1

00
CONTENTS

01 Background and Introduction 3

1.1 Historical Background 4
1.2 Background of the Problem 8
1.3 Background of the Study 9
1.4 Statement of the Problem 10
1.5 Significance of the Study 11
1.6 Goals and Objectives 13
1.7 Scope and Limitations 14
1.8 Definition of Terms 15
1.9 Review of Related Literature 16
1.10 Methodology 19
02 Discussions 22
2.1 Site Analysis 23
2.2 The Design 31
2.3 The Master Plan 44
2.4 The Mood 57
2.5 Utilities, Technology and Innovations 65
03 Conclusion 80
04 Recommendations 81
05 Apendix 82

2
01
BACKGROUND &
INTRODUCTION

3
01.1
INTRODUCTION

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

History of Environmental Hazards

Although the oil depot was established in 1914, shortly after the Spanish-
American War, a series of recent events have struck the adjacent
communities and the greater Metro Manila area with a sense of urgency to
reclaim their right to a safe and healthy environment. In 2001, Mayor Lito
Atienza passed Manila City Ordinance 8027, reclassifying the depot zone
from industrial to commercial, mandating the removal of the depots.
Rather than relocating, Chevron, Petron and Shell came into a
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the City of Manila. The MOU,
signed by Mayor Atienza and the three oil companies, legally surpassed
Ordinance 8027. The oil companies additionally filed petitions with Manila
Regional Trial Court seeking injunctions to suspend the ordinance from
taking effect (Alternative Shell Report, 2004).

4
01.1
INTRODUCTION

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

The MOU resulted in a minimal scale down of the depot and the commemoration
of the adjacent park that simultaneously serves as a buffer zone. In 2002, the Asian
branch of Time Magazine cited Philippine intelligence officials recognizing the
Pandacan oil depot as a target for terrorism after an explosion on a public transit
system was traced to a South East Asian-based terrorist group, Jemaah Islamiah.
During the first bucket brigade in the Philippines and throughout Asia in 2003,
United Front to Oust Oil Depots (UFO-OD) in collaboration with Global Community
Monitor conducted air testing with household materials, such as buckets,
throughout the communities that border the fences of oil depots. Professional lab
results found alarming levels of benzene in the air. University of the Philippines
College of Medicine (UP) also reported abnormal levels of lead in urine samples
and diagnosed the majority of patients tested with median neuropathy or nerve
damage. The UP health study also shows a lower rate of neuropathy as the
distance from the oil depot increases. Since the bucket brigade in 2003,
catastrophic spills and explosions have alarmed the Pandacan community. In 2005,
an estimated 40,000 liters of diesel fuel overflowed from a Chevron- operated
pipeline leading from Batangas to Pandacan. In 2006, a single-hull vessel
contracted by Petron Oil Company, carrying 528,000 gallons of industrial bunker oil
sunk off of the west coast of Guimaras. The spill continues to spread,
contaminating hundreds of kilometers of coastline with sticky oil in Guimaras, Iloilo
and Negros Occidental. 1

Pandacan,Oil Depot Threats and Accidents Health Hazard Relocation

Since 1914

5
01.1
INTRODUCTION

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Relocation Debacle
In 2001, the 3 oil companies and the Department of Energy (DOE)
entered into a memorandum of agreement (MOA) providing for a
formulation of a "master plan" for the relocation of the Pandacan oil
terminals. Then Manila Mayor Lito Atienza approved City Ordinance No.
8027, reclassifying the land use of the Pandacan oil depot area from
Industrial II to Commercial I. In 2002, with the 6- month deadline looming,
the city of Manila and the DOE entered into a memorandum of
understanding (MOU), stating that "the scaling down of the Pandacan oil
depot terminals was the most viable and practicable option."

Mayor Atienza approved City Ordinance No. 8119 or the “Manila

Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Zoning ordinance of 2006” that
reclassified the oil depot area into a High Density Residential/Mixed Use
Zone in 2006. In 2007, The Supreme Court (SC), deciding on the petition for
mandamus filed by the Social Justice Society against Mayor Atienza in
December 2002, ruled that Atienza should immediately enforce Ordinance
No. 8027.

6
01.1
INTRODUCTION

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

The objective of the ordinance is to protect the residents of Manila from the
catastrophic devastation that will surely occur in case of a terrorist attack on
the Pandacan Terminals. Later in 2008, The SC ruled that Ordinance No.
8027 was valid and constitutional, and there were no impediments to
enforce it. The court also said that Ordinance No. 8119 did not repeal the
first ordinance. Mayor Alfredo Lim approved City Ordinance No. 8187,
which was filed months before the final SC decision. It amended Ordinance
No. 8119 and reclassified the Pandacan oil depot into a heavy industrial
zone, therefore allowing the stay of the 3 oil companies there in 2009. Three
years after, in 2012, the city council enacted City Ordinance No. 8283,
amending Ordinance No. 8187, and reverted the area back to its high-
density commercial/mixed use zone classification. It also gave the oil
companies until January 2016 to relocate their Pandacan terminals. After a
few months, Lim vetoed Ordinance No. 8283. The city council reversed Lim's
veto, but the mayor vetoed it again in October, saying that the Pandacan
oil depot played a critical role in the supply of petroleum products not only
in Metro Manila but the entire country as well. Finally, this April 2014, Mayor
Estrada chose to enforce Ordinance No. 8283, and reiterated the Jan 31,
2016 deadline to the oil companies to relocate from the Pandacan oil
depot.2

7
01.2
INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM

Background of the Problem

Pandacan Oil Depot is a 33-hectare industrial zone which houses the so-
called Big Three Oil Companies –
Petron, Shell and Caltex (now Chevron),
and supplies the fuel needs of Metro
Manila and nearby provinces. Over the
years, the risk of road accidents, product
spills, and threats to security and health for
the tankers and public have increased.
Concerned people in the area have been
complaining about the intense and
alarming odor emitted by the giant oil
depots that lie on the banks of Pasig River.
Several incidents related to the oil depot
have proven that the oil storage facilities
adversely affect the environment and pose
a danger to the health and lives of Manila
residents.
In February 1997, two Shell oil tankers
exploded inside their premises of the oil depot
complex. In 1999, a pipeline leak was the
source of fires in Muntinlupa City with one
fatality. In January 2008, a tanker burst into
flames at the foot of the Nagtahan fly-over,
killing one and wounding another. Not too
long ago, in July 2010, the FPIC underground
pipeline leak caused panic and anxiety
among residents as water mixed with oil in the
basement of the West Tower Condominium in
Barangay Bangkal, Makati.

8
01.3
INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

On April 03, 2014 Manila Mayor Joseph Estrada gave the oil companies in the
Pandacan oil depot until Jan 31, 2016 to shut down their oil storage facilities
and relocate to another area.5 Once the Big 3 oil companies leave it in 2016,
the 33-hectare area will be nothing but brownfield. Expansion, redevelopment,
or reuse of the oil depot may be complicated by the presence of
contamination. The owners of the oil storage facilities will have trouble selling
the vacant sites, as potential liability for cleanup costs and environmental
contamination is something to worry about. As a result, the site will end up
being abandoned, decreasing the tax base of the area and becoming the
source of diseases in the community. The redevelopment of brownfields can
provide many benefits to the public, including an increased tax base, the
creation of new jobs, the utilization of existing infrastructure, and the removal of
blight.6 The potential for harm, both to human beings and to the wider
environment, will have to be considered, especially if any contamination is to
be left on the site. Through Brownfield Redevelopment, public health and
environmental hazards posed by the site will be reduced.
The redevelopment process includes revitalization of the area. Developers
integrate cleanup and construction activities. Detailed plans are prepared for
streamlining the process and ensuring all issues are resolved so that the
redevelopment process runs smoothly. Progressively, transformation of the area
will be expected once commercial and residential buildings rise on it as the
expected outcome of this study.

9
01.4
INTRODUCTION

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Brownfield lands are contaminated lands that are left abandoned and
undeveloped, which pose a threat to the community if left unresolved. Through
brownfield redevelopment, a vast array of vacant, abandoned, and underutilized
property that, if properly managed for environmental health and safety issues, can
be very desirable for redevelopment.7 One of the main issues involving brownfield
redevelopment is the concern over legal liability. The uncertainty of rehabilitation
costs for contaminated sites can frighten away many potential developers and
investors.8

This study aims to create an architectural solution that will maximize the
potentials of brownfields and at the same time introduce a new trend on
sustainability which will give way to a development that will provide opportunities
in enriching Pandacan and employment for the residents. Specifically, the
proponents target to answer the following questions:

1. How can brownfield redevelopment and reuse help Pandacan Oil

Depot in eliminating the threat in the health and lives of the people
caused by the brownfield land?
2. Can Brownfield Redevelopment be helpful for these communities?
3. What can the proposed Business Park offer to encourage
revitalization of the area?
4. How can the proposed Business Park address the existing problems
of the local residents as the relocation of the oil storage facilities
pursue?

