11/12

DRRR
Quarter 2 – Module 11
Key Concepts, Principles and
Elements of DRRR
DRRR– Grade 11/12
Quarter 2 – Module 11: Key Concepts, Principles and Elements of DRRR

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Ma. Hazel T. Teologo

Evaluators: Jose Roy S. Aguilar

Ma. Claudette C. Borrega
Niño Gerard C. Ceneta

Reviewers: Jezrahel T. Omadto

Language Editors: Anabel B. Tendenilla

Imee S. Gabion
Hazel Grace T. Vargas

Layout Artist: Ariel R. Tanael

 Supplementary Learning Module for Senior High School Learners

Key Concepts, Principles, and Elements of DRR

BEGIN!
Our understanding of hazards has gone a long way but we are definitely far from being
able to use the benefits that science and technology can offer in dealing with hazards. The
truth is, science and technology alone will not do the job of risk reduction. A more holistic
approach involving reducing exposure and vulnerability is the key. The aim of disaster risk
reduction and disaster management is to minimize casualties and other effects of natural
hazards, in other words, to prevent disasters from happening. It is now time to put into action
what you have learned about disaster risk (hazards, elements at risk and vulnerability). Who
would be responsible for doing these tasks? Is it the sole responsibility of the national
government? Does the government have enough resources to do these?

YOUR TARGETS

Hi! I am Teacher Hazel! I’m going to guide you in your

journey in this module.
At the end of the module, you should be able to:

• Discuss the key concepts, principles, and

elements of DRR (DRR11/12-IIg-h-42)

TRY THIS!
Directions: Identify what is being asked or described in each item. Write the letter of the
correct answer in your answer sheets.
1. What is Disaster Risk Reduction?
A) It is the degree of loss to each element should a hazard of a given severity occur.
B) It is the process of identifying the spatial variation of hazard events or physical
conditions.
C) It is a systematic effort to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks to avoid or to
limit the effects of hazards.
D) These are potentials for damage to man and his environment that may result from
the occurrence of natural events.
2. ______________ is the entire array of activities aimed at reducing the severity of impact
of the disaster-causing event which are undertaken before, during and after disaster.
A) Disaster risk reduction
B) Disaster management
C) Disaster risk reduction and management
D) None of the above

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For items 3-5, Write TRUE if the statement is correct, if the statement is incorrect, write
FALSE.
_______3. Disaster risk reduction activities are part and parcel of the whole effort undertaken
before and until long after a disastrous event.
_______4. Disaster risk reduction is a process which is done a week after a disaster strikes.
_______5. Planning for evacuation routes and camps, and logistics for providing relief
supplies is a good disaster preparedness practice.

Congratulations!
Please check your answers at the answer key section.

DO THIS!

Objective
To be more familiar of hazard mitigation options for each hazard other than the
prediction and warning systems.
Procedure:
1. Fill in the spaces in the table 1A (Status of Prediction for Natural Hazards and
Measures to Mitigate Effects) for each of the major hazards listed.
2. For column 2 (Lead Philippine Agency), indicate the agency that is mandated by law
primarily to monitor and issue appropriate warnings. There are also other agencies
involved in mapping and research activities but monitoring and warning are the lead
agency’s responsibility.
3. Indicate in column 3 the status of prediction capability of the agency concerned for
each hazard.

Table 1A. Status of Prediction Capability for Natural Hazards and Measures to
Mitigate Effects
Major Natural Lead Philippine Status of Examples of
Hazards Agency Prediction Specific
Capability Mitigation
(None, Developing, Measures
Existing)
Earthquake
Tsunami
Volcanic eruption
Lahar
Typhoon
Storm Surge
Flood
Landslide
Sea Level
Changes

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 EXPLORE!
Directions: With reference to your responses in the previous activity, answer the following
questions. Write your answers in your answer sheets.
1. In column 2, which agencies handle the most number of natural hazards? Which
agencies handle the most occurring natural hazards?

2. In column 3, does your answer hold true for all cases? Do other countries have the
same capability? For which hazard are we at par with other countries with advanced
warning and predictive capabilities?

3. Which of the specific mitigation measures in column 3, reduces vulnerability

effectively? Which of these are hazard oriented? There are cases where the hazard
can be predicted and yet disasters ensue? What may have gone wrong when this
happens? Is it the timeliness of warning? Is it the manner of delivery of warning? Is it
the lack of awareness of the people? What can be done about it?

4. How effective are social media and cellular phones in relaying warnings, information
and educational campaigns? Are there instrumented warning methods and tell-tale
signs of impending hazard events that can be used by the local people to alert the
community? Will these make the task of the lead agencies easier and more
effective?

KEEP THIS IN MIND

What is DRR?
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) refers to systematic efforts to minimize vulnerabilities
and disaster risks, to avoid (prevention) or limit (mitigation and preparedness) the effects of
hazards. Mitigation measures are designed to minimize disaster-related losses (life, property
or assets, and environment). Example of DRR activities, which are done before a disaster
strikes, are the following:

• Building code revision and implementation

• Hazard and vulnerability analysis
• Zoning and land use management
• Public awareness and education
• Early warning systems including forecasting and dissemination of warnings

Disaster risk reduction is a process done before a disaster strikes. It consists of five steps:
risk identification, risk analysis, prioritization of risks, treatment of risks, and monitoring and
evaluation.

