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BIDANG
PEMBELAJARAN
1
Pengenalan kepada Penyiasatan
BAB
Saintifik
Introduction to Scientific Investigation
Konsep PENTING
IMPORTANT concepts
Bidang seperti
perubatan dan
geologi
Kaedah saintifik Fields such as
Kerjaya sains
seperti medical and
seperti doktor dan
mengumpulkan data geology
jurutera
Scientific method Science careers
such as collecting such as doctor
data and engineer
Bahan berbahaya
Ketumpatan dan
seperti merkuri
keapungan bahan
dan natrium
Density and
Hazardous
flotation PENYIASATAN
substances such
of substances SAINTIFIK
as mercury and
SCIENTIFIC
sodium
INVESTIGATION
APAKAH SAINS?
WHAT IS SCIENCE?
Sains membolehkan kita memahami alam sekeliling dan merupakan suatu kaedah pemikiran yang boleh
memberikan jawapan kepada persoalan-persoalan yang kita hadapi. Sains membolehkan manusia
memperkembangkan pelbagai teknologi baharu yang dapat membantu manusia dalam kehidupan harian dan
meningkatkan taraf hidup mereka.
Science enables us to understand the environment and is a way of thinking that can bring answers to the
problems we face. Science enables us to develop new technologies that can help us in our daily lives and
improve our standard of living.
1
NOTA BESTARI
BAB
1 Sains
1. Sains ialah disiplin ilmu yang melibatkan pemerhatian
Science
1. Science is the discipline of knowledge that involves
dan eksperimen yang sistematik terhadap fenomena systematic observations and experiments on natural
alam semula jadi. phenomena.
2. Sains boleh dibahagikan kepada tiga cabang penting, 2. Science can be divided into three main branches, which
iaitu fizik, kimia dan biologi. are physics, chemistry and biology.
3. Contoh-contoh kerjaya sains termasuklah ahli sains, 3. The examples of science careers include scientist,
doktor, guru sains dan jurutera. science teachers and engineers.
Kuantiti Fizik dan Nilai Awalan Physical Quantities and the Prefix Value
1. Panjang (meter), jisim (kilogram), masa (saat), suhu 1. The length (metre), mass (kilogram), time (second),
(Kelvin) dan arus elektrik (ampere) adalah kuantiti- temperature (Kelvin) and electric current (ampere) are
kuantiti fizik asas yang digunakan dalam pengukuran. based physical quantities used for measurement.
2. Unit piawai adalah penting untuk memudahkan 2. Standard units are importance to facilitate international
perhubungan antarabangsa seperti dalam sektor communication as in business.
perdagangan. 3. The common prefix values used for measurement
3. Imbuhan awalan yang biasa digunakan dalam include giga (G, 1 000 000 000), mega (M, 1 000 000),
pengukuran termasuklah giga (G, 1 000 000 000), kilo (k, 1 000), centi (c, 0.01), milli (m, 0.001), micro (μ,
mega (M, 1 000 000), kilo (k, 1 000), senti (c, 0.01), 0.000 001) and nano (n, 0.000 000 001).
mili (m, 0.001), mikro (μ, 0.000 001) dan nano
(n, 0.000 000 001).
Ketumpatan Density
1. Ketumpatan ialah kuantiti jisim bagi suatu bahan per 1. Density is the quantity of the mass of a substance per
unit isi padu. unit volume.
2. Unit ketumpatan ialah gram per sentimeter padu atau 2. The unit of density is gram per cubic
g/cm3 (g cm–3). centimetre or g/cm3 (g cm–3).
2
Standard Kandungan
1.1 Sains adalah sebahagian daripada kehidupan harian Tarikh:
BAB
Buku teks m/s 6 – 7
1 Tandakan ( ✓ ) tiga cabang sains. TP1
Tick ( ✓ ) three branches of science.
