JMJ Marist Brothers

Notre Dame of Marbel University

City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

The Significant Relationship of Colorful Background in PowerPoint Presentation

and Student Memory Retention

Submitted to:
Ms. Angeli Lou Orquia, RPm

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the
Experimental Psychology

Submitted by:
Ellyn Jell V. Ng
Janine Mae G. Padernilla

BA-Psychology 2
March 21, 2023
 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Chapter I: Introduction

A. Background of the study

PPT Presentation is a modern teaching technique that provides visually satisfying
slides that will make learning fun and engaging to the learners or audience. A strong
PowerPoint presentation background design will assist the presenter in maintaining
control of the students' attention since it can be more difficult to keep a student attentive
during a class. At the same time, it helps the teachers in their teaching methods in
multiple ways through the projection of color, images, and video for the visual mode;
sound and music for the auditory mode; text and writing prompts for the reading and
writing mode; and interactive slides that ask students to do an activity. Different fonts,
visual effects, and highlighting can help students learn new information quicker.

On the other hand, memory retention is the process of recalling previously taught
material; it also refers to the ability to remember information over a period of time. In
short, it is the process of retrieving information after it has been encoded and stored.
Every individual retains information in different ways. There’s no exact or definite rule as
to what works best for everyone, but the general consensus is that adults retain more
information if they see, hear, and do something. Despite the fact that human cognitive
system involves various processes such as memory, perception and attention, yet it
became fascinating area for many psycholinguists to investigate the association of color
and memory performance for the effective pedagogical implications. Thus, the purpose
of this study is to discover the significance of a colorful PowerPoint presentation
background on students' memory retention.
 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

B. Review of Related Literature

Humans rely heavily on their visual abilities because they allow us to recognize
risks, opportunities, and aesthetic experiences that are far away. Vision also allows us
to plan and carry out activities that will benefit others.  Visual perception is composed of
two essential components: visual analysis and visual perception.  according to one's
own perception (Tong, Nakayama, Vaughan, & Kanwisher, 1998).  scientific studies on
visual perception, the area of study that has received the most attention,  has been
given to visual examination of the senses.  Remembering involves classifying the past. 
experiences that serve as a foundation for executing future actions. Memory  can be
divided into groups according to the purpose and length of retention.

Retention is a component of memory that, simply put, involves the retention of

information in the brain for either a short or extended period of time (Cooper, Heron,
& Heward, 2007). In particular, sensory memory includes the few seconds that
come after an object is first perceived. A few seconds to a minute ago is all that short-
term memory can retain.

How may pleasant emotions be cultivated through the design of multimedia

learning resources, and can such happy feelings support learning? What effects do the
colors used in multimedia learning environments have on learning in particular? We are
only beginning to comprehend which specific emotions are being experienced by
learners, how these emotions affect important predictors of learning, such as students'
metacognition or interest, and how students' emotions develop and are fostered through
the learning process. Despite the fact that we are aware that learners experience a wide
range of emotions in academic settings that are related to academic achievement
(Pekrun, Goetz, Titz, & Perry, 2002), we are only beginning to understand which
specific emotions are being experienced by learners (Pekrun, 2005).
 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

The extent to which colors might enhance the connections between memories and
emotional excitation has been proven ( Eysenck and Keane, 2020 ). According to
research by Llinares et al. (2021) chilly wall colors have a better impact on
memorization and focus than warm colors in training environments. According to
research by Morita & Kambara (2021), solid colors aid in memorization more effectively
than blurred ones. Researchers looked at whether there were any connections between
visibility and perceptually homogenous color space, which can have a substantial
impact on focus and memorizing processes (Bruno et al., 2020).

Attention, from a psycholinguistic perspective, is an important field of research on

color association, concentration, and memory performance for the achievement of
effective pedagogical results. Numerous studies proved the importance of colors which
may bring working memory into operation in the learning process ( Cui et al., 2016;
Chang et al., 2018 ).

For the purpose of achieving successful instructional outcomes, attention is a

crucial area of research on color association, focus, and memory performance from a
psycholinguistic perspective. Many research (Cui et al., 2016; Chang et al., 2018)
demonstrated the significance of colors in the learning process and how they may
activate working memory.
 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

C. Statement of the Problem

The following questions aims to determine the effects of PPT background to the
memory retention of the students.

