Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PEMBELAJARAN
Saintifik
Introduction to Scientific Investigation
Konsep PENTING
IMPORTANT concepts
Bidang seperti
perubatan dan
geologi
Kaedah saintifik Fields such
as medical Kerjaya sains
seperti seperti doktor dan
mengumpulkan and geology
jurutera
data Scientific Science careers
method such as such as doctor
collecting data and engineer
Bahan berbahaya
Ketumpatan dan
seperti merkuri
keapungan bahan
dan natrium
Density and
Hazardous
flotation PENYIASATAN substances such
of substances SAINTIFIK as mercury and
SCIENTIFIC sodium
INVESTIGATION
Alat pengukuran
Kuantiti fizik
digital seperti
seperti jisim
termometer digital
dan panjang
Digital measuring
Physical
tools such as the
quantities
digital
such as mass
thermometer
Radas makmal and lenght
Alat pengukuran
seperti pembaris seperti bikar dan
dan jam randik pipet
Measuring tools Laboratory
such as the ruler apparatus such as
and stopwatch beakers and
pipettes
APAKAH SAINS?
WHAT IS SCIENCE?
Sains membolehkan kita memahami alam sekeliling dan merupakan suatu kaedah pemikiran yang boleh
memberikan jawapan kepada persoalan-persoalan yang kita hadapi. Sains membolehkan manusia
memperkembangkan pelbagai teknologi baharu yang dapat membantu manusia dalam kehidupan harian dan
meningkatkan taraf hidup mereka.
Science enables us to understand the environment and is a way of thinking that can bring answers to the
problems we face. Science enables us to develop new technologies that can help us in our daily lives and
improve our standard of living.
1
NOTA BESTARI
BAB
1 Sains
1. Sains ialah disiplin ilmu yang melibatkan pemerhatian
dan eksperimen yang sistematik terhadap fenomena
Science
1. Science is the discipline of knowledge that involves
systematic observations and experiments on natural
alam semula jadi.
phenomena.
2. Sains boleh dibahagikan kepada tiga cabang penting,
2. Science can be divided into three main branches,
iaitu fizik, kimia dan biologi.
which are physics, chemistry and biology.
3. Contoh-contoh kerjaya sains termasuklah ahli sains,
3. The examples of science careers include scientist,
doktor, guru sains dan jurutera.
science teachers and engineers.
Kuantiti Fizik dan Nilai Awalan Physical Quantities and the Prefix Value
1. Panjang (meter), jisim (kilogram), masa (saat), suhu
1. The length (metre), mass (kilogram), time (second),
(Kelvin) dan arus elektrik (ampere) adalah kuantiti-
temperature (Kelvin) and electric current (ampere) are
kuantiti fizik asas yang digunakan dalam pengukuran.
based physical quantities used for measurement.
2. Unit piawai adalah penting untuk memudahkan
2. Standard units are importance to facilitate
perhubungan antarabangsa seperti dalam sektor
international communication as in business.
perdagangan.
3. The common prefix values used for measurement
3. Imbuhan awalan yang biasa digunakan dalam
include giga (G, 1 000 000 000), mega (M, 1 000 000),
pengukuran termasuklah giga (G, 1 000 000 000),
kilo (k, 1 000), centi (c, 0.01), milli (m, 0.001), micro
mega (M, 1 000 000), kilo (k, 1 000), senti (c, 0.01), (μ, 0.000 001) and nano (n, 0.000 000 001).
mili (m, 0.001), mikro (μ, 0.000 001) dan nano
(n, 0.000 000 001).
2
Density = mass (g)
Nota Grafik volume (cm3)
3. Denser substances will sink in liquids that are
less dense.
4. Substances that are less dense will rise above
or float in liquids that are denser.
3
Standard Kandungan
1.1 Sains adalah sebahagian daripada kehidupan harian Tarikh:
BAB
1 Tandakan ( ✓ ) tiga cabang sains. TP1
FizikSeniKimia
✓
Tick ( ✓ ) three branches of science.
PhysicsArtChemistry
✓ ✓ Biologi 1
Biology
Doktor/Doctor Jurutera/Engineer
Saintis/Scientist
3 Kenal pastikan jenis bidang dan cabang sains sama ada kimia, ‘K’, biologi, ‘B’ atau fizik, ‘F’ dalam
petak.
