Fy 6 me 10. Mk 2. eee aoe Competition Section Motion in @ Plane GLIMPSES Scalars. The physical quantities which have only magnitude and no direction are called scalars e. ‘mass, length, time, speed, work, power, etc. Vectors. The physical quantities which have both magnitude and direction are called vectors .¢4 displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, momen- tum, etc. Representation of a vector. A vector i8 repre- sented by a straight line with an arrowhead overit. ‘The length of the line gives the magnitude and the arrowhead gives the direction of the vector, Position vector. A vector which gives position of an object with reference to the origin of a coordi- nate system is called position vector. Displacement vectors is that vector which tells how much and in which direction an, object has changed its position in a given time interval. Polar vectors, These are the vectors which have a starting point or a point of application «.g., dis- placement, forces velocity, etc. / [Axial vectors, The)vectors which represent rota- tional effect and act along the ais of rotation in accordance with right hand screw rule are called axial vectors eg. torque, angular momentum, etc, Equal vectars. Two vectors are said to be equal if, they have the same magnitude and direction. Negative vector. The negative of a vector is defined as another vector having the same magni- tude but having an opposite direction. Zero vector. A vector having zero magnitude and an arbitrary direction is called a zero or null vector. Collinear vectors, The vectors which either act along the same line or along parallel lines are called collinear vectors. Coplanar vectors. The vectors which act in the same plane are called coplanar vectors. 13. 1s. 16. 19. 20, 21, @ Modulus ofa Veetor. The magnitude or length of a vector is called its modulus. Modulus of vector A=1A l= A Fixed vector. The vector whose initial vector is fixed is called a fixed vector oF localised vector. Unit vector. A unit vector is a vector of unit ‘magnitude drawn in the direction of a given vector. ‘A unit vector in the direction of A is given by ees 1A} Free vector. A vector whose initial point is not fixed is called a free vector or non-localised vector. . Cosinitial vectors, The vectors which have the same initial point are called co-initial vectors. Co-terminius vectors. The vectors which have the common terminal point are called co-terminus vectors. Properties af zero vector, A zero vector has the following properties : &+G=4; 16-6; 04-6 Multiplication of vector by a real number. When avector A is multiplied by a real number 2, we get another vector. 4.4. The magnitude of 2. is 2 times the magnitude of A . If .is positive, then the direction of 4A is same as that of A. If 2 is negative, then the direction of 4 A is opposite to that of A. Multiplication of 2 vector by a scalar. When a vector A is multiplied by a scalar 4, which has 439