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Martin Luther King Jr. Day

Martin Luther King Jr. was born on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. He was the
son of a pastor and, just like his father, he also wanted to be a pastor. He studied
Theology in several institutions and in 1947 he was ordained. However , he just
became minister of a Baptist Church in 1954.
King's civil right career started in 1955 when he led the Montgomery Bus Boycott, a
political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the
public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. In 1957, he organized the Southern
Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), which gave him a base to pursue further
civil-rights activities, first in the South and later nationwide.
He helped to organize the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, which took
place on Wednesday, August 28, 1963. This event was one of the most influential
political rallies for human rights in United States history and called for civil and
economic rights for African Americans. It was on this day that Martin Luther King
delivered his most famous speech: "I have a Dream". In this 17-minute speech, King
called for an end to racism in the United States.
Due to Martin Luther King's constant work on combating racial inequality through
nonviolence, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. On April 4, 1968, he was
shot and killed as he stood on th balcony of the Lorraine Motel - now a National Civil
Rights Museum - in Menphis, Tennessee.
The idea of Martin Luther King, Jr. Day as a holiday was promoted by labor unions in
contract negotiations. At first, the idea of a national holiday to honor a private citizen
was considered contrary to America's longstanding tradition. After a lot of debates, the
Mrtin Luther King Jr. Day was approved in 1983 but it was first observed on January
20, 1986. At first, some states resisted observing the holiday as such, giving it
alternative names or combining it with other holidays. It was officially observed in all 50
states for the first time in 2000.
On Martin Luther King Day (MLK Day) small companies, such as grocery stores and
restaurants tend to be open, although a growing number are choosing to close on this
day. Recent federal legislation encourages Americans to give some of their on Martin
Luther King Day as volunteers in citizen action groups.
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Responda as questões. (Pode ser em inglês ou Português)

1- Anualmente, quando o Martin Luther King Day é celebrado nos Estados Unidos?

2- Qual era a profissão do pai de Martin Luther King Jr.?

3- Quando ele realmente se tornou pastor em uma igreja?

4- Em que ano teve início a luta de Martin Luther King pelos direitos civis no Estados

Unidos?

5- Qual foi o primeiro movimento liderado por ele?

6- Em qual movimento (evento) ele proferiu seu mais famoso discurso?

7- Qual foi o principal tema desse discurso?

8- Que prêmio ele recebeu no ano de 1964?

9- Quatro anos após ele receber esse prêmio, o que aconteceu com Martin Luther

King?

10- O local no qual ele foi assassinado é o que hoje em dia?

11- Inicialmente, por que muitos se colocaram contra Martin Luther King Day ser um

feriado nacional?

12- Em que ano foi aprovada a ideia de tornar feriado nacional o Martin Luther King

Day?

13- Em que ano todos os 50 estados americanos passaram a reconhecer o Martin

Luther King Day como um feriado nacional?

14- Que tipos de comércio costumam abrir neste dia?

15- O que as recentes leis federais americanas incentivam a população a fazer nesse

feriado?