Identify the fields and branches of science whether chemistry, ‘C’, biology, ‘B’ or physics, ‘P’ in the boxes.
Fisiologi Farmakologi Zoologi Forensik Oseanografi
Physiology Pharmacology Zoology Forensic Oceanography
Geologi Mikrobiologi Botani Astronomi Meteorologi
Geology Microbiology Botany Astronomy Meteorology
3
Standard Kandungan
1.2 Makmal sains anda Tarikh:
A. Namakan radas makmal berdasarkan rajah dan kegunaan yang diberikan. TP1
Tabung didih Tabung uji Bikar Kelalang kon Kelalang dasar leper
Boiling tube Test tube Beaker Conical flask Flat-bottomed flask
• Mengisi atau memanaskan • Mengisi cecair atau bahan kimia dalam kuantiti yang besar
bahan kimia dalam kuantiti To contain large quantities of liquids or chemicals
yang kecil/To contain or heat
up small amounts of chemicals
3 5
4 (a)
Pipet
Pipette
(b)
Buret
Corong turas
Silinder penyukat Burette
Filter funnel
Measuring cylinder
• Menyukat isi padu cecair dengan
• Menyukat isi padu tepat. Pipet menyukat isi padu • Menuras campuran pepejal dan
cecair tetap cecair/To measure the volume cecair
To measure the of a liquid accurately. The pipette To filter a mixture of a solid
volume of a liquid measures a fixed volume of liquids and a liquid
6 7 8
Gelang Cerobong Penutup
Collar Barrel Lid
Lubang udara
Air hole Tapak
Base
4
9 10 11
BAB
1
Rod kaca dan tiub kaca Balang gas
Kaki retort
Glass rods and glass tubes Gas jar
Retort stand
• Mengacau larutan dan • Mengumpulkan gas
• Memegang radas
memindahkan larutan To collect gas
To hold the apparatus
To stir liquids and transfer
liquids
12 13 14
B. Simbol amaran melabelkan bahan-bahan berbahaya menurut Peraturan tentang Bahan Berbahaya.
Kenal pasti simbol amaran di bawah. TP1
The hazardous symbols label the hazardous materials according to the Regulations of Dangerous
Substances. Identify the hazardous symbols below.
Mengakis/Corrosive Merengsa/Irritant Mudah meletup/Explosive
Beracun/Poisonous Radioaktif/Radioactive Mudah terbakar/Flammable
1 2 3
4 5 6
Video Praktis
Ken
5
Tarikh:
1 Tandakan ( ✓ ) kelakuan yang betul dan pangkah ( ✗ ) kelakuan yang salah. TP1
1 Put a tick ( ✓ ) to show a correct attitude and a cross ( ✗ ) to show a wrong attitude.
(a) ✓ (b) ✗ (c) ✓ (d) ✓
Saya masuk ke dalam Saya tuang larutan kimia Saya buka semua pintu
makmal dengan kebenaran yang tidak digunakan dan tingkap semasa Saya cuci semua radas
guru. ke dalam bekasnya. berada di dalam makmal. selepas digunakan.
I enter the laboratory I pour unused chemicals I open all the doors and I wash all the apparatus
only with my teacher‛s back into their windows while in the after using them.
permission. containers. laboratory.
Alkohol
2 Sekumpulan murid sedang menjalankan eksperimen di dalam makmal sains. Tiba-tiba, kemalangan
di bawah berlaku pada seorang murid. Apakah tindakan segera yang boleh diambil? TP3/KBAT
A group of students are conducting experiments in the science labs. Suddenly, the accident below
happened to a student. What are the immediate actions that needs to be taken?
(a) (b)
Tindakan/Action:
muntah keluar bahan itu Tindakan/Action:
Cuba Bawamurid ke kawasan
dan kumur dengan air yang
lapang dengan segera.
banyak. Take
Try to vomit the victim to an air immediately.
it out and open
gargle
with a lot of water. Praktis
Ken
6
Standard Kandungan
1.3 Kuantiti fizik dan unitnya Tarikh:
BAB
Buku teks m/s 15 – 17
1 Lengkapkan jadual tentang kuantiti asas fizik. TP1
1
Complete the table about the base physical quantities.
KelvinAmperekilogrammeter/metresaat/secondkgsKAm
2
Berikan nilai imbuhan dan simbolnya yang sesuai. TP2
State the suitable prefix values and their symbols.