1. What do students think about the effectiveness of using colorful backgrounds in

PPT presentation in their memory retention?

2. Does PPT for teaching contribute to better learning and understanding of

students?

D. Hypotheses

Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between colorful background

powerpoint presentation and student memory retention

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a significant difference between colorful

background powerpoint presentation and student memory retention

E. Significance of the study

As to the Students, this study will help them understand the significance between
the colorful background in a PowerPoint presentation and memory retention.

As to the Parents, this study will help them understand the significance of the
colorful background in a PowerPoint presentation and their child's memory retention.

As to the School Administrators, this study will help them be aware and
understand the significance of colorful backgrounds in PowerPoint presentations for the
good of the students.
 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

As to the Community, this study will help them understand the significance of
colorful backgrounds in a PowerPoint presentation for the memory retention of all
students in every community.

As to the future Researchers, this study will assist them in expanding their
knowledge of the topic and the role that a colorful PowerPoint background plays in
improving students' memory retention.

D. Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined conceptually:

1. Significant-having or likely to have influence or effect (Merriam-Webster, 2023).

2. Relationship-the way in which two or more concepts, objects, or people are

connected, or the state of being connected (Merriam-Webster, 2023).

3. Colorful-having much or varied color; bright (Merriam-Webster, 2023).

4. Background-the area or scenery behind the main object of contemplation, especially

when perceived as a framework for it (Merriam-Webster, 2023).

5. PPT presentation-presentations that one generally uses in corporate meetings for

educational purposes such as training, induction, etc. (Merriam-Webster, 2023).

6. Memory-the process of taking in information from the world around us, processing it,
storing it and later recalling that information, sometimes many years later (Merriam-
Webster, 2023).

7. Retention-the ability to keep or continue having something (Merriam-Webster, 2023).

 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

The following terms are defined operationally:

1. Significant-having or likely to have influence or effect (Merriam-Webster, 2023).

2. Relationship-the way in which two or more concepts, objects, or people are

connected, or the state of being connected (Merriam-Webster, 2023).

3. Colorful- this term refers to having variety of colors.

4. Background- this term refers to the backdrop that will be use in the slides in the
Powerpoint presentation.

5. PPT presentation-presentations that one generally uses in corporate meetings for

educational purposes such as training, induction, etc. (Merriam-Webster, 2023).

6. Memory-the process of taking in information from the world around us, processing it,
storing it and later recalling that information, sometimes many years later (Merriam-
Webster, 2023).

7. Retention- this term refers to the student’s quiz scores to measure their recall of the
lessons presented in the Powerpoint (Merriam-Webster, 2023).

E. Scope and Delimitation

This study only includes NDMU students. 23 participants will be drawn from the
experimental psychology section of the course section B of second-year psychology
students. The study will take place at the psychology lab of Notre Dame of Marbel
University in Koronadal, South Cotabato.
 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Chapter ll: Methodology

C. Research Design
This study used experimental methods and intends to determine the relationship
between student’s memory retention and colourful background presentation in
Powerpoint.

D. Research Locale

This study will be conducted at Psychology Laboratory, Notre Dame of Marbel of

University, a Catholic learning institution located at Alunan Avenue, City of Koronadal,
South Cotabato.

C. Respondents/ Participants

The participants of the study are selected 2 nd Year Psychology students of Notre
Dame of Marbel University.

D. Research Instrument

In this study, the researchers will gather the data through a 15 item quiz that
contains questions to measure their memory retention.
 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

E. Research Procedures

The class will be divided into two groups. The experimental group will have their
lessons shown in plain color background of Powerpoint presentation and the control
group will have a coloful background in their lessons in Powerpoint. The researchers will
provide the Powerpoint and other necessary materials.

A quiz will be given after the lessons, to determine if there is an effect to memory
retention of the students depending on which background colors the researcher used.
After the experiment, the quiz in scores will be use to measure the students memoy
retention.

F. Statistical Treatment/ Data Analysis

To determine the result of the experiment, the given quiz will be analyzed to
measure the effect of the background of Powerpoint in student’s memory retention.

G. Ethical Considerations

The participants will first be asked for their permission to participate in the study
by the researchers. The researchers will take precautions to keep the individuals'
identities private. Last but not least, the participant data will be kept confidential.
 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato
 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato
 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato
 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato
 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato
 JMJ Marist Brothers
Notre Dame of Marbel University
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato