various
fields. Landslide hazard mapping, for instance, would
require skills of geologists. The field mapping phase of
the investigation identifies adverse conditions (e.g., steep
slopes) and hazard triggers (e.g., rain fall) that help
define the potential hazard. Data gathered from the
field, historical accounts, published works and archives
of geotechnical data, and from monitoring records are
used to develop a model of future impacts.
GIS (GEOGRAPHIC
INFORMATION
SYSTEM)
 MHM( MULTIPLE
HAZARD MAPPING)
OR COMPOSITE
HAZARD MAP
CFM ( CRITICAL
FACILITIES MAP)