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EXTRACTION
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Arvin Dalida

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Extraction is a common
technique used in organic
chemistry to isolate a target
compound.

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Liquid-liquid extractions using
a separatory funnel are
essentially the only kind of
extraction performed in the
organic teaching labs.
Liquid-liquid means that two
liquids are used in the extraction
procedure. The liquids must be
immiscible: this means that they
will form two layers when added
together, like oil and water.

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How todo
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Extraction?

1. Support the separatory

funnel in a ring clamp on a ring
stand. Ring clamps come in many
sizes. Make sure the stopcock of
the separatory funnel is closed.

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2. Place a stemmed funnel in the
neck of the separatory funnel.
Add the liquid to be extracted,
then add the extraction solvent.
The total volume in the
separatory funnel should not be
greater than three-quarters of the
funnel volume.

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3. Insert the stopper in

the neck of the
separatory funnel.

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4. Pick up the separatory

funnel with the stopper
in place and the stopcock
closed, and rock it once
gently.

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5. Point the stem up and
slowly open the stopcock to
release excess pressure.
Close the stopcock. Repeat
this procedure until only a
small amount of pressure is
released when it is vented.

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6. to the
Shake editfunnel
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vigorously for
a few seconds. Release the
pressure, then again shake
vigorously. About 30 sec total
vigorous shaking is usually
sufficient to allow solutes to come
to equilibrium between the two
solvents. Vent frequently to
prevent pressure buildup, which
can cause the stopcock and
perhaps hazardous chemicals
from blowing out. Take special
care when washing acidic
solutions with bicarbonate or
carbonate since this produces a
large volume of CO2 gas. 9
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7. Put the funnel back into

the ring and let it rest
undisturbed until the layers
are clearly separated. While
waiting, remove the stopper
and place a beaker or flask
under the sep funnel.

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8. Carefully open the
stopcock and allow the lower
layer to drain into the flask.
Drain just to the point that
the upper liquid barely
reaches the stopcock.

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Why is extraction important in organic
chemistry?

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