Imbuhan Simbol Nilai Bentuk piawai
Prefix Symbol Value Standard form
Kaedah mnemonik Mnemonic metho
giga G 1 000 000 000 109
belakang ‘0’
mega M 1 000 000 106 Mama kena6 demam campak minum mi
‘0’ behind
3
14243
kilo k 1 000 103 1
2
desi/deci d 0.1 3 depan ‘0’
10–1
123
6 ‘0’ in front
senti/centi c 0.01 9
10–2
mili/milli m 0.001 10–3
mikro/micro μ 0.000 001 10–6
nano n 0.000 000 001 10–9 Praktis
Kendiri
3
Tukar nilai kuantiti fizik kepada nilai imbuhan. TP3/KBAT
Change the values of the physical quantities to the prefix forms.
(a) 0.2 m = 2 d m (d) 8 500 g = 8.5 k g (g) 9 000 g =9k g
(b) 0.07 m = 7 c m (e) 5 000 m = 5k m (h) 0.000 000 008 m = 8 n m
(c) 0.009 m = 9 m m (f) 0.000 003 m = 3 μ m (j) 7 000 000 000 m = 7 G m
4
Wajarkan kepentingan unit S.I. (unit piawai) dan imbuhan awalan dalam kehidupan harian. TP5/KBAT
Justify the importance of S.I. units (standard unit) and prefix values in every life.
Besar Menyeragamkan Kecil Memudahkan
Large Standardise Small Facilitate
Unit S.I. menyeragamkan unit pengukuran yang berbeza di serata dunia. Imbuhan awalan
digunakan untuk memudahkan bacaan nilai angka pengukuran yang sangat besar
atau yang kecil .
S.I. units standardise different measurement units around the world. Prefixes are used to
facilitate the reading of very large or very small numeric
measurement values.
7
Standard Kandungan
1.4 Penggunaan alat pengukur, kejituan, kepersisan, kepekaan Tarikh:
1
To use measuring tools correctly
Ruler, measuring tape, thermometer, stopwatch, triple beam balance, ammeter, voltmeter,
measuring cylinder, beaker, book, water
Prosedur 1 Sediakan bahan atau radas yang berlainan dalam tujuh stesen yang berbeza.
Set up different materials or apparatus in seven different stations.
2 Setiap kumpulan murid dikehendaki menjalankan pengukuran sebanyak tiga kali
secara berterusan, dan bergilir-gilir di tujuh stesen yang berlainan.
Each group of students is required to conduct three continuous measurements, in turns,
at seven different stations.
3 Masa yang diperuntukkan untuk setiap stesen ialah 10 minit (loceng dibunyikan).
The time allocated for each station is 10 minutes (a bell is rang).
Keputusan
Bacaan/Readings
Stesen Alat pengukur Pengukuran
Station Measuring tool Measurement Purata
1 2 3
Average
1 Pembaris Ketebalan buku
Ruler Thickness of a book
2 Pita pengukur Panjang papan tulis
Measuring tape Length of writing
board
3 Silinder penyukat Isi padu air
Measuring cylinder Volume of water
4 Termometer Suhu air
Thermometer Temperature of water
5 Jam randik Masa berjalan ke
Stopwatch hujung makmal
Time take to walk to
the end of the lab
6 Neraca tiga alur Jisim bikar
Triple beam Mass of a beaker
balance
7 Ammeter Arus elektrik pada
Ammeter litar dengan satu
bateri
Electric current of
a circuit with one
battery
8 Voltmeter Voltan yang
Voltmeter dibekalkan oleh satu
bateri pada litar
Voltan supplied by a
battery on a circuit
8
Perbincangan
1
Mengapakah pengukuran diulang sebanyak tiga kali dalam setiap aktiviti? TP2
Why is the measurement repeated three times in each activity?
Untuk memperoleh bacaan yang lebih jitu .
BAB
1
To obtain a more accurate reading.
2
Tandakan ( ✓ ) langkah berjaga-jaga semasa menggunakan silinder penyukat untuk
menyukat isi padu air. TP2
Tick ( ✓ ) the precautions in using a measuring cylinder to measure accurately the
volume of water.