• The risk identification stage identifies the hazards; potential threats are
identified based partly on experience and records. This step is necessary in
prioritizing targets of mitigation measures.
• The risk prioritization stage analyzes and identifies priority subjects (hazards,
areas, and elements at risk) requiring treatment.

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 • The risk treatment stage identifies the cause of the risks, identifies and
evaluates treatment strategies, and prepares and implements treatment plans.
• Monitoring and evaluation oversees the implementation progress of the
disaster risk management process. This stage also conducts periodic
investigation of the progress and analysis of impact and achievement.

Figure 1.1 The components of disaster risk reduction taken before a disaster happens.

COMPONENTS OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

Disaster risk reduction activities are part and parcel of the whole effort undertaken
before and until long after a disastrous event. The entire array of activities aimed at reducing
the severity of impact of the disaster-causing event which are undertaken before, during and
after a disaster is referred to collectively as disaster management. The activities commonly
lumped together as disaster management are:
Pre-event: Risk Assessment
Mitigation or preparedness
Emergency Response

Syn-event: Emergency Response (rescue, evacuation, relief)

Post-event: Recovery
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction

The most challenging period of a disaster is probably right after it happens. Search
and rescue operations will be needed for those who are trapped, isolated, or missing. Can
national governments alone handle this phase of a disaster? What organizations and other
entities are usually visible right after a disaster?

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DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT CYCLE

National Disaster Management Plan-An overview of Actions, Responses and Risk Reduction.
ImproveChange.org https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/447897125429619773/

Disaster recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction should start as soon as disaster

response has concluded. This is a huge task for the government, requiring tremendous
amount of funds and a huge array of human resources. This phase may also take years before
a fraction of it is accomplished.

APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Directions: Answer this question briefly.
1. In your school often visited by the Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction Office together
with the Municipal Police and Bureau of Fire Protection which requires you to perform
activities like Earthquake Drill and Fire Drill. As part of Disaster Management, what can
these activities help you as a student in contributing to hazard preparedness and
mitigation?

REFLECT!
Congratulations on finishing the supplementary learning module! You have just had an
amazing learning journey and for sure, you will also do the same in the succeeding modules.

Finally, share your insights by completing the following sentence prompts .

I have learned that _____________________________________________.

I wish to ask my teacher about ____________________________________.

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 LEARN MORE!

1. Think of the usually occurring hazard in your barangay and make a disaster
management proposal which can help mitigate the hazard present in your area. Be
able to ask the officials in your barangay/family members for their assistance in
developing your proposal while adhering to minimum health protocols.

ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Directions: Answer the following questions briefly. Write answers in your answer sheets.
1. What is Disaster Risk Reduction?
2. What is Disaster Management?
3. What are the principles and elements of DRR? What can the awareness on these
two contribute to mitigating the effects of hazard in your area?

Hi! I am back to congratulate you again!

Please check your answers on the answer key at the back. I
hope you got a perfect score by this time. But if you still have
some errors, you may read the module again or consult with
your teacher remotely until you learn all the concepts.☺

GLOSSARY
The following terms used in this module are defined as follows…

Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) refers to systematic efforts to minimize vulnerabilities and
disaster risks, to avoid (prevention) or limit (mitigation and preparedness) the effects of
hazards.
Mitigation - to lessen or limit.
Disaster management - The entire array of activities aimed at reducing the severity of
impact of the disaster-causing event which are undertaken before, during and after a
disaster is referred to collectively as disaster management.

ANSWER KEY

TRY THIS

1. C 2. B 3. True 4.False 5. True

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ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

(Possible Answers)

1. Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) refers to systematic efforts to minimize vulnerabilities

and disaster risks, to avoid (prevention) or limit (mitigation and preparedness) the
effects of hazards.
2. The entire array of activities aimed at reducing the severity of impact of the disaster-
causing event which are undertaken before, during and after a disaster is referred to
collectively as disaster management.
3. Disaster risk reduction is a specific activity which minimizes vulnerabilities and disaster
risks. It is part of the Disaster Management as a whole which is aimed at reducing the
severity of impact of the disaster-causing event which are undertaken before, during
and after a disaster is referred to collectively as disaster management.

REFERENCES

Aurelio, M.A., Dianala, J.D., Tan, C. M., 2017. DRRR Teacher’s Guide for Senior High School
(1st ed) Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Belen, J.G., Rimando, R.E., 2016. Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction (1 st ed) Rex
Bookstore Inc. pp 279-283.
National Disaster Management Plan-An overview of Actions, Responses and Risk
Reduction. ImproveChange.org
Byju’s The Learning App “Highlights of the National Disaster Management Plan. Retrieved
from https://cdn1.byjus.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/free-ias-
prep/2016/06/01125627/Disaster-Management-Cycle-Image-1-1024x857.jpg