7 Michigan Brownfield Redevelopment Innovation: Two Decades of Success (2010) p.1

8 Brownfield Redevelopment. www.umich.edu. Accessed August 05, 2014

10
01.5
INTRODUCTION

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The residual levels are acceptable for an industrial site. However, standards
for a mixed-used development are more stringent of use. The change
intensified testing the programs and research of condition of the soil Pandacan
Oil depot.
Last October 9, 2004 HRA (Health Risk Assessment) of soil and water
content of Pandacan oil depot were conducted by DENR (Department
Environment and Natural Resources). Samples were collected from the surface
soil, subsurface soil and groundwater of the site and found that the content of
water and soils includes mineral oil, some chemical compounds; traces of
metals: barium and vanadium (possibly from the soil originally used for
reclaiming the site) and traces of pesticides including Organochlorines
(“Drins”). These were the ‘hazards’ identified. These hazardous elements are
threat in environment and human health.
When the oil storage facilities relocate, the site will be a brownfield land.
When abandoned brownfield lands are left neglected, contaminants may
migrate off-site, creating hazards on the nearby community. Therefore, in
order for the site to be safe and at the same time be useful for human
habitation, a brownfield redevelopment will be established.
Brownfield redevelopment seeks to environmentally assess existing
brownfield properties, prevent further contamination, safely cleanup polluted
properties, and design plans for reuse. It promotes a sustainable development
for the proposed Business Park. By this process, the site helps to improve the
quality of the environment in the community and removes real and perceived
threats to health and safety.

11
01.5
INTRODUCTION

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Communities may experience many environmental, social and

economic benefits from brownfield redevelopment that:
• Removes actual and potential sources of land, water and air
contamination
• Recovers desirable locations, allowing for smarter growth through
urban intensification
• Removes or renovates abandoned and derelict buildings,
decreasing the risk of injury, vandalism and arson
• Preserves historical landmarks and heritage
architecture
• Beautifies urban landscapes
• Revives older urban communities and surrounding areas
• Locates new development in areas where better use can be made
of existing municipal infrastructure and services such as transit

• Increases property assessment values and the resulting tax base, leading
to increased revenue for governments
• Reduces urban sprawl
• Preserves greenfield land, which may be productive farmland or
environmentally significant land.10

The proposed Business Park will provide many job opportunities especially
to those who will be greatly affected by the relocation of the oil storage
facilities. This will be a waterfront development that offers various activities
and lifestyle choices, along with a majestic view through the buildings
oriented towards the Pasig River. The local residents will be rest assured that
their health and security will no longer be in danger and a sustainable and
lively community will be developed.

12
01.6
INTRODUCTION

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

GOALS AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main goal of this proposal is to provide a solution that will transform
the oil storage facilities into a development which will benefit the residents of
Manila particularly those in Pandacan, and at the same time will generate
income, through brownfield redevelopment. While the objectives include:

• Promoting brownfield redevelopment solution in reusing and

revitalization of contaminated lands which supports sustainability
• Informing developers on the benefits of
redeveloping brownfields instead of greenfield.
• Introducing a new trend in addressing the problem regarding
environmental remediation that support redevelopment
• Developing and taking advantage of the potentials of the site.
• Educating people around the vicinity on what are the benefits of
brownfield redevelopment that can help the environment and their
way of living.

• Developing a Business Park that will address the problems of the site
and the local residents
• Justifying the proposed Business Park as the subject of revitalization for
the community of Pandacan.

13
01.7
INTRODUCTION

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

• This study is directed by the rules and regulations set by the PD 1096 also known as The
National Building Code of the Philippines , other laws concerning and governing the proposal,
also, by the parameters given by the local government standards and with the guidance of
the local government of the City of Manila.
• For the present owners, this study is not intended to forcedly relocate the existing structure or
to give a bad impression to the function of the depot; it is only to empower and provide a
solution to the problem and not to impose the damages inflicted by the oil depot both to the
residents and the environment.
• The study will focus on the process of brownfield redevelopment and to the Business park which
will be developed in the Shell perimeter of the chosen lot and not the entire property of the
Pandacan oil depot.
• This study excludes the fields of structural, sanitary, mechanical, electrical, and electronics
engineering.
• This study is limited to the information, statistics and literature obtained by the researchers up
to their corresponding stretch.
• This study would deal with the following:

o Design feasibility (Background, Significance & Related literature, Statement of the

Design Problem)
oResearch (Deeper study on Brownfield Redevelopment and the local availability of the
treatment needed)

oArchitectural Analysis (Space Requirements, User and Vehicular Traffic Circulation,

Design Standards and Circulation, Site Selection, Inventory & Assessment,
Land Use & Zoning)
oDesign Synthesis (Architectural Design Concept & Philosophy, Working Drawings)

• The proposal is an income-generating development, so the proposal will be concerned

on the profit and therefore the research on revenue will be significant, as the return of
venture for profitable facilities or structure are parts of the study. The return of investment
of the development will be observed and defended.

14
01.8
INTRODUCTION
Benzene - found in the air from emissions from
burning coal and oil, gasoline service stations,
and motor vehicle exhaust.
Blight - something that spoils or damages
something, a disease that affects plants, or a
general state of neglect and disrepair in an urban
area.
Business Park - an area specially designated and
landscaped to accommodate business offices. All
of the work that goes on here is commercial and
can be residential
Brownfield - According to the Small Business
Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act of
2001, a brownfield is defined as a real property,
the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which
may be complicated by the presence or
potential presence of a hazardous substance,
pollutant, or contaminant.
Brownfield redevelopment - cleaning up of sites
that help improve the quality of the environment
in the community and removes real and
perceived threats to health and safety.
Community - a group of people who live in the
same area
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR) - the executive department of the
Philippine government responsible for governing
and supervising the exploration, development,
utilization, and conservation of the country's
natural resources.
Drins – also called Organochlorine. Insecticides
that are among the oldest, most toxic, and most
environmentally destructive synthetic pesticides.
These chemicals were used extensively in
agriculture, forestry, and in home pest. They target
the central nervous system, and many of them
are suspected to cause cancer.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Greenfield - used in construction and
development to reference land that has never
been used (e.g. green or new), where there was
no need to demolish or rebuild any existing
structures.
Health Risk Assessment (HRA) - health
questionnaire, used to provide individuals with an
evaluation of their health risks and quality of life.
Mixed Use Development - development that
blends residential, commercial, cultural,
institutional, and where appropriate, industrial
uses.
Neurophysical disorder - cerebral dysfunction from
any physical cause manifested by changes in
mood, behavior, perception, memory, cognition,
or judgment and/or psychophysiology.
Oil Spill - an accidental release of oil into a body of
water, as from a tanker, offshore drilling rig, or
underwater pipeline, often presenting a hazard to
marine life and the environment.
Ordinance No. 8283 - reclassifies the Pandacan oil
depot area from industrial to commercial, which will
force the oil companies to transfer their storage
facilities.
Petroleum - a kind of oil that comes from below the
ground and that is the source of gasoline and other
products
Revitalization - the process of making something grow,
develop, or become successful again.
Sustainability - to ensure that actions and decisions
today do not inhibit the opportunities of future
generations. The main idea of sustainability is to
concentrate on environmental conditions to achieve
a designed product with maximum internal attributes
of environment so that it can minimize the undesirable
aspects of these constructions.
Urban Sprawl - the unplanned, uncontrolled spreading
of urban development into areas adjoining the edge
of a city.
15
01.9
INTRODUCTION

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Local

A CENTURY-OLD CHALLENGE | The

oil depots in Pandacan
By: Mari-An C. Santos,
InterAksyon.com

This article introduces Pandacan as a neighborhood rich in history. According to this article,
the genesis of Pandacan can be traced back to the year 1574. It was a home to one of the
heroic Gomburza, Father Jacinto Zamora. Other prominent Pandacan residents include the
father of Philippine Opera Ladislao Bonus, pioneering Filipina doctor Paz Mendoza Guazon,
revolutionary leader Apolinario Mabini, and sports celebrity Jacinto Ciria-Cruz. What used to be a
farming community became partly industrial during the American occupation. Shell established
facilities in 1914, Caltex (now Chevron) in 1917, and Petron in 1922. The area was destroyed
because of the Second World War but revived soon after.

