DECISION MAKING AND SOME

CONSTRUCTION PROBLEM

WELCOME TO CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

DECISION MAKING
▪ Decision making is the fundamental process of management. Most of the efforts of
managers are related to this process . Unfortunately decision do not always turn out
as planned.
▪ Who makes decision ? Only executive makes decision. This is by virtue of his
position or authority.
▪ Decision making is only one of Project manager tasks. Its is but small fraction of his
time . But to make decisions is his specific.
▪ There are times that you as a supervisory level, you make decisions prior to your
position level and specific under scope of work.
EFFECTIVE DECISIONS
▪ What is Decisions?
- Decisions is a judgement. It a choice between alternatives. It is rarely choice
between right or wrong. It is the best choice between almost right and probably
wrong.
▪ Effective Manager knows that unless decision has degenerated into work. It is not
decision, it is at best good intention. While the decision itself is based on the
highest level conceptual understanding , the action to carry out should be as close
as possible to the working level and as simple as possible.
▪ The main task of a manager is not administration. It is the making policy , the
making of the right decision for all.
▪ Decision vs Disagreement
THE EFFECTIVE MANAGER
▪ Effective managers are expected to make effective decisions. Decisions with significant
impact on the entire organization , its performance and results , defines the manager.
▪ Effective managers does not make a great many decisions. He concentrates on the
important ones.
▪ Effective managers know that a decision must be based on principle and should be made
on the merits of the case.
▪ Effective managers insist on alternatives, so that he can choose the appropriate one.
▪ Effective decision maker constantly monitors the result of the decision to ascertain that the
desired objectives have been achieved.If they are not its restart and reveal the ff
- 1. An error in the actual implantation
- 2.An error in calculation
DECISION PROCESS
▪ DECISION PROCESS STEPS
1. Identify the problem
2. Specify objectives and the decision criteria
3. Develop alternatives
4. Analyze and compare alternatives
5. Select the best alternative
6. Implement the chosen alternative
7. Monitor results to ensure then desired results are achieved.
COMMON CRITERIA OFTEN
RELATE TO,
1. CAPITAL
2. TIME
3. PROFITS
4. MAINTENANCE
5. RETURN OF INVESTMENTS
6. INCREASE IN COST
7. RISKS
REASONS WHY MANAGER
INSIST ON DISAGREEMENT
BEFORE DECISION MAKING
▪ 1. It is only the safeguard against the decision makers becoming the hostage of the
organization.
▪ 2. DISAGREEMENT alone can provide alternatives to a decisions.
▪ 3. DISAGREEMENT is needed to stimulate the imagination.

REASONS FOR POOR DECISIONS

1. Errors made in the decision process
2. Bounded rationality
3. SUB-OPTIMISM
ELEMENTS OF DECISION
PROCESS
▪ THERE ARE FIVE ELEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF DECISION MAKING
1. See if the problem was generic and could only be solved through a decision
established by a rule or principle.
2. Define the specifications which the answer to the problem had to satisfy , that is ,
of the boundary conditions.
3. The thinking through what is right, that is , the solution which will satisfy the
specification before attention is given to the compromises, adaptations, and the
concessions needed to make the decision acceptable.
4. The building into the decision of the action to carry out.
5. The feedback, which test the validity and effectiveness of the decision gainst the
actual course of events.
SECOND ELEMENT IN THE
DECISION PROCESSIS CLEAR
SPECIFICATION AS TO
1. What the decisions has to accomplish?
2. What are the objectives , the decision has to reach?
3. What are the minimum goals it has to attain?
4. What are the conditions it ha to satisfy?
BUDGETING THE TIME
▪ Effective managers know that time is a limiting factor.
▪ TIME is a unique resource.
▪ TIME is absolutely irreplaceable.
▪ TIME spent working with the people.
▪ TIME wastes is often result from over staffing.

MEETING means…..
FIRST thing FIRSTS…
EMPLOYEE DISCIPLINE
▪ DISCIPLINE is a means that management uses to bring employees behavior under
control.

Control within this context has three major dimensions

1. As a means of establishing awareness on the part of the employees regarding the
proper behavior , attitude and conducts their jobs.
2. As a means of establishing an atmosphere conducive to working together
efficiently.
3. As a means of correcting or reforming employees who commit any infraction or
violation of the company rules and regulations.
PRINCIPLE OF DISCIPLINE
▪ 1. Disciplinary actions should not be taken unless there is an obvious necessity for it.

▪ 2. The reasons for disciplinary action should be made.

▪ 3. Give the man a chance to present his side of the story and do not argue

▪ 4. There should be no favoritism or discrimination in any disciplinary actions.

▪ 5. Reprimand should be given as soon as possible after the occurrence of the act. Right
timing is important but first have all the facts.
▪ 6. Forgive and forget. When disciplinary has been given , the supervisor should resume a
normal attitude toward the offending employee.
▪ 7. Never discipline anyone in the presence of others

▪ 8. The discipline that is inflicted must be just, but sufficiently severe to meet the
requirements of the situation.
PRINCIPLE OF DISCIPLINE
▪ 9. Disciplinary measure should be applied by the immediate superior of the employee
affected, rather than by some other higher executive.
▪ 10. In general , negative disciplinary action cannot be successfully applied to a large
group of the employees representing a substantial potion of one organization.
▪ 11. In determining the nature and degree of disciplinary action that is made necessary by
some improper act of an employee , the intent should be considered.
▪ 12. Discipline should be constructive.
▪ 13. Except in case of extremely serious offenses, no disciplinary action should be
permitted to take place until the supervisor has actually talked the situation over with the
employee.
▪ 14. Discipline should not be administered on the entirely routine basis.
▪ 15. Maintain a constant and sincre interest in you people welfare on and off the job.
▪ 16. MOTIVATION is the secret of goof discipline.
 SOME PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED
IN CONSTRUCTION AND
RECCOMMENDATION IN STAGES
OF CONSTRUCTION
SUB_STRUCTURE STAGES
1. Site Clearing of the Ground
2. Site Lay-out and staking
3. Excavation
4. Compacting and Laying of PCC ( plain concrete cement )
5. Foundation Rebar and column starter bar
6. Concreting of foundation
7. Concreting of column and Bitumen Paint applicatiom
CONTINUATION..
▪ 8.Setting up perimeter Blocks
▪ 9.Backfilling and Compacting
▪ 10.Tie Beam reinforcement , grade slab and Concreting
▪ 11. Rebar works and concreting of columns
▪ 12.Beam and Slab works
▪ 13. CONTINIOUS Procedure until to meet topping off