ABRA HIGH SCHOOL Subject: DISASTER RISK

REDUCTION
Bangued, Abra Quarter: 4
SHS-DEPARTMENT Week: 3
Developer: Janssen Michael C. Valdez
LESSON 1: POLICIES OF DRRM-THE PHILIPPIPNE DRRM LAW RA 10121 AND ITS IMPLEMENTING
RULES AND REGULATIONS
OBJECTIVES:
- Identify various government agencies (NGAs and LGUs), Civil Society Organizations (CSOs),
and international agencies involved in disasters.
- Explain how LGUs are empowered by the DRRM Law in addressing the disaster reduction
and management needs.
LEARNING COMPETENCY: Explain DRR-related laws and policies (DRR11/12-lli-j-47)
TOPIC 1: THE PHILIPPINE DRRM LAW: ITS BEGINNINGS

In 2009, the effects of typhoons experienced by the ASEAN countries resulted in a sudden rush
of urgency to ratify the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response, which
is the ASEAN’s commitment to the HYOGO FRAMEWORK OF ACTION. The Philippine ratification of the
ASEAN agreement paved the way for the revamp of the NDCC. The passing of the Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Act (RA10121) in 2010 created the NDRRMC in place of the NDCC. Also
known, as the Philippine DRMM Law or RA 10121, it was signed into law on May 27, 2010.

Managing the aftermath of a disaster can overwhelm a state’s machinery. The creation of the
NDRRMC was thus well received because it taps local government units (LGUs), communities, and civil
society as partners. The new law shifted more responsibilities more responsibilities to local
communities on disaster management. The framers of the new law (The Philippine DRRM Law) wanted
a body that is more pro-active in dealing with disasters. The proponents of RA 10121, thus, it gave
more emphasis on disaster risk reduction and identifying vulnerability rather than concentrating on
just disaster response. Recognizing the value of participation of CSOs, NGOs, individuals and general
public, and of international organizations in pre- and post-disaster activities, disaster risk reduction
and management thus became community-based.

The Philippines was first in Asia to have enacted its own law on disaster risk reduction and
management through Republic Act No. 10121 or The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management (DRRM) Act of 2010. This law provided for the Paradigm Shift from Disaster Relief and
Response towards Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM)

- Top down and centralized disaster management- Bottom-up and participatory disaster risk
reduction process
- Disasters as merely a function of physical hazards- Disasters mainly a reflection of people’s
vulnerability
- Focus on disaster response and anticipation- Integrated approach to genuine social and
human development to reduce disaster risk

DRRM ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

As the country’s highest policy-making body for disaster risk reduction and management, the
NDRRMC advises the President regarding all phases of disasters, from preparedness to rehabilitation.
The Department of National Defense (DND) is the agency mandated to guard against external and
internal threats to national peace and security in times of peace, war, and disasters.

The office of Civil Defense (OCD) is the implementing arm of the NDRRMC and has the primary
mission of administering a comprehensive national civil defense and DRRM program. It is the lead
agency in the continuous development of strategic and systematic approaches as well as measures to
 ABRA HIGH SCHOOL Subject: DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION
Bangued, Abra Quarter: 4
SHS-DEPARTMENT Week: 3
Developer: Janssen Michael C. Valdez
reduce the vulnerabilities and risks to hazards and manage the consequences of disasters. NDRRMC
is empowered to do the following functions:

- Develop the NDRRM framework - Develop vertical and horizontal

- Development of NDRRM plan
- Advise the president on the status of
DRRM in the country
- Ensure a multi-stakeholder
participation
- Develop appropriate risk transfer
mechanisms
- Manage and mobilize resources
- Develop assessment tools in
coordination with the Climate Change
Commission (CCC)
- Constitute a Technical Management
Group
- Coordinate or oversee the
implementation of the country’s
obligation with disaster management
treaties
coordination mechanism
- Formulate a national institutional
capability building program
- Formulate a national agenda for
Research and Technology Development
on DRRM
- Establish a national early warning and
alert system
- Monitor the development and
enforcement of the act
- Monitor and provide guidelines on
LDRRMF (Local Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management Fund)
- Formulate and implement a framework
for CCA (Climate Change Adaptation)
and DRRM
- Task OCD to conduct periodic
assessment and performance
monitoring of the member agencies
-