The proponents found out in this article that Pandacan Oil Depot is a 33-hectare compound
that houses the storage facilities and distribution terminals of the so-called Big 3: Chevron, Petron,
and Shell. The guarded and fenced facility is in the city of Manila, in close proximity to densely
populated areas Pandacan, Paco, Sta. Mesa, and Sta. Ana. Along the same riverbank, less than
two kilometers away, lies the seat of the nation’s power, Malacañang Palace. The First Philippine
Industrial Corporation (FPIC) is in charge of the underground pipeline system that runs from the oil
refineries in Batangas to the Pandacan oil depot

This article explains the Ordinances approved regarding the classification of Pandacan in
terms of land use. These are dependent on the administration governing the City of Manila.
Examples are Ordinance No. 8027 that re-classified Pandacan from an industrial to commercial
area in 2001. In 2009, the area was re-classified as a heavy industrial zone under Ordinance No.
8187. In late 2012, Ordinance No. 8283 re-classified the area as a high-intensity commercial zone,
thus giving the oil depot until 2016 to relocate.

Moreover, this article is indeed helpful for the researchers as an overview of the history and
problems about Pandacan Oil Depot which will be the site for the proposed development. It has
been very vocal about the needs to remove and rehabilitate the area. Plans for the area include
not only removing hazardous facilities but also utilization of the area that will be vacated. Jobs will
surely increase when the large complex is opened up to businesses as well as sports complex,
cultural venues, entertainment centers, parks, hospital, schools, and low-cost housing. Not to
mention, the unquantifiable benefits of a cleaner environment.

16
01.9
INTRODUCTION

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

What’s a brownfield?
Philippine Daily Inquirer
By Amado de Jesus

This editorial explains the importance of brownfields in choosing a site for a building
project and expounds the challenges, planning process and remediation techniques in
brownfields.

According to this article, reusing and rehabilitating damaged land instead of

developing virgin land is a sustainable practice. It reduces pressure on undeveloped land
resource. In almost all countries there are many cases of prime development areas like
riverfront sites, industrial waste sites, abandoned warehouses and others with access to
public transportation and inner-city core activity. These sites could be redeveloped into
mixed housing and commercial projects, or community gardens and orchards, and many
other land uses.

Moreover, the planning process includes visual inspection of the current use of the land
and a study of its past use through documents and interviews. If the findings show signs of
possible toxic materials in the land like lead, arsenic or asbestos, the process becomes more
intensive.

Sampling of the soil, soil gas, ground water, surface water or sediment is made to determine
the type and quantity of contaminants. A work plan is then made on how the site will be
cleaned up for the intended use. Once the work plan is approved, the developer may avail
of tax credits, loans or grants. The cleanup of a particular site can be monitored at the local
level. New owners of brownfields may not be liable for contaminants created in the past, but
they have to comply with certain requirements prescribed by law.

Furthermore, there are several ways to apply remediation techniques in a contaminated

brownfield depending on the type and location of the contaminant. Remediation
techniques include removal of contaminants from the site; others are treated on site, while
others are contained on site so as not to spread. In the case of diesel-contaminated soil,
some of the shallow soil is excavated and aerated so that volatile hydrocarbons will be
released before the soil is removed from the site. The remaining soil is covered with several
feet of clean fill.

17
01.9
INTRODUCTION

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

To sum it up, brownfield redevelopment is very much a part of the effort to reduce our
ecological footprint, which is the impact of human activity on the land and its finite resources.
The most important consideration however is public safety and health.

REPUBLIC ACT No. 9593 otherwise known as Tourism Act of 2009 and Its Implementing Rules
and Regulations
This particular section contributes on to how the proponents will consider the existing
brownfields in the oil depot to develop Tourism Enterprise Zones (TEZs) for the purpose of
developing the Philippine Tourism industry as engine of socioeconomic growth.
This document includes pertinent information for this study such as the following:

Tourism Enterprise zones (TEZs) are classified as

1. Greenfield Tourism Zones – which are areas with new or pioneer

development, or
2. Brownfield Tourism Zones – which are areas with existing
infrastructures or development as determined by the TIEZA (Tourism
Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority)

Registered TEZ operators and enterprises are entitled to the following fiscal and
non-fiscal incentives.

1. Income Tax Holiday (ITH)

• New enterprises in Greenfield and Brownfield Tourism Zones shall be
entitled to six (6) years ITH from start of business operations, which may
be extended up to a maximum of six (6)
years if the enterprise undertakes substantial expansion or upgrade prior to
the expiration of its first six(6) years
• An existing enterprise in a Brownfield Zone may avail of a maximum of six (6)
years non-extendible ITH if it undertakes extensive expansion or upgrade of
facilities.
• Net operating losses for any taxable year immediately preceding the
current taxable year which had not been previously offset as deduction
from gross income, may be carried over as deduction from gross income for
the next six (6) consecutive years immediately following the year of the loss.

18
01.10
INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

SOURCES OF DATA

The main nutrient of a research is the data. It

must be gathered meticulously and analyzed well
to know how relevant it is for the project. The
following are the sources of data collected.

A. Library C. Interviews
The library is the oldest and most widely used
in researching. This facility will provide a wide
range of sources readily available for use. Several people are known to be experts of the
The proponents will mostly be dependent area of study. The researchers need firsthand
on libraries because brownfield
information from these relevant to operational
redevelopment has no standards yet in the
country so, the proponents will introduce this people and this information will surely be the
process for public acceptance. The
proposal. Some interviewees are the staff of the
following will be the libraries to be visited:
company specialized in redeveloping brownfields.
• Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
The proponents also need to interview the lot
Library
owners of Pandacan oil depot, barangay
• PLM College of Architecture and
chairman, residents near the vicinity of the depot
Urban Planning CAD Room
and other people who are very much concerned
• Mapua Institue of Technology Library
about the relocation of the oil storage facilities.
• De La Salle University Library

B. Government Data
D. Surveys
Statistical data, census, laws and the like
Surveys are significant to this study. Areas
coming from the government research
near Pandacan oil depot are to be surveyed to
associated to the Pandacan oil depot will be part
know how the public would accept the process
of this thesis. All information is to be gathered for
of brownfield redevelopment and the proposed
examining and counterchecking the data
Business Park if it is brought up to construction.
presented. The following will be the government
Surveys will give a clear view of the data. This will
agencies to be visited:
also play as evidence to strengthen this study.
• Department of Environment and Natural The following will be the sample survey to be

Resources (Environmental Management disseminated to the local residents in the vicinity of

Bureau) the study area.

• Department of Agriculture (Bureau of Soils)

• City Planning and Development Office – (SEE VIDEO FOR INTERVIEWS AND SURVEYS)

Manila City Hall

• NGO Program Secretariat

• Manila District Traffic and Parking Bureau
• Drafting and Surveying Department – Manila
City Hall

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01.10
INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

SURVEY RESULTS
1. Halos 86% na mga tao ang sumang ayon o ang sumagot ng oo at 14% ang hindi sumang
ayon ng sila ay tanungin kung sang ayon ba sila na tanggalin ang Pandacan Oil Depot?
Nang tanungin sila kung ano ang dahilan ng pag sang ayon ng anim na mga tao ay dahil
umano nakakabuti sa kalusugan, iwas sa polusyon, mapapanatili ang maayos na
kapaligiran at makakaiwas sa sunog at aksidente.

2. Nang tanungin naman ang ilang mamamayan kung ano ang ipinagmamalaking yaman ng
Pandacan, 42.8% ang sumagot ng Buling-buling Festival, 14% ang sumagot ng Estero de
Pandacan o ang tinatawag nilang "Little Venice", 28.5% naman ang sumagot ng Ilog Pasig,
59% ang sumagot ng Linear Park, 28.5% rin ang nagbigay ng sagot ng Mga
Makasaysayang lugar at bahay, 59% din ang naniniwalang maituturing at
maipagmamalaking yaman ng Pandacan ang Mga taong nagbibigay o nagbigay
karangalan sa Pandacan samantalang halos lahat o 100% mamamayan naman ang
nagsabi na ipinagmamalaki nilang yaman ng Pandacan ang Sto. Nino de Pandacan.