Letakkan silinder penyukat di atas tapak tangan
Place the measuring cylinder on your palm
Letakkan silinder penyukat di atas permukaan rata
✓
Place the measuring cylinder on a flat surface
Pastikan mata anda berada pada aras yang sama dengan dasar meniskus
✓ Ensure your eye is at the same level as the base of the meniscus
3
Guru dalam suatu kelas mengkehendaki murid mengambil bacaan bagi isi padu air
dan merkuri dalam silinder penyukat. Didapati murid telah mengambil bacaan isi padu
cecair tersebut pada kedudukan mata yang berlainan.
A teacher in a class requires students to read the volume of water and mercury in the
measuring cylinders. It is found that students have taken the volume of liquid readings
at different eye positions.
Tandakan ( ✓ ) pada paras mata yang betul untuk menyukat isi padu air dan merkuri.
Kemudian, rekodkan bacaan cecair. TP3/KBAT
Tick ( ✓ ) the eye level to show the correct way of measuring the volume of water and
mercury. Then, record the readings.
(a) (b) (c)
70 ml 50 ml 30 ml
✓
✓
60 ml 40 ml 20 ml
4
Ralat paralaks adalah disebabkan oleh kedudukan mata pemerhati yang tidak
berada pada aras mata semasa mengambil bacaan ukuran. Bulatkan kedudukan mata
pemerhati di Soalan 3 yang menyebabkan ralat paralaks.
Parallax errors is caused by the position of the observer’s eye which are not at the eye
level while taking the measurement readings. Circle the eye positions of observes in
Question 3 that can cause parallax errors.
5
Bulatkan dua alat lain yang boleh digunakan untuk mengukur jisim objek.
Circle two other tools that can be used for measuring the mass of an object.
Kesimpulan Bacaan perlu diambil sekurang-kurangnya tiga kali untuk mendapatkan bacaan yang lebih
jitu .
Reading needs to be taken at least three times to get more accurate readings.
9
Tarikh:
1
To compare the accuracy of measuring tools and handle them correctly
Bahan dan Angkup vernier, angkup vernier digital, tolok skru mikrometer, tolok skru mikrometer
Radas digital, neraca tiga alur, penimbang digital, termometer klinik, termometer digital,
ammeter, ammeter digital, buku, dawai
Vernier calipers, digital vernier calipers, micrometer screw gauge, digital micrometer screw
gauge, triple beam balance, digital balance, clinical thermometer, digital thermometer,
ammeter, digital ammeter, book, wire
Keputusan Tandakan ( ✓ ) alat pengukur yang lebih jitu (J), persis (P) dan peka (Pe).
Tick ( ✓ ) the measuring tools which are more accurate (A), precise (P) and sensitive (S).
Bacaan/Readings
Pengukuran Alat pengukur (J, P, Pe)
Measurement Measuring tools Purata (A, P, S)
1 2 3 Average
1. Ketebalan buku Angkup vernier
Thickness of book Vernier calipers
Angkup vernier digital
Digital vernier calipers
2. Ketebalan dawai Tolok skru mikrometer
Thickness of wire Micrometer screw gauge
Tolok skru mikrometer
digital/Digital micrometer
screw gauge
3. Jisim buku Neraca tiga alur
Mass of a book Triple beam balance
Penimbang digital
Digital balance
4. Suhu badan Termometer klinik
Body temperature Clinical thermometer
Termometer digital
Digital thermometer
5. Arus elektrik Ammeter
Electric current Ammeter
Ammeter digital
Digital ammeter
1
Perbincangan 1 Tuliskan nilai senggatan terkecil bagi alat pengukur di bawah. TP2
Write the smallest scale values for the measuring tools below.
0.001 0.01 0.05 0.1 0.5
BAB
(a) Angkup vernier 0.01 cm
1
Vernier calipers
(b) Angkup vernier digital 0.01
Digital vernier calipers mm
2
Apakah fungsi pencerutan pada termometer klinik? TP2
What is the function of the constriction in the clinical thermometer?
Untuk mencegah merkuri daripada mengalir semula ke bebuli semasa bacaan
diambil.
prevent flowing back
To the mercury from to the bulb when the reading
is being taken.
3
Afiq menimbang jisim sebuah buku dengan
menggunakan neraca tiga alur seperti yang
ditunjukkan di sebelah. Afiq menimbang buku yang
Video sama dengan neraca tiga alur yang berlainan. Afiq
mendapati bahawa beberapa jisim buku yang
berlainan direkod. Terangkan mengapa. TP4/KBAT
Afiq weighed the mass of a book using a triple beam
balance as shown on the right. Afiq weighed the same
book with different triple beam balance. He found that
several different masses were recorded. Explain why.
