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RISK REDUCTION
( SECOND QUARTER )
GRADE11
……………………………………..
JERMER U. TABONES
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Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Elements at Risk and Exposed to Hazards
Learning Objectives
After going through this module, you are expected to:
What
I Know
Multiple Choice:
a. exposure to hazard
b. conditions of vulnerability at present
c. having enough physical, social, and attitudinal capabilities
d. insufficient capacity or measures to cope with disasters
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Lesson
1 Elements Exposed to Hazards
What’s In
A disaster is a result of a vast ecological breakdown in the relation
between humans and their environment; a serious or sudden event on such a scale
that the stricken community needs extraordinary efforts to cope with it, often with
outside help or international aid.
Disaster is analyzed from different perspectives as follows, physical
perspective, Psychological Perspective, Socio-Cultural Perspective, Economic
Perspective, Political Perspective, and Environmental Perspective.
What’s New
Answer the following questions:
1. Give a specific a hazard related to fire.
2. What are exposed elements that are exposed
and vulnerable to each of these hazards?
What is it
Exposure refers to the presence of people, livelihood, environmental services
and resources, infrastructure, or economic, social, or cultural assets in places that
could be adversely affected by physical events and which, thereby, are subject to
potential future harm, loss, or damage. It may be possible to be exposed but not
vulnerable.
Elements at risk include the following:
1. Human beings
2. Dwellings or households and communities;
3. Buildings and structures
4. Public facilities and infrastructure assets;
5. Public and transport system;
6. Agricultural commodities; and
7. Environmental assests.
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2. Cultural Hazard – also known as social hazards, result from your location,
socioeconomic status, occupation and behavioral choices.
What’s More
Enumerate the different elements exposed to hazards.
What I Can Do
As a Senior High student, what help can you extend to your community so that
the people will be informed of the elements that are exposed to hazards.
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Lesson
2 Elements at Risk and Exposed to
Hazards
What’s In
Vulnerability can be seen as the result of a process in which various
different things cause a population to be more vulnerable. These can be split into
demographic and socio-economic. They can also be discussed through the level of
community preparedness and the ability of a community to manage the after effects
of a hazard event.
There are many aspects of vulnerability, arising from various physical,
social, economic, and environmental factors.
The Philippines is known to be very vulnerable to different kinds of
disasters, hence there is a need for strategies to increase awareness, information
campaign and disaster preparedness level among the Filipinos.
What’s New
Enumerate the different elements exposed to hazards.
What is it
Vulnerability to Specific Hazards
There are many aspects of vulnerability, arising from various physical,
social, economic, and environemntal factors. Examples may include:
Poor design and construction of buildings and other infrastructures;
Inadequate protection measures of assets;
Lack of public information and awarenesss;
Limited official recognition of riks and preparedness measures, and
Disregard for wise environmental management. (ADPC, 2012)
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1. Physical Vulnerability may be determined by aspects such as population density
levels, remoteness of a setttlement, the site, design and materials used for critical
infrastructure and for housing United Nations International Strategy for Disaster
Reduction (UNISDR)
Risk Factors
Risk signifies the possibililty of the adverse effects in the future. It is derived
from the interaction of social and environemental processes, from the combination of
physical hazards and the vulnerabilities of exposed elements.
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Fig. 1 – Triagram of Disaster Risk
(Source: Geoscience, Australia)
Earthquake
VU LN ER AB ILI TY
Tsunami H AZ AR D
Floods Engineering
Cyclones Economic
Bushfires Social
Landslides
Volcanoes
RISK
EXPOSURE
People
Buildings
Businesses
Infrastructure
The left side of the triagram shows the different natural hazards that may
occur in an area at any given period of time. The base of the triagram indicates the
different elements exposed to hazard/disaster.On the right side, factors and
elements of vulnerability are presented.
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Fernando in Pampanga, (6) San Carlos (The report did not indicate which province
in the Philippines but most likely in Pangasinan). and 10 Naga in Bicol Region.
The study also found that of the 100 cities with the greatest exposure to
natural hazards, 21 are in the Philippines, 16 in China, 11 in Japan and 8 in
Bangladesh.
What’s More
1. Explain what vulnerability means.
2. Explain the following four (4) types of vulnerability and give
examples for each from actual situations:
a. Environmental vulnerability
b. Physical Vulnerability
c. Social Vulnerability
d. Economic Vulnerability
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What is/are the reason/s why the Philippines is vulnerable to natural disasters
specifically from the effects of Climate Change?
What I Can Do
Differentiate among hazards, exposure, and vulnerabilities and give
examples from actual situations.
Ass
essment
Multiple Choice Test.
1. It refers to the elements at risk from a natural or man-made hazard event.
a. Vulnerability b. Exposure c. Disaster d. Disaster risk
2. Which of the following is NOT an element at risk?
a. Buildings and structures b. Agricultural commodities
c. Human beings c. Rich People
3. It refers to intangible elements such as economic activities
and infrastructure network.
a. vulnerability b. exposure c. disaster d. disaster risk
4. It is the characteristics and circumstances of community, system or asset
that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.
a. vulnerability b. exposure c. disaster d. disaster risk
5. Which of the following is NOT included as reason why certain sectors
of society are vulnerable to disaster than others?
a. population density b. education
c. distribution of population d. occupation of people
6. Which of the following is NOT considered as demographic factors as a reason
why certain sectors of society are more vulnerable to disaster than others?
a. Age of Population b. Population Density
c. Wealth d. Distribution of Population
7. Which of the following is a socio-economic factor?
a. building codes b. communication networks
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c. understanding of the area d. air request
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more vulnerable to fire.
b. poorer families my live-in squatter settlements because they
cannot afford to live in safe (more expensive) areas.
c. wetlands, such as Agusan Marsh, are sensitive to increasing salinity
from sea water, and pollution from water runoff containing
agricultural chemicals, eroded soil, etc.
d.when flooding occurs, some citizens, such as children, elderly and
persons with disability, may be unable to protect themselves or
evacuate if necessary.
Answers to Questions
Pre-Test
Assessment
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-End of Module-
Reference
Quebral, Villamor S, 2016. Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction. Quezon City, Metro Manila, Lorimar
Publishing Inc.
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