3. Ayon sa 71% ng mga tao, Basura ang isa sa maraming problema na kasalukuyang
nararanasan ng mga mamamayan ng Pandacan, 59% naman ang nagsabi na problema din
nila ang kakulangan ng mga gusali para sa Seguridad (Government Facility/ Fire Safety).
29% naman ang nagsabi na kulang din ang gusali para sa kalusugan o mga (Health
Center/ Hospital). May 29% ring nagsabi na kulang din ang mga gusali para sa Sining at
kasaysayan (Culture/ History). Mahigit sa 85.7(%) porsyento ang nagsabi na ang
kahirapan ay isa rin sa kasalukuyang problemang kinakaharap o nararanasan ng mga
mamamayan ng Pandacan. May 71% ring sumagot na problema o pinoproblema rin nila
ang ang laganap na Krimen at Droga sa kanilang lugar. 59.1% naman ang nagsabi na
patuloy din dumarami ang populasyon sa Pandacan at ito ay kabilang din sa problemang
kasalukuyan nilang nararanasan. 59% din ang sumagot ng polusyon at 42.8% naman ang
sumagot ng Problema sa Trapiko.

4. Mahigit 59 % ang may gusto na magtayo ng proyekto para sa Educational Facility ang
Pandacan Oil Redevelopment, 71%, naman ang sumagot na gusto rin nilang proyekto
para sa Pandacan Oil Redevelopment (POR) ay ang pagtayo ng Facility for Livelihood
Programs (Recycling Centre etc.). Mahigit sa 42%, naman ang may gusto nang
Government building / Fire Station. 14% ang may gusto ng Grandstand/ Event Place.
Samantalang 29%naman ang gustong magpatayo ng mga Health Centre. Mahigit
kumulang naman sa 86% ang sumagot na gusto nila ng Residential, 29% din ang may
gusto ng Riverside Park/ Boardwalk. 29% rin sa mamamayan ng Pandacan ang may
gustong magkaroon sila ng Street Market/Food District at 14% naman ang sumagot ng
Sports Complex.

20
01.10
INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

SURVEY PHOTOS

21
02
THE DISCUSSION

22
02.1
THE SITE

SITE ANALYSIS

Site Description
The Pandacan Oil Depot is a 33-hectare compound in
Pandacan district in Manila, Philippines, that houses the storage facilities and
distribution terminals of three major players in the country's petroleum industry, namely
Caltex (a petroleum brand name of Chevron Corporation), Petron, and Shell. The oil
depot takes its roots from separate establishments by these oil companies.

On the Southwestern side of the facility are Barangays 833 and 834. Many of the
residents within the area work at the terminals of Shell, Caltex and Petron. Shell
Pandacan Installation is one of the major petroleum product installations of Pilipinas
Shell Petroleum Corporation. It supplies about 50% of total demand for fuel, 90%
lubricant requirements, and 25% of chemical needs nationwide.
Because of this, there are numerous transactions daily and tanker loading operations
inside the installation. Pandacan Installation is the distribution center of refined oil
products like lubricants, greases, weatherkotes, bitumen and chemicals. It has facilities
for receiving, storing, blending, and packaging of petroleum products. The installation
stores a variety of petroleum products in tanks.

23
02.1
THE SITE

SITE ANALYSIS

SITE DATA

A. Historical Background of the Site bustling, hodgepodge community. Today, Pandacan has
Source: Social Justice Society vs. Atienza, G.R. No. 156052, 13 become a densely populated area inhabited by about
February 2008 84,000 people, majority of whom are urban poor who call it
home. Aside from numerous industrial installations, there
The Pandacan Oil Depot, formerly largely
are also small businesses, churches, restaurants, schools,
uninhabited, was ideal for various emerging industries as
daycare centers and residences situated there.
the nearby river facilitated the transportation of goods and
Malacañang Palace, the official residence of the President
products. In the 1920s, it was classified as an industrial
of the Philippines and the seat of governmental power, is
zone. Among its early industrial settlers were the oil
just two kilometers away. There is a private school near
companies. Shell established its installation there on
the Petron depot. Along the walls of the Shell facility are
January 30, 1914. Caltex (now Chevron) followed suit in
shanties of informal settlers. More than 15,000 students
1917 when the company began marketing its products in
are enrolled in elementary and high schools situated near
the country. In 1922, it built a warehouse depot which was
these facilities. A university with a student population of
later converted into a key distribution terminal. The
about 25,000 is located directly across the depot on the
corporate presence in the Philippines of Esso (Petron’s
banks of the Pasig river.
predecessor) became more keenly felt when it won a
concession to build and operate a refinery in Bataan in The 33-hectare Pandacan Terminals house the oil
companies’ distribution terminals and depot facilities. The
1957. It then went on to operate a state-of-the-art lube oil
refineries of Chevron and Shell in Tabangao and Bauan,
blending plant in the Pandacan Terminals where it
both in Batangas, respectively, are connected to the
manufactures lubes and greases.
Pandacan Terminals through a 114-kilometer underground
pipeline system. Petron’s refinery in Limay, Bataan, on the
On December 8, 1941, the Second World War
reached the shores of the Philippine Islands. Although
other hand, also services the depot. The terminals store
Manila was declared an open city, the Americans had no
fuel and other petroleum products and supply 95% of the
interest in welcoming the Japanese. In fact, in their
fuel requirements of Metro Manila, 50% of Luzon’s
zealous attempt to fend off the Japanese Imperial Army,
consumption and 35% nationwide. Fuel can also be
the United States Army took control of the Pandacan
transported through barges along the Pasig River or tank
Terminals and hastily made plans to destroy the storage
trucks via the South Luzon Expressway."
facilities to deprive the advancing Japanese Army of a
valuable logistics weapon. The U.S. Army burned unused B. Annual Precipitation
petroleum, causing a frightening fire. The fire consequently
destroyed the Pandacan Terminals and rendered its According to Corona’s Classification (1920),

network of depots and service stations inoperative. Manila’s climate belong to the 1st type in which has two
pronounced seasons – dry from November to April and
After the war, the oil depots were wet duringthe rest of the year.
reconstructed. Pandacan changed as Manila rebuilt
oil companies resumed the A climate station by the Philippine Atmospheric,
itself. The three major
operation of their depots. But the district was no longer a Geophysical and Astronomic Services (PAGASA) provide

sparsely populated industrial zone; it had evolved into a daily monitoring of climate variables such as rainfall
depths. Air temperature, wind speeds and directions, dry
and wet bulb temperature, relative humidity, cloudiness
and barometric schedule (PAGASA 2002)

24
02.1
THE SITE

SITE ANALYSIS

E. Waterways and Esteros

The study area is situated along the banks of Pasig

River. Within and beside this area resides the Estero de
Pandacan which is the longest estero with a total length
of about 4966 meters lying on the southern part of the
Pasig River. Waterfront development is strategized in the
proposed Business Park in which the development will be
oriented towards the water as the front door. At present,
C. Flood Prone Areas the Pasig River is categorized as class C water or only for
navigation use. The riverfront will be enhanced with well-lit
outdoor commercial activities that will enhance its
image. This side of Manila will be developed as a city by
the river that will push away industrial activities at the
outskirts of the city and will encourage major activity
places.
(Source: http://nababaha.com)
F. Vegetative Cover

The illustration above shows that the project area is a

The vast majority of the vegetative cover on site is

high flood hazard due to its close proximity to the Pasig River along its borders. The plants up against the perimeter of

and Estero de Pandacan where the water height reaches up the Shell terminals provide a decent air quality buffer and
to 1.5 meters. A proposed solution to this problem is to add noise barrier against the oil storage facilities. This
drainage system within the vicinity and complements the site and attractive plant material
to improve the pavement system of the roads. should be put in place to beautify the area.

D. Seismicity G. Impervious surfaces

The City of Manila is physically vulnerable to Impervious surfaces are abundant within the project
earthquake related hazards such as liquifaction and
perimeter. This mainly consists of roads, withered
ground shaking. A vulnerability analysis of various areas in
concrete foundations and asphalt parking lots.
Manila is shown below Geological risks of various of
Implementing pervious surfaces (once the soil condition
Manila.
becomes less of a problem) will be implemented to
BUILDING VULNERABILITY ZONES
promote sustainable design and eliminate the amount of
chemicals present in the soil.
H. Existing Circulation

Currently there are no pedestrian friendly

thoroughfares that lead individuals to the site or that
encourage exploration through it. This will be enhanced
to inspirevisitors to use the space. While a major road
pass near the borders of the site, only two small,
underutilized roads goes through the area. This concern
will be addressed when pedestrian safety is considered.

25
02.1
THE SITE

SITE ANALYSIS

LAND-USE/ZONING

The city ordinance

no. 8119 is an ordinance
adopting the Manila
Comprehensive Land Use
Plan and Zoning Regulations
of 2006. Under this, the
Pandacan Oil Depot is
classified under a C-3/MXD
Zone. This ordinance has
provided Land Use Intensity
Control that shall be
observed in the C-3/MXD
Zone.