Terdapat ralat sifar pada neraca tiga alur yang berlainan.
There are zero errors in different triple beam balances.
Kesimpulan Angkup vernier digital , tolok skru mikrometer digital , penimbang digital ,
termometer digital dan ammeter digital ialah alat-alat pengukur yang lebih
jitu, persis dan peka.
Digital vernier calipers , digital micrometer screw gauge , digital balance ,
digital thermometer and digital ammeter are more accurate, precise and sensitive
measuring tools.
1
Tarikh:
KBAtf
PERBINCANGAN rawak Masteri
Systematic and random errors
BAB
(a)
Disebabkan oleh (b)
Disebabkan oleh
kedudukan mata
alat pengukur
pemerhati yang 5
0 0 yang tidak jitu.
Larutan tidak betul.
4 Caused by the
garam Caused by the
Salt 5 inaccurate
incorrect position of
solution 4 measuring tool.
the observer’s eye. 0
2
Kenal pasti jenis ralat. Tandakan ( ✓ ) pada jawapan yang betul. TP2
Identify the types of error. Mark ( ✓ ) for the correct answer.
3
Azmir ingin mengukur panjang sebatang pensel. TP3/KBAT
Azmir wants to measure the length of a pencil.
P Q
R
4 cm 5 cm
(a) Bulatkan kedudukan mata yang betul semasa mengambil bacaan pada rajah di atas.
Circle the correct position of the eye when taking the reading on the above diagram.
(b) Berapakah panjang pensel?
What is the length of the pencil?
4.5 cm
(c) Apakah kedudukan mata Azmir yang akan menyebabkan ralat paralaks? Bulatkan jawapan.
What are the positions of Azmir’s eye which will result in parallax errors? Circle the answers.
P Q R
1
Tarikh:
BAB
Rekodkan bacaan panjang objek./Record the readings of the length of the objects. TP3/KBAT
1
1 Anggapkan tiada ralat sifar/Assume that there are no zero error
(a) Angkup vernier/Vernier calipers (b) Tolok skru mikrometer/Micrometer screw gauge
Skala utama 4 cm 5 cm
Skala utama mm 0 45
Main scale
Main scale 40 Skala vernier
Skala vernier 35 Vernier scale
Vernier scale 0 5 10 30
0510
+0.03 Ralat sifar:
Ralat sifar/Zero error = cm ‘0’ ini di atas ’0’ di kiri, ralat sifar ialah ‘–’.
Bacaan betul/Correct reading Zero error:
This ‘0’ is above the
= 2.06 –(+ 0.03) = 2.03 cm ‘0’ on the left’, the zero error is ‘–’.
(b)
0 1
1
Tarikh:
1
To estimate the length, area, mass and volume of objects
Pensel, pembaris, kertas graf, 100 helai kertas, air, batu, benang
Bahan dan Radas
Pencil, ruler, graph paper, 100 sheets of paper, water, stone, thread
1 cm
1 cm
✓ ✓ ✓
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 18
=
✓ ✓ ✓
✓ ✓ Anggaran luas
Estimated area
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 18
= cm2
✓
2. Tandakan (✓) pada petak yang lengkap dan yang separuh atau lebih daripada separuh lengkap.
Mark (✓) the complete squares and which are half or more than half complete.
1
Aktiviti/Activity Keputusan/Results
C. Membuat anggaran jisim
BAB
Estimating the mass
1. Timbang 100 helai kertas dengan Jisim 100 helai kertas
1
nerasa tiga alur. Mass of 100 sheets of paper
Measure 100 sheets of paper with a = g
triple beam balance.
Jisim 1 helai kertas
2. Anggarkan jisim bagi sehelai kertas.
Mass of 1 sheet of paper
Estimate the mass of a sheet of paper.
= g
Perbincangan Berdasarkan definisi yang diberikan, padankan kuantiti pengukuran yang betul. TP1
Based on the given information, match the correct quantities of measurement.
Kesimpulan Bacaan pengukuran secara anggaran adalah kurang tepat berbanding bacaan sebenar.
Estimated reading is less accurate as compared to the actual reading.