Fizik Seni Kimia Biologi 1
Physics Art Chemistry Biology
3 Kenal pastikan jenis bidang dan cabang sains sama ada kimia, ‘K’, biologi, ‘B’ atau fizik, ‘F’ dalam petak.
Identify the fields and branches of science whether chemistry, ‘C’, biology, ‘B’ or physics, ‘P’ in the boxes.
3
Standard Kandungan
1.2 Makmal sains anda Tarikh:
1
Name the laboratory apparatus based on the diagrams and uses given.
(b)
6 7 8
Gelang Cerobong
Barrel Penutup
Collar Lid
Lubang udara
Air hole Tapak
Base
4
9 10 11
BAB
1
• Mengacau larutan dan • Memegang radas • Mengumpulkan gas
memindahkan larutan To hold the apparatus To collect gas
To stir liquids and transfer
liquids
12 13 14
B. Simbol amaran melabelkan bahan-bahan berbahaya menurut Peraturan tentang Bahan Berbahaya.
Kenal pasti simbol amaran di bawah. TP1
The hazardous symbols label the hazardous materials according to the Regulations of Dangerous
Substances. Identify the hazardous symbols below.
1 2 3
4 5 6
Video Praktis
Kendiri
5
Tarikh:
1.3 AKTIVITI
PERBINCANGAN
Peraturan dan keselamatan di dalam makmal sains
Rules and safety in science laboratory
PBD
Kontekstual
KBAT
BAB
1
Put a tick ( ✓ ) to show a correct attitude and a cross ( ✗ ) to show a wrong attitude.
Saya masuk ke dalam Saya tuang larutan kimia Saya buka semua pintu
makmal dengan kebenaran yang tidak digunakan dan tingkap semasa Saya cuci semua radas
guru. ke dalam bekasnya. berada di dalam makmal. selepas digunakan.
I enter the laboratory I pour unused chemicals I open all the doors and I wash all the apparatus
only with my teacher‛s back into their windows while in the after using them.
permission. containers. laboratory.
Alkohol
2 Sekumpulan murid sedang menjalankan eksperimen di dalam makmal sains. Tiba-tiba, kemalangan
di bawah berlaku pada seorang murid. Apakah tindakan segera yang boleh diambil? TP3/KBAT
A group of students are conducting experiments in the science labs. Suddenly, the accident below
happened to a student. What are the immediate actions that needs to be taken?
(a) (b)
Tindakan/Action:
Tindakan/Action:
Cuba keluar bahan itu
murid ke kawasan
dan dengan air yang
banyak. dengan segera.
Try to it out and the victim to an
with a lot of water. air immediately. Praktis
Kendiri
6
Standard Kandungan
1.3 Kuantiti fizik dan unitnya Tarikh:
1.4 AKTIVITI
PERBINCANGAN
Kuantiti fizik dan unitnya
Physical quantities and their units
PBD
Kontekstual
KBAT
BAB
Buku teks m/s 15 – 17
1 Lengkapkan jadual tentang kuantiti asas fizik. TP1
1
Complete the table about the base physical quantities.
Kelvin Ampere kilogram meter/metre saat/second kg s K A m
123
mega Mama 6 ‘0’
kena 3 ‘0’ behind
kilo demam 1
14243
campak 2
depan ‘0’
desi/deci minum 3
‘0’ in front
milo (μ) 6
nanti 9
senti/centi
mili/milli
mikro/micro
nano Praktis
Kendiri
4 Wajarkan kepentingan unit S.I. (unit piawai) dan imbuhan awalan dalam kehidupan harian. TP5/KBAT
Justify the importance of S.I. units (standard unit) and prefix values in every life.
Unit S.I. unit pengukuran yang berbeza di serata dunia. Imbuhan awalan
digunakan untuk bacaan nilai angka pengukuran yang sangat
atau yang .
S.I. units different measurement units around the world. Prefixes are used to
the reading of very or very numeric
measurement values.
7
Tarikh:
AKTIVITI
1.7 PERBINCANGAN Ralat sistematik dan ralat rawak PBD
Systematic and random errors Masteri
KBAT
BAB
1
Complete the tree map below about the types of error.