(Source: PANDACAN PUD., CPDO)

26
02.1
THE SITE

SITE ANALYSIS

Existing road in the vicinity Existing condition of Pandacan de

Estero

The view of Pasig River outside the Adjacent Carlos P. Garcia High School
guarded fence of the oil depot

Residential areas in the vicinity of the The dirty and unsanitized estero beside
depot. Some of which are informal the study area.
settlements
27
02.1
THE SITE

28
02.1
THE SITE

S.W.O.T ANALYSIS

• The site is relatively flat (according to NAMRIA : Topographic and

Mapping Survey Division)
• Has access to (traverse by) Philippine National Railroad.
• Accessible to Pasig River (Seat of Power).
• The site is situated near residential, commercial and institutional
areas which can be a good option for this kind of
development.

The STRENGTHS will be improved by the following:

Considering as an asset of the site because of being relatively flat.
Proper planning of the proposed business park shall be
meticulously observed.
Road widening can be an option in providing good access for the
expected volume of users.

• The existing road is too narrow for this kind of development.

• Having an adjacency in bodies of water (Pasig River, Estero de

Pandacan) can also be a weakness.

• The public is not familiar to brownfield redevelopment that will be

using in treating the contaminated soil of the site.
• Informal settlers surrounded the site. It may discourage the
possible user of the development.
• The site possesses columns and slabs because of its previous use.
• The site is contaminated with chemical materials came from the
oil storage.
The WEAKNESSES will be obviated by the following:
• Providing seawall in perimeter of the site to prevent the risk flood
from the river.
• Brownfield redevelopment treatment can eradicate soil
contaminants present in the site.
29
02.1
THE SITE

S.W.O.T ANALYSIS

• The project will provide opportunities primarily to the

Pandacan residents.
• The proposal can uplift the land value of Pandacan Oil Depot
by the development of the proponents (Comparison of the
Taxes of oil depot to the proposed business park will be
observed).
• The project will provide opportunity for the community to live
healthier and cleanlier environment due to the sustainability of
the development compared to the industrial zone of the
depot that emits chemical hazards.
Opportunities will be augmented by:
• Prioritizing the residents of Pandacan, Manila
to acquire opportunities for the business park
development.

• The community may not accept the idea or process of

Brownfield Redevelopment.
The possible effect to the land value of Pandacan, Manila
while the brownfield redevelopment treatment is ongoing.
• The possible high tides because of the adjacency to Pasig
River can give destructions for the business park development.

The threats will be obviated by the following:

• The proponents must discuss well the process of

brownfield in order to understand and accept it by the
user and the developer.

30
02.2
THE DESIGN

31
02.2
THE DESIGN

POPULATION
GROWTH LACK OF SLUMS
LIVELIHOOD
PROGRAMS
NEGLECT
OFHISTORY
AND
CULTURE
SOIL
CONTAMINATION
LACK OF
PUBLIC AND
GREEN
SPACES
CRIME
POVERTY

POLLUTION
HEALTH
ISSUES
ISSUES

32
02.2
THE DESIGN
ECONOMIC

SPACE PROGRAM MARKET

OPEN SPACE

ENVIRONMENTAL
COMMERCIAL

CIVIC CENTER

GOVERNMENT
FACILITY
SOCIO RESIDENTIAL
CULTURAL

ACTIVITY AREAS

DESIGN APPROACH

CLEAN &
REDEVELOP
DECONTAMINATE

33
02.2
THE DESIGN

‘TO BE THE HEART OF THE CITY’

A development that fosters community engagement.

A place that primarily builds people's pride and
confidence.

34
02.2
THE DESIGN

SPATIAL ORGANIZATION

BUBBLE DIAGRAM

35
02.2
THE DESIGN

DESIGN
PRINCIPLES

CREATE A
HEART
One of the
important
objectives of
Banyuhay Master
Plan is to create a
vibrant and
buzzing ‘HUB’ in
the Roadside,
Centre and
Riverside. This
comprises of a
landscaped open
space around
iconic public
gathering facilities

DESIGN
PRINCIPLES

CREATE
CHARACTER
ZONES
A variety of
Character Zones
in Banyuhay
have been
created towards
shaping distinct
identities, themes
and functions for
different areas.

36
02.2
THE DESIGN

DESIGN
PRINCIPLES

STRENGTHEN
EDGES
The edges have
been
strengthened to
help revitalize
Pasig River. It will
evolve into a
vibrant place to
live, shop, work,
and play inviting
people to
pause and stroll
along its entire
length.

DESIGN
PRINCIPLES

LEGIBILITY

Nodes to be
also
interconnected
by secondary
roads and
green link
becomes the
major
pedestrian
access points to
different zones.

37
02.2
THE DESIGN

DESIGN
PRINCIPLES

ACTIVATE
PUBLIC REALM

As the key public

realm feature of
Banyuhay,
corridors have
been activated
with retail
frontages and
activity areas
complementing
the respective
zone character.

DESIGN
PRINCIPLES

INTEGRATE WITH
URBAN FABRIC

A key planning
objective is to
integrate
Banyuhay with its
surrounding urban
fabric by
accentuating the
connections with
adjacent
community and
neighbouring
areas .

38
02.2
THE DESIGN
DESIGN GUIDELINES

PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS AND DESIGN STANDARDS

A cleanup and remediation process should take place in treating the

contaminated land of the depot. Cleaning the site will remove the toxic wastes
present which pose a danger to the health of the existing and potential users.
After this process, the development of the proposed Business Park follows. The
Business Park will consist of a Mall, BPO offices, condominium, parking building,
vertical housing, open spaces and parks. The location of the site should take
advantage of its adjacency to the Pasig River. A waterfront development
should be implemented for the enhancement of the city image. The roads for
circulation and access are a major problem in the site. Road widening is
proposed to address this problem. Open spaces, parks and gardens will be
incorporated so as to develop a peaceful and relaxing environment. The
existing plants will be retained and additional native plants will be added for
aesthetic purposes and to serve as noise buffers up against the adjacent
residential area.

DECONTAMINATE
39
02.2
THE DESIGN
DESIGN GUIDELINES

A. General Guidelines
encouraged. The exterior character of all buildings
1. Each proposed building should have a distinct
should enhance pedestrian activity in their
architectural concept that is consistent in theme but
immediate vicinities.
rich in subtle variation.
3. Long unbroken building facades should be broken
2. Buildings within Business Park should be designed
up with architectural details. Facades with varied
to provide a clear, unified, and easily identifiable
front setbacks are encouraged to provide visual
image. Methods to achieve this include using similar
interest.
architectural styles and materials, complementary
4. Rear and side wall elevations should provide
roof forms, signs, colors, and decorative pavement.
building offsets and architectural details similar to
3. All buildings should relate visually to one another, be
the front facade.
compatible with adjacent buildings, and not
5. Entrances to individual buildings should be readily
obscure desirable views, such as the Pasig River,
identifiable to visitors through the use of recesses or
from nearby proposed buildings.
pop-outs, roof elements, columns, or other
4. Encouraged architectural qualities and design
architectural elements.
elements for business park buildings are:
D. Roofs
a. Building modulation indentations and
architectural details; 1. Roofs should be integral to the architectural theme

b. Building entry accentuation; of business park buildings and contribute to the

visual continuity. Rooflines of business park buildings
c. Screening of equipment and storage areas; and
d. Landscaping to soften building exteriors and should include variations to avoid long, continuous

buffer between uses. planes.