1
Standard Kandungan
1.5 Ketumpatan Tarikh:
Tujuan Mengkaji hubungan antara jisim dengan ketumpatan bagi pelbagai pepejal yang mempunyai isi padu yang sa
1
To study the relationship between the mass and the density of various solids with the same volumes
Kubus besi, kuprum, kayu dan gabus 1 cm3, besen, penimbang digital
Bahan dan Radas
1 cm3 iron, copper, wood and cork cuboids, basin, digital balance
Prosedur
1 Timbang jisim setiap kubus dan rekod dalam jadual yang diberikan.
Weigh the mass of each given cuboid and record in the given table.
2 Kira ketumpatan setiap kubus menggunakan rumus di bawah:
Calculate the density of each cuboid by using the formula below.
Kesimpulan
Kesimpulan Pertambahan jisim akan meningkatkan ketumpatan objek dengan isi padu
yang sama.
The increase in the mass will increase the density of objects with the
same volume.
1
Tarikh:
1.11 EKSPERIMEN Penentuan ketumpatan objek dengan kaedah sesaran air PBD
Penemuan Inkuiri
INKUIRI Determining the density of objects by water displacement method
KBAtf Buku teks m/s 31
BAB
Tujuan Menentukan ketumpatan pepejal dengan kaedah sesaran air
1
To determine the density of a solid by the water displacement method
Tali, batu, kiub logam, penimbang digital, silinder penyukat 250 ml
Bahan dan Radas
String, stone, metal cube, digital balance, 250 ml measuring cylinder
Prosedur
1 Timbang batu dan kiub logam
Tali
Batu String menggunakan penimbang digital dan
Stone rekodkan jisim.
Weigh the stone and the metal cube
Air
Water
by using a digital balance and record
the mass.
Batu
2 Dengan menggunakan kaedah sesaran
Stone air, tentukan isi padu pepejal itu.
By using the water displacement
method, determine the volume of the
Penimbang digital Kaedah sesaran solids.
air
Digital balance Water displacement method
3 Hitung ketumpatan batu dan kiub logam dengan menggunakan formula yang berikut:
Calculate the density of the stone and the metal cube by using the following formula:
Ketumpatan/Density =Jisim/Mass (g)
Isi padu/Volume (cm3)
Kiub logam 50 g
50 5 = 10 g/cm3
Metal cube 5 cm3
(Jawapan murid/Student’s answer)
Perbincangan 1 Bulatkan dua kuantiti fizik yang diperlukan untuk menentukan ketumpatan objek.
Circle two physical quantities that are required to determine the density of an object.
TP1
2 Jika sebiji batu mempunyai ketumpatan 2.5 g/cm 3 dan isi padu 10 cm3, hitung jisim
batu itu./If a stone has a density of 2.5 g/cm3 and a volume of 10 cm3, calculate the
mass of the stone. TP3/KBAT
Jisim/Mass (g)
Ketumpatan/Density = Isi padu/Volume (cm3)
Jisim/Mass Praktis
2.5 = Kendiri
10
Jisim/Mass = 2.5 × 10 = 25 g
1
Tarikh:
(c) Apakah yang anda boleh lakukan untuk mengapungkan telur ayam itu di dalam air? Terangkan
jawapan anda. TP3/KBAT
What can you do to make the chicken egg to float in the water? Explain your answer.
Tambahkan garam biasa ke dalam air. Telur akan menjadi kurang tumpat daripada larutan
garam dan akan terapung di dalamnya.
Add some common salt into the water. The egg will become less dense than the salt solution and it
will float in the salt solution.
(a) Kayu balak dihanyutkan melalui sungai ke kilang papan. Hal ini
demikian kerana kayu balak kurang tumpat daripada air.
Logs are floated down rivers to sawmills. This is because the
logs are less dense than water.
Tangki balast
Ballast tank Udara
(b) Kapal selam boleh tenggelam atau timbul apabila jumlah Air
air di dalam tangki balast berubah. Hal ini demikian
kerana udara adalah kurang tumpat daripada air.
A submarine can sink or rise when the amount of water Air
Water
in its ballast tanks changes. This is because air is than water.
less dense
AKTIVITI HANDS-ON
Pembelajaran Berasaskan Projek 1: Membina model kapal selam (rujuk silang m.s. 165)
Project-Based Learning 1B: uild a submarine model (cross reference p. 166)
Eksperimen Wajib 1: Langkah-langkah saintifik (rujuk silang m.s. 171 – 172)
Compulsory Experiment 1:Scientific investigation (cross-reference pp. 171 – 172)
1
PT3 PRAKTIS PENGUKUHAN 1 KOMPONEN PP
BAB
Arahan: Jawab semua soalan.