Ralat ialah perbezaan antara nilai
Ralat sifar Ralat paralaks ukuran dengan nilai sebenar.
Zero error Parallax error
Errors are the differences between
the measured values and the actual
values.
Ralat/Errors
2 Kenal pasti jenis ralat. Tandakan ( ✓ ) pada jawapan yang betul. TP2
Identify the types of error. Mark ( ✓ ) for the correct answer.
4 cm 5 cm
(a) Bulatkan kedudukan mata yang betul semasa mengambil bacaan pada rajah di atas.
Circle the correct position of the eye when taking the reading on the above diagram.
(b) Berapakah panjang pensel?
What is the length of the pencil?
(c) Apakah kedudukan mata Azmir yang akan menyebabkan ralat paralaks? Bulatkan jawapan.
What are the positions of Azmir’s eye which will result in parallax errors? Circle the answers.
P Q R
12
Tarikh:
AKTIVITI
1.8 PERBINCANGAN Angkup vernier dan tolok skru mikrometer PBD
Vernier calipers and micrometer screw gauge Masteri
KBAT
BAB
Buku teks m/s 22 – 23
Rekodkan bacaan panjang objek./Record the readings of the length of the objects. TP3/KBAT
Skala utama 4 cm 5 cm
Skala utama mm 45
Main scale
Main scale 0
40 Skala vernier
Skala vernier 35 Vernier scale
Vernier scale 0 5 10 30
+ = + =
0 0 0 25
Ralat sifar:
‘0’ ini di depan ’0’ 45 20
0 5 10
(di atas), baca dari kiri.
40 155
Ralat sifar ialah ‘+’.
Zero error: 2 3
This ‘0’ is in front of the
‘0 (above)’, read from
the left. The zero error
is ‘+’.
0 5 10
Ralat sifar:
Ralat sifar/Zero error = cm ‘0’ ini di atas ’0’ di kiri,
Bacaan betul/Correct reading ralat sifar ialah ‘–’.
Zero error:
= This ‘0’ is above the
‘0’ on the left’, the zero
(b) error is ‘–’.
0 1
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Tarikh:
1.9 AKTIVITI
PERBINCANGAN
Membuat anggaran pengukuran
Making the estimation of measurement
PBD
Masteri
KBAT
BAB
1
To estimate the length, area, mass and volume of objects
Bahan dan Pensel, pembaris, kertas graf, 100 helai kertas, air, batu, benang
Radas Pencil, ruler, graph paper, 100 sheets of paper, water, stone, thread
1 cm
1 cm
Jumlah petak
bertanda (✓)
The number of
squares marked
(✓)
=
Anggaran luas
Estimated area
= cm2
2. Tandakan (✓) pada petak yang lengkap dan yang separuh atau lebih daripada
separuh lengkap.
Mark (✓) the complete squares and which are half or more than half complete.
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Aktiviti/Activity Keputusan/Results
C. Membuat anggaran jisim
Estimating the mass
BAB
1. Timbang 100 helai kertas dengan Jisim 100 helai kertas
1
nerasa tiga alur. Mass of 100 sheets of paper
Measure 100 sheets of paper with a = g
triple beam balance.
2. Anggarkan jisim bagi sehelai kertas. Jisim 1 helai kertas
Estimate the mass of a sheet of paper. Mass of 1 sheet of paper
= g
3. Rekodkan bacaan akhir air. The method used is called the water
displacement method.
Record the final reading of water.
Perbincangan Berdasarkan definisi yang diberikan, padankan kuantiti pengukuran yang betul. TP1
Based on the given information, match the correct quantities of measurement.