2. Rooftops should be considered as design elements

B. Height and Mass
from various viewpoints: at ground level, from other
The height and mass of business park buildings
should consider the visual and physical relationship to buildings, and from adjacent perimeter roadways.

adjacent uses. A structure that dominates its environment Mixing roof forms on buildings creates variety in the

by its relativesize is strongly discouraged. “roofscape.” Roofs should also be interesting when
seen from above in higher buildings.
1. The mass of a larger building should be broken down
3. Rooftop equipment should be screened from view
into a group of buildings clustered into traditional
on all four sides by architectural features integrated
building compounds or a campus setting to create
with the design of the building.
a sense of community and shelter.
4. Roof design shall allow solar panels to be
2. Building design should employ clean, simple,
integrated into the roof design, flush with the roof
geometric forms and coordinated massing to
slope. Building orientation and shading design
produce overall unity, scale, and interest.
should minimize solar gain and maximize daylight
3. Varying building heights/massing and setbacks to
harvesting.
define different functions such as offices
E. Materials and Color
and warehousing is encouraged.
1. Roof design shall allow solar panels to be integrated
C. Building Design
into the roof design, flush with the roof slope. Building
1. Variety in building forms should be employed to
orientation and shading design should minimize solar
create visual character and interest.
gain and maximize daylight harvesting.
2. Facades with a high level of visual interest from both
vehicular and pedestrian viewpoints are

40
02.2
THE DESIGN
2. Materials should be chosen to withstand abuse by
vandals or accidental damage by machinery. False
facades and other simulated materials and
ornamentation are discouraged.
3. Clear or lightly tinted low-e glass (glazing) should be
used, particularly at pedestrian levels where
transparency between indoor and outdoor spaces is
desirable.
4. The uses of various siding material (i.e. masonry,
concrete texturing, cement, or plaster to produce
effects of texture and relief that provide architectural
interest) are encouraged.
5. Storage containers or accessory structures shall be
architecturally treated on all four exterior sides of the
building.
6. Storage containers or accessory structures shall be
architecturally treated on all four exterior sides of the
building.
7. The use of compatible colors in a single facade or
composition is required. Compatible colors add
interest and variety while reducing building scale
and breaking up plain walls.
8. A color palette should be used on business park
buildings to help reduce their perceived size.
Contrasting trim and color bands that help break up
the vertical monotony of flat walls are encouraged.
9. Brightly colored and highly reflective roof surfaces,
including unpainted galvanized metal roofing and
illuminated roofing, are prohibited.
F. Parking and Circulation
A fundamental development objective for all sites is the
safe and efficient movement of vehicles and pedestrians
with the least amount of impact to the surrounding
properties.
1. Sufficient paved, off-street parking shall be provided
onsite with assigned spaces that are compliant with
the National Building Code of the Philippines. No
required parking shall be permitted on any public
street or access road or at any place other than the
paved parking spaces provided.
2. Parking shall be designed to minimize conflicts
DESIGN GUIDELINES
between automobiles and pedestrians and create a
clearly organized system of entrances, driveways,
and parking lots, while still providing adequate and
convenient parking spaces.
3. Vehicular access to any site shall be designed to
encourage an efficient, smooth flow of traffic in
relationship to other driveways, street curvature, site
distances, median cuts, and other common traffic
engineering criteria. Paved areas and curb cuts
should be minimized.
4. Parking lots and driveways shall be designed for
sufficient movement to avoid conflict with vehicular
traffic in the street.
5. “Gated parking” is discouraged but if required shall
be designed to prevent traffic queuing onto a public
street.
6. Access for each site shall be determined in concert
with the business park’s overall traffic circulation,
capacity needs, and requirements. Full movement
access points on arterial streets shall be located a
minimum of 800 feet from a signalized intersection.
7. Pedestrian circulation should be physically
separated from vehicular circulation as much as
possible to reduce traffic hazards and make the
pedestrian system safer, more efficient, and visually
attractive.
8. Intersections where pedestrian routes cross
vehicular traffic are critical areas and should be
clearly marked for visual identification by both
motorists and pedestrians.
9. At least one sidewalk connection between the
building and the perimeter street is required. Large
parking areas shall have sidewalk connections to the
building entries or ground plaza areas.
10.Commuter bicycle accessibility to and within the
business park is encouraged. Bicycle storage facilities
should be provided.
11.Parking structures should be designed as integral
components of the overall design of the specific
project with related materials and forms
incorporated in both the parking structure and the
buildings served.
41
02.2
THE DESIGN
12.Adjacent properties should be adequately screened
from the parking structures and lots.
13.The design of surface parking lot lighting fixtures shall
be compatible with the architecture used in the
development and not be on poles over 25 feet high.
14.In public parking lots, a higher foot-candle level
should be provided at vehicle driveways, entry throats,
pedestrian paths, plaza areas, and other activity
areas.
15.Parking and security lights will not be obtrusive to
neighboring residential properties.
16.Parking and security lights will not be obtrusive to
neighboring residential properties.
G. Landscaping
1. Landscaping shall preserve and protect the special
attributes of the area and minimize adverse effects on
the natural environment to the greatest extent
possible. Regionally appropriate landscape treatments
are encouraged to create a continuous
landscape character throughout the business park.
2. Landscaping should be in scale with adjacent
buildings and be of an appropriate size at maturity to
accomplish its intended purpose.
3. Elements such as trellises, arcades, terraces, and
patios should be utilized to provide transitional spaces
between the interior and exterior of buildings. These
elements should utilize colors and materials that unify
architectural themes
4. Landscaping should be used to define areas such as
entrances to buildings and parking lots, provide
transition between neighboring properties (buffering),
and provide screening for outdoor storage, loading
and equipment areas.
5. A minimum of 50% of the area should have shade
coverage at tree maturity. Maintenance trimming must
comply with these requirements.
6. Landscaping within courtyards and patios should
include a balance of hardscape and softscape
materials.
7. All metal planters or accessory features shall be
powder-coated galvanized metal.
DESIGN GUIDELINES
8. Landscaping around the entire base of the building
softens the edge between the parking lot and
building and is encouraged.
9. Pedestrian areas shall identified and
accentuated be by distinct paving
materials, incorporating canopied trees,
and extensive groundcover plantings.
10.A 6-foot or larger landscape strip should be
provided between parking areas and the office (front)
portion of a structure, including a 6” curb. The use of
drought-tolerant trees, shrubs, and groundcovers is
encouraged.
11.A minimum 24” box tree shall be planted throughout,
to establish a mature look at initial planting, except at
entries and accent points where a minimum 48” box
tree shall be used.
12.Trees in paved areas should be provided with “deep
root” barriers, deep root automatic irrigation, and
expandable metal tree grates of adequate size. Root
barriers shall be of a material specifically
designed for containing tree roots. Irrigation shall be
adapted for deep watering.
13.Use of landscape elements adjacent to walls is
encouraged in business park areas to reduce their
visual impact and opportunities for graffiti.
14.Landscaping should be protected from vehicular
encroachment by raised planting surfaces or the use of
curbs.
15.Parking areas should be well-lit and well
landscaped to create the appearance of “cars in a
forest” rather than trees in a parking lot.
16.Continuous planting strips should be provided between
every other row of parking. The strip should be a
minimum of 5’ wide not including a 6” high curb with a
12” wide concrete strip on both sides (8’ gross width).
17.Surface parking areas adjacent to primary
circulation corridors shall be screened and/or buffered
with a combination of landscape planting, berms, and
fencing.
18.Landscaped areas should provide sufficient
clearance to fire protection features (i.e.
42
02.2
THE DESIGN
DESIGN GUIDELINES

connections, hydrants, and backflow preventers). In
hydrant locations, the canopy height of trees should
be a minimum 6 feet and the clearance radius
around the hydrant should be a minimum of 3 feet.
New planting around fire hydrants shall provide a
minimum of seven feet clearance to allow for plant
growth.
H. Lighting
Landscaped areas should provide sufficient
clearance to fire protection features (i.e. connections,
hydrants, and backflow preventers). In hydrant locations,
the canopy height of trees should be a minimum 6 feet and
the clearance radius around the hydrant should be a
minimum of 3 feet. New planting around fire hydrants shall
provide a minimum of seven feet clearance to allow for
plant growth.
1. The visual impact and amount of spillover light
should be minimized for surrounding uses. High-
mounted, widely spaced pole fixtures that illuminate
large areas from a single source are prohibited.
2. Lighting fixture placement should provide
the appropriate illumination for outdoor
parking, shipping
areas such as and receiving, pedestrian
walkways, and work areas.
3. If business park activities and operations occur during
the night, low-level lighting versus high mast lighting
should be provided at driveway entrances.
4. Light spread should be confined to site boundaries.
ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING
A. User Analysis
the community will have a cleaner
environment because of the sustainability
advocacy of the proposal. On the other hand
the community fully cooperates with the
development by supporting the advocacy.
2. Potential Users
a. The Developer:
- These users will be in charge of the development
phase of the project. These people include the
companies who will facilitate the brownfield
redevelopment, the development of the
Business Park and the
company for financial support. Also, the
workers for the construction phase are involved
here.
b. The Owner:
- The owner is the one who will finance the
proposal. Adequate space for the owner should
be considered.
c. The Facilitator:
- Since the proposal is a complex development, the
facilitator will be the head that will implement
the proposal for the whole development.
d. Person with Disability (PWD)
- The proponents must consider the space
allocation for the PWDs. Standard sizes of each
facility must be observed. (see B.P 344
Accessibility Law).