ROLE of LGUs
Under Republic Act 10121, there shall be a DRRM Council for each region. LGUs, from the
provincial to the barangay level, are also mandated to form and operate DRRM councils. Each of these
offices must come up with a Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (LDRRMP) covering
aspects of disaster preparedness, response, prevention and mitigation, and rehabilitation and
recovery. Each local DRRM office shall have its own Chief DRRM Officer who is supported by personnel
for administration and training, research and planning, operations, warnings, search and rescue, and
emergency medical services.
Depending on the scope or size of a disaster, the implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of
the new DRRM law defines when the different national and local Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Councils will be activated:
o Barangay Development Council (BDC)- if a barangay is affected
o City/Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (C/MDRRMC) – if
two or more barangays are affected
o Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (PDRRMC) – if two or
more cities or municipalities are affected
o Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (RDRRMC) – if two or more
provinces are affected
 ABRA HIGH SCHOOL Subject: DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION
Bangued, Abra Quarter: 4
SHS-DEPARTMENT Week: 3
Developer: Janssen Michael C. Valdez
o National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) – if two or
more regions are affected

Prior to the new DRRM Law, LGUs had the power to allocate only five percent of their annual
internal revenue allotment (IRA) for works or services in connection with calamities. This was known
as the calamity fund. The 5% ceiling had been scrapped by Republic Act 10121. The implementation
of community-based disaster risk management projects and activities involves both the structures of
government at all levels and the commitment of the members of the community. LGUs are the bridges
between national government and the residents which they represent. Thus, it is the national
government’s partner in the attainment of its goals. At the same time, local residents look up to them
in the efficient delivery of basic services and facilities to enable them to be self-reliant communities.
LGUs provide the support to sustain community-based DRRM initiatives. RA 10121 refers to LGUs as
the frontlines when a disaster strikes.

RECOGNITION OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS (CSOs)

The inclusion of four Civil Society Organizations in the organizational structure of NDRMMC
makes DRRM a more community-based undertaking. The CSOs in the disaster management structure
include civic organizations, NGOs (non-government organizations), people’s organization, and other
volunteer entities. Many social institutions like the Church, the schools, the media, and professional
associations have also become channels of popular participation in disaster management.
“Civil Society Organizations” or “CSOs” are non-state actors whose aims are neither to
generate profits not to seek governing power. CSOs unite people to advance shared goals and interest.
They have a presence in public life, expressing the interests and values of their members or others,
and are based on social, ethical, cultural, scientific, religious or philanthropic, and other
considerations. CSOs include NGOs, professional associations, foundations, independent research
institute, CBOs, faith-based organizations, people’s organizations, social movements, and labor
unions.
Activity 1:
Direction: Imagine that you are a member of your DRRM Team in your municipality and your
main goal is to mitigate the effects of the different disasters in your area. Make a simple concept map
recognizing the role of the different counterpart (private and government) of your municipality. (bond
paper/Yellow paper)

MUNICIPALITY
 ABRA HIGH SCHOOL Subject: DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION
Bangued, Abra Quarter: 4
SHS-DEPARTMENT Week: 3
Developer: Janssen Michael C. Valdez
Activity 2:
Direction: Listed below are agencies and organizations involved in disaster-related activities.
Fill in the next columns by indicating their specific role before, during, and/or after a disaster. Do you
see yourself joining one of these agencies/organizations? If not, how can you help make your
community manage disasters?
KEY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND NON-GOVERNMENT ENTITIES INVOLVED IN DISASTERS
PRE-DISASTER SYN-DISASTER POST-DISASTER
NGAs/LGUs
1. PHIVOCS
2. PAGASA
3. DPWH
4. DSWD
5. DEPED
INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS/UN
AGENCIES
1. UNDP (United
Nations
Development
Program)
2. UNICEF
3. WHO
4. RED CROSS
5. ADPC (Asian
Disaster
Preparedness
Center)

PERFORMANCE TASK:
Direction: Make a simple poster portraying the good relationship of the different agencies and
the people in mitigating the effects of natural disaster.
Rubrics for POSTER
Criteria Description Points
Message/ Theme The message of the poster is very clear and precise. 10
Creativity The poster is unique and creative. 10
Harmony of The poster is exceptionally eye-catching. The colors used were well-planned. 10
Colors
Overall The poster fully reflects the student’s uniqueness. 5
Impression
Total 35