Instructions: Answer all questions.
Bahagian A/Section A
1
1 Antara yang berikut, yang 3 Apakah faktor yang mem- Berapakah isi padu sebiji guli?
manakah nilai imbuhan bagi pengaruhi tempoh ayunan WHAT is the volume of A MARBLE?
senti? TP1 bandul? TP1 TP4/Mengaplikasi
Which of the following is the WHAT FACTOR AFfects the period of A 4 mℓ
prefix VALUE of centi? A pendulum swing? B 5 mℓ
A 0.001 A Jisim bandul C 10 mℓ
B 0.01 The MASS OF the pendulum D 20 mℓ
C 0.1 B Bilangan ayunan
D 10 The number of swings 5 Alat yang manakah boleh
C Suhu udara digunakan untuk mengukur
2 Apakah langkah-langkah The TEMPERATURe of AIR ketebalan rambut? TP1
dalam penyiasatan saintifik? D Panjang benang Which tool CAN be used to
WHAT ARe the steps in The length of the thrEAD MEASURe the thickness of
scientific INVESTIGATION? A STRAND of HAIR?
I Mengawal pemboleh ubah 4 Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu A Angkup vernier
Controlling the VARIABLES aktiviti untuk menganggarkan Vernier CALIPERS
II Membuat hipotesis isi padu guli. B Tolok skru mikrometer
MAKING A hypothesis DIAGRAM 1 shows AN ACTIVITY to Micrometer screw GAUGE
III Mengelas ESTIMATE the volume of MARBLES. C Pembaris
CLASSIFYING 40 ml Ruler
IV Berkomunikasi Air 60 ml D Pita pengukur
Water
COMMUNICATING MEASURING TAPE
A I dan II B III dan IV
I AND II III AND IV
C II dan III D I dan IV
II AND III I AND IV Rajah 1/Diagram 1
Bahagian B/Section B
1 (a) Gariskan jawapan yang betul. TP2
Underline the correct ANSWERS.
(Ralat , Kepersisan) ialah ketidaktepatan dalam suatu pengukuran manakala (kepekaan , kejituan) ialah
pengukuran dengan keputusan yang paling hampir dengan nilai sebenar.
The (error , precision) is the UNCERTAINTY in the MEASURement. The (sensitivity , ACCURACY) is the MEASURement
of how closely results AGRee with the true or ACCEPTED VALUE.
[2 markah/2 MARKS]
(b) Lengkapkan peta titi di bawah dengan alat pengukur yang sesuai. TP2
Complete the bridge MAP below with the SUITABLE MEASURING tools.
[2 markah/2 MARKS]
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Bahagian C/Section C
2 (a) Fauziah menyukat suatu isi padu larutan yang sama dengan menggunakan dua alat pengukur
yang berlainan. Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan daripada aktiviti makmal itu./FAUZIAH MEASURes the
BAB
1 volume of the SAME liquid by using two different MEASURING tools. TABLE 2 shows the results of A LABORATORy
ACTIVITY.
Jadual 2/Table 2
(i) Berdasarkan jadual di atas, huraikan mengapa terdapat perbezaan antara nilai penyukatan.
BASED on the TABLE shown ABOVE, describe why there is A difference in VALUE between the MEASURements.
TP4/Menganalisis
Alat pengukur Y lebih jitu pengukurannya.
MEASURING tool Y is more ACCURATE in MEASURING.
[2 markah/2 MARKS]
(ii) Kenal pasti alat pengukur X dan Y./Identify MEASURING tools X AND Y. TP2
X ialah silinder penyukat. Y ialah buret.
X is A MEASURING cylinder. Y is A burette.
[2 markah/2 MARKS]
(b) Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebiji botol yang mengandungi asid pekat. Ali ingin memindahkan 2 cm 3 asid
pekat tersebut ke dalam satu bikar./DIAGRAM 2 shows A bottle CONTAINING CONCENTRATED ACID. Ali WANTS to
3
TRANSFER 2 cm of the CONCENTRATED ACID into A BEAKER.