1. Existing User
e. Consumers
a. Community of Pandacan: - These are the people who will purchase the
- These are the existing people using the site to
services of the proposed Business Park. These
be studied. These are the ones to be served
are the ones who will serve as the market of the
by the development primarily, the
business area which will make the project
residents of Pandacan, Manila. The
feasible
development and the people are dependent
to each other in a way that the development
will provide an opportunity in ensuring that

43 37
02.3
THE MASTER PLAN

44
02.3
THE MASTER PLAN

TRAFFIC STUDY -
MACRO

SITE

7 major transport corridor are

identified to assure that the
impact on the lives of Metro
Manilans are more substantial.
Source:
Metro Manila Devt. Authority -
Traffic &Transport Management
Program

TRAFFIC STUDY -
MACRO

SITE

45
02.3
THE MASTER PLAN

TRAFFIC FLOW

SITE ACCESS
TRAIN STATION

BANYUHAY FERRY STATION

FUTURE ACCESS
MAJOR TRAFFIC
ROUTES BOTH
DIRECTIONS
MABINI BRIDGE SECONDARY TRAFFIC
ROUTES BOTH
DIRECTION
PEDESTRIAN SITE ACCESS

PADRE JACINTO
ZAMORA BRIDGE

DISTRICT

SITE ACCESS
DROP OFF
FUTURE ACCESS
MAIN TRAFFIC
ROUTES
DIRECTION
MAIN TRAFFIC
ROUTES OPPOSITE
DIRECTION
SECONDARY TRAFFIC
ROUTE DIRECTION

SECONDARY TRAFFIC
ROUTE OPPOSITE
DIRECTION

46
02.3
THE MASTER PLAN

TRAFFIC FLOW

TRAFFIC FLOW

47
02.3
THE MASTER PLAN

TRAFFIC FLOW

OTHER MEANS OF
PUBLIC ACCESS

Existing
Ferry Station

48
02.3
THE MASTER PLAN

OTHER MEANS OF
From PUBLIC ACCESS
LRT 2 Pureza Station

Pureza Metro Station

Proposed
Pedestrian Bridge

Pureza St.

OTHER MEANS OF
PUBLIC ACCESS

Linear park
270 mts
(Approx. 5 mins. walk)

For sale open yard.

Potential shortcut pedestrian
link

49
02.3
THE MASTER PLAN

OTHER MEANS OF
PUBLIC ACCESS

From
PNR Station

DIAGRAM

DISTRICTS

ROADS

OPEN SPACES

50
02.3
THE MASTER PLAN

ZONING MAP

51
02.3
THE MASTER PLAN

OPEN SPACES

Secondar
yEntranc
e

• Bicycle Lane
• Green Space
• Inviting views
towards outdoor amenities

OPEN SPACES

Central Plaza

• Heart of the
Banyuhay Dev’t.

• A place to
celebrate
Pandacan Festival

• A green plaza
in support to
Manila Gov’t Greener
City.

52
02.3
THE MASTER PLAN

OPEN SPACES

Courtyard and
Linkage to canal

• Active Canal atmosphere

• Outdoor Social gathering
• Seating spaces / Café

OPEN SPACES

• An active esplanade •Two pedestrian link bridges were

• Place for interaction and physical activities introduced
• Greeneries and refreshing atmosphere • Pop-up kiosk and eating areas.
• Residential and commercial area frontage.

53
02.3
THE MASTER PLAN
SECTION

SECTION

54
02.3
THE MASTER PLAN

SECTION

SECTIONS

Canal Frontage Courtyard

Open spaces

55
02.3
THE MASTER PLAN

56
02.4
THE MOOD

57
02.4
MOOD IMAGES

EXPERIENCE

CHARACTER

58
02.4
MOOD IMAGES

FACADE

GATEWAY

59
02.4
MOOD IMAGES

AXIS

MAIN PARKS

60
02.4
MOOD IMAGES

PROMENADE

URBAN
DISTRICTS
DETAILS
AND WAYFINDING

61
02.4
MOOD IMAGES

LIGHTING

PANDACAN CULTURAL & CIVIC CENTER

62
02.4
MOOD IMAGES

PANDACAN OFFICE DISTRICT

PANDACAN RIVERSIDE PARK

63
02.4
MOOD IMAGES

TRANSITION SPACES

The Walking Tour (Lakbay Kamalaysayan) : Samahan ng Sining at Kultura ng Pandacan

TRANSITION SPACES

64
02.5UTILITIES,
TECHNOLOGY &
INNOVATION

65
02.5
UTILITIES, TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION

SOIL TREATMENT

Remediation refers to removing, degrading or transforming contaminants to harmless

or less harmful substances. Additionally, it include methods that reduce mobility and
migration of the contaminants, preventative their spreading to uncontaminated areas;
toxicity of the contaminants remains unaltered, but the risk they pose to the
environment is reduced. For the treatment of contaminated soil physiochemical and
biological treatment is used. The physiochemical treatments are incineration, thermal
desorption, coker, cement kin, solvent extraction and land filling etc.

Microbial remediation of a contaminated site is accomplished with the help of a

diverse group of microorganisms, particularly the indigenous bacteria present in soil.
These microorganisms can degrade a wide range of target constituents presents in oily
sludge.

Petroleum oil degradation by bacteria can occur under both aerobic and anaerobic
conditions. In general aerobic metabolism of hydrocarbons requires oxygenase
enzymes which incorporate molecular oxygen into the reduced subtrate.

Source: Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology by Academia Journals Inc, 2011

02.5
UTILITIES, TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION

WASTE
MANAGEMENT

Metro Manila Landfills:

Unusable in 18 years

According to the report, the waste generated by the National Capital

Region increased by about 450,000 cubic meters, equivalent to some
75,000 truckloads of trash.
The MMDA had to haul 10.72 million cubic meters of trash in 2016
compared to just 10.27 million cubic meters in 2015.

These disposal facilities will be unusable by the following years:

•Quezon City Sanitary Land Fill - 2021
•Navotas Sanitary Land Fill - 2026
•Rizal Provincial Sanitary Landfill - 2037

Local Ordinances

PD 856- Code on Sanitation

•Markets
• Suitability of site condition to avoid contamination.
• Availability of ample water supply for cleaning.
• Accessibility of drainage facilities.
• Facilities for sanitation maintenance (cleaning and elimination of
harborages of vermin).
PD 825- Providing penalty for improper disposal of garbage and other forms
of uncleanliness and for other purposes.
• All residential and all other establishments of any kind shall undertake the
cleaning of their own surroundings, their yards, gardens, canals, roads or
streets on their immediate premises.
• All garbages, filth and other waste matters, shall be placed in proper
receptacles for the disposition thereof by the garbage collectors.
02.5
UTILITIES, TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION

WASTE MANAGEMENT
MATERIAL RECOVERY FACILITY
Republic Act 9003
“Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000”

Section 32. Establishment of LGU Materials Recovery Facility. - There shall be

established a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) in every barangay or cluster
of barangays. The facility shall be established in a barangay-owned or -
leased land or any suitable open space to be determined by the barangay
through its Sanggunian. For this purpose, the barangay or cluster of
barangays shall allocate a certain parcel of land for the MRF. The MRF shall
receive mixed waste for final sorting, segregation, composting, and
recycling. The resulting residual wastes shall be transferred to a long term
storage or disposal facility or sanitary landfill.

Section 33. Guidelines for Establishment of Materials Recovery Facility -

Materials recovery facilities shall be designed to receive, sort, process and
store compostable and recyclable material efficiently and in an
environmentally sound manner. The facility shall address the following
considerations:
(a) The building and/or land layout and equipment must be designed to
accommodate efficient and safe materials processing, movement, and
storage; and
(b) The building must be designed to allow efficient and safe external
access and to accommodate internal flow.
02.5
UTILITIES, TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION

WASTE
MANAGEMENT
02.5
UTILITIES, TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION

WASTE
MANAGEMENT

• Clean Type of MRFs to be

implemented on the
development.
02.5
UTILITIES, TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION

WASTE WATER
TREATMENT
Membrane Bio-Reactor

Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) is a process that combines a membrane ultra /

micro filtration process and activated sludge process. (The MBR process is
used in place of the secondary sedimentation tank and sand filter used for
tertiary treatment in the conventional activated sludge process.) Hitachi
Aqua-Tech Membrane Sewage Treatment Plant provides features such as
space saving, easy operation and high quality treated water which is
reusable. In addition, advanced treatment of nitrogen and phosphorus
removal can be achieved by anoxic / aerobic treatment.