15
Standard Kandungan
1.5 Ketumpatan Tarikh:
1
isi padu yang sama
To study the relationship between the mass and the density of various solids with the same
volumes
Bahan dan Kubus besi, kuprum, kayu dan gabus 1 cm3, besen, penimbang digital
Radas 1 cm3 iron, copper, wood and cork cuboids, basin, digital balance
Prosedur
1 Timbang jisim setiap kubus dan rekod dalam jadual yang diberikan.
Weigh the mass of each given cuboid and record in the given table.
2 Kira ketumpatan setiap kubus menggunakan rumus di bawah:
Calculate the density of each cuboid by using the formula below.
16
Tarikh:
EKSPERIMEN
1.11 INKUIRI Penentuan ketumpatan objek dengan kaedah sesaran air PBD
Penemuan
Determining the density of objects by water displacement method
KBAT Inkuiri
BAB
Buku teks m/s 31
Tujuan Menentukan ketumpatan pepejal dengan kaedah sesaran air
1
To determine the density of a solid by the water displacement method
Bahan dan Tali, batu, kiub logam, penimbang digital, silinder penyukat 250 ml
Radas String, stone, metal cube, digital balance, 250 ml measuring cylinder
Prosedur
1 Timbang batu dan kiub logam
Tali
Batu String menggunakan penimbang digital dan
Stone rekodkan jisim.
Weigh the stone and the metal cube
Air
Water
by using a digital balance and record
the mass.
Batu
2 Dengan menggunakan kaedah sesaran
Stone air, tentukan isi padu pepejal itu.
By using the water displacement
method, determine the volume of the
Penimbang digital Kaedah sesaran air solids.
Digital balance Water displacement method
3 Hitung ketumpatan batu dan kiub logam dengan menggunakan formula yang berikut:
Calculate the density of the stone and the metal cube by using the following formula:
Jisim/Mass (g)
Ketumpatan/Density =
Isi padu/Volume (cm3)
Perbincangan 1 Bulatkan dua kuantiti fizik yang diperlukan untuk menentukan ketumpatan objek.
Circle two physical quantities that are required to determine the density of an object.
TP1
2 Jika sebiji batu mempunyai ketumpatan 2.5 g/cm3 dan isi padu 10 cm3, hitung jisim
batu itu./If a stone has a density of 2.5 g/cm3 and a volume of 10 cm3, calculate the
mass of the stone. TP3/KBAT
Praktis
Kendiri
17
Tarikh:
1.12 AKTIVITI
PERBINCANGAN
Pengukuhan kefahaman tentang ketumpatan
Reinforcement of understanding about density
PBD
Kontekstual
KBAT
BAB
1
ditunjukkan dalam rajah di bawah. Puan Azizah ingin murid dalam kelasnya mengaitkan kejadian
ini dengan konsep ketumpatan.
Puan Azizah put a chicken egg into a beaker that contain tap water as shown in the diagram below.
Puan Azizah wants her students in the class relate the occurrence with the concept of density.
(c) Apakah yang anda boleh lakukan untuk mengapungkan telur ayam itu di dalam air? Terangkan
jawapan anda. TP3/KBAT
What can you do to make the chicken egg to float in the water? Explain your answer.
(a) Kayu balak dihanyutkan melalui sungai ke kilang papan. Hal ini
demikian kerana kayu balak daripada air.
Logs are floated down rivers to sawmills. This is because the
logs are than water.
Tangki balast
Ballast tank Udara
(b) Kapal selam boleh tenggelam atau timbul apabila jumlah Air
di dalam tangki balast berubah. Hal ini demikian
kerana udara adalah daripada air.
A submarine can sink or rise when the amount of Air
Water
in its ballast tanks changes. This is because air is
than water.
AKTIVITI HANDS-ON
1. Pembelajaran Berasaskan Projek 1: Membina model kapal selam (rujuk silang m.s. 165)
Project-Based Learning 1:Build a submarine model (cross reference p. 166)
2. Eksperimen Wajib 1: Langkah-langkah saintifik (rujuk silang m.s. 171 – 172)
Compulsory Experiment 1:Scientific investigation (cross-reference pp. 171 – 172)
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