•Simple and high-performance PVDF flat sheet type membrane

•Air is constantly diffused from beneath the bottom of membrane module
•Movable unit easy installation
•Modular design
•Minimise site construction works

Source: www.hitachi-aqt.com
02.5
UTILITIES, TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION

WASTE WATER TREATMENT

Membrane Bio-Reactor

Underground Membrane Bioreactor (MBR)

02.5
UTILITIES, TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION

FLOOD BARRIER

The Self Closing Flood Barrier has been in use globally since 1998. Its design
uses the approaching floodwaters to automatically raise the barrier. The
automatic operation, along with its minimal footprint with no need for steps
or ramps makes this type of defense ideal for unmanned sites, for where
aesthetic considerations mean that a permanent barrier is not acceptable,
or where there would be insufficient warning and manpower to use
manually installed barriers.

Single barriers are available up to 10m in length and 2.5m in height.

Multiple units can be linked together to create long runs where required,
with permanent or removable intermediate posts.

The barrier usually resides below ground in a vertical position within a steel
or concrete trough. The barrier consists of a rigid foam core and a GRP
outer layer. When floodwater rises to a pre-determined level, the water
spills into service pit and then through a pipe into the trough and causes
the barrier to float and raise fully. When the trough is filled, an angled
support block locks the barrier into place, sealing it and making it
watertight. The barrier is now fully effective and watertight to its full height.

As the floodwater recedes, the barrier lowers to its resting position again.
The trough can be ‘pumped out’ also to lower the barrier before the
adjacent
groundwater levels recede fully.

Source: www.floodcontrolinternational.com
02.5
UTILITIES, TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION

RAINWATER HARVESTING &

LANDSCAPING IRRIGATION

Aquascape Rainwater Harvesting

System
The Aquascape Rainwater
Harvesting System adds the beauty
of a water feature to a rain water
collection system for capturing,
filtering, and reusing water
resource . Accessing the stored
underground rainwater for reuse is
easy as connecting a hose to a
spigot. A small water pump is
connected to the stored rain water Smart Irrigation Technology
making it convenient for watering Smart Irrigation technology can
landscape. cut use of water for irrigation by
https://www.aquascapesofmichian Aas much as 50 %.
a.com/blog/rain-water-harvesting-
aquascape-rainxchange-system/ https://www.jovoto.com/projects/greenp
eacechallenge/ideas/32337
02.5
UTILITIES, TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION

URBAN FURNITURE
BICYCLE PARKING POD

Conceptual design of the system-modular municipal bicycle parking

lot. The parking design takes up the chaos of existing bicycle parking
lots. The guiding idea of the adopted solution was to create a modern
and modular urban furniture that would become a symbol of the
campaign promoting an ecological lifestyle, which includes Cycling. In
addition to an aesthetic bicycle parking lot, the facility could serve as a
green pot, benches and would contain a place for a vending machine
and advertising, which are integrated into the facility in an organized
manner.

Source: http://www.menthol.pl/pl/pl_100_bikepark.php
02.5
UTILITIES, TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION

URBAN FURNITURE
CITY LIGHT STREET LAMP

CITYLIGHT is a hybrid urban illumination system driven by two distinct

sources: human-power and electricity. The lamp uses energy saving LED
as light source to replace traditional bulbs. Located in public areas, the
lamps are connected to outdoor fitness facilities which carry and transfer
human power generated to the light system. The interactive linear lighting
pattern in the central of the pole indicates if the LED lamp is being
charged by human-power and presents current battery status, which
encourages people to participate the green exercise. A monitor located
on the pole displays the calories burned and the duration of lighting
contributed by individual's exercise. This concept could save a significant
amount of public energy spending with utilizing human kinetic energy. In
addition, by motivating and emphasizing a healthier life style for
individuals, CITYLIGHT also enhances community’s awareness of green
energy.

Source: https://www.treehugger.com/clean-technology/street-lamp-
and-fitness-equipment-blend-smart-lighting-concept.html
02.5
UTILITIES, TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION

TRANSPORATION

Automated Electric Vehicle

GRT vehicles are automated

minibuses accommodating 22
Modernized PUV passengers (8 seated, 14 standing).
The maximum speed is 60km/hr and
PUV Modernization Program of are unique as they are the only
the Philippine Government autonomous vehicles that are bi-
envisions a restructured, modern, directional and feature doors on
well-managed, and both sides. The GRT vehicle allows for
environmentally sustainable easy access through accurate
transport sector where drivers docking at the stations, enabled by
and operators have stable, the ‘crabbing’ capability of the front
sufficient, and dignified and rear wheel steering.
livelihoods while commuters get
to their destinations quickly, Source:
safely, and comfortably. https://www.2getthere.eu/grt-
vehicle-automated-minibus/
02.5
UTILITIES, TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION

WINDOWS/CURTAIN WALL

COST EFFECTIVE LIGHTING CONTROL

Glass creates a window to the outside world and as importantly allows solar
illumination for the inside of the building.

The problem is that without some type of control the external light can
increase the temperature in the building, specially during the summer
months, creating additional burden on the building’s cooling systems.

Electrochromic Dynamic glass allows the transparency of the glass to be

controlled. This is not only important from a glare control point of view, but
also from a solar heat gain (Increase in temperature due to the infra-red
rays entering into the room).

Electrochromic Dynamic glass can be set to fully transparent during the

winter for maximum light and heat transmission and tinted during the
summer to reduce light and heat gain. The glass can also be set to any
level of tinting in between.

In addition, Electrochromic Dynamic glass has excellent thermal insulating

capabilities, providing better insulation with a single pane of glass than
traditional low e dual pane windows. This simplifies installation, reduces
weight and significantly reduces the cost of implementing dynamic glass
when compared to existing technologies.

Source: www.britesolar.com
02.5
UTILITIES, TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION

WINDOWS/CURTAIN WALL

The Dubai Frame is an impressive

rectangular picture-frame shaped building,
150 meters tall (492 Ft) and 105 meters wide
(344 Ft), located in the Zabeel Park in
Dubai. Its strategic location provides over 2
million visitors with spectacular views of the
city’s other architectural jewels, framed on
the horizon. It has been considered one of
the world’s new attractions of the recent
years, and one of the most original
skyscrapers. Onyx Solar supplied gold-color
photovoltaic glass for its rainscreen
cladding system
Source: www.onyxsolar.com

PV Glass is used as a building material plus as an energy-generating device,

capturing the sunlight and transforming it into electricity. It is made of two or
more panes of heat treated, safety glass, and it provides the same thermal
and sound insulation, and natural light as a conventional architectural
glass. Thus, it is installed in lieu of conventional glass on
building facades, curtain walls, atriums, canopies and terrace floor, among
others.

By providing the same thermal performance as a conventional glass, along

with clean, free electricity from the sun, buildings can drastically improve
their energy efficiency, decrease O&M costs, and reduce their carbon
footprint.

Applicable in:

SKYLIGHT
CURTAIN WALL
CANOPY
SPANDREL
VENTILATED FAÇADE AND ROOF
FLOOR
URBAN FURNITURE
Source: www.onyxsolar.com
03
CONCLUSION

CREATIVE
INTEGRATIVE..
INTERDISCIPLINARY.
ACTION-ORIENTED.

As Urban Designers we should envision the four-dimensional future of

cities, including the crucial dimension of time.
The approach of place-making should be – creative, integrative,
interdisciplinary, and action-oriented, especially when it comes to one of
the most pressing challenges of the 21st century: the making of cities in
ways that help people flourish.

80
 04
RECOMMENDATIONS

Further studies on addressing the main challenges of the

site:
• Complete decontamination of the site engaging the
different disciplines.
• More than planners, architects and engineers, but other
fields such as environmentalist, health practitioners,
wellness experts, etc.
• A more detailed needs analysis, elaborating on
research in economic viability and projections on user
quality and quantities to arrive to a more accurate
project program.
• Assimilation of the project design to local government
policies and the community.
• Dialogs and collaboration to arrive to the most
responsive urban design solutions for the project.

81
05
Appendix

THE INTERVIEW/SURVEY
QUESTIONNAIRES

82
05
Appendix

THE INTERVIEW/SURVEY
QUESTIONNAIRES

83
05
Appendix

THE INTERVIEW/SURVEY
QUESTIONNAIRES

84
05
Appendix

THE DUBAI TEAM

1. Baidiangao, Rhodem Dennis R.

2. Buraga, Larry
3. Cabral, Francis
4. Cantos, Hazel
5. Cureg, Hector
6. Figuracion, Vlademir C.
7. Gonzales, Eugene Norman N.
8. Halili, Aaron Paul M.
9. Lopez, Jeffrey
10. Maramag, Robert Andre
11. Martinez, Paulo T.
12. Nery, Jullee Ann C.
13. Pasturan-Cimafranca, Julie Ann
14. Santiago, Louise
15. Thapa, Sudhir

Special Thanks to Arch Irene Florendo for guiding us in finishing the

Study/Project.

85