turgeon question and answers

CHAPTER 1

Lymphocytes
T and B types

Cooperative interaction
Specific cellular elements, cell products, and nonlymphoid elements

Nonspecific immune elements

Mononuclear phagocytes

Autoimmune disorder
>>Condition in which the body’s own tissues are attacked as if they were foreign

Immune system
>>Can protect against or be manipulated to treat disease

CHAPTER 2

Protein
>>chemical composition of an antibody

Allotype
>>Found on the immunoglobulins of some, but not all, animals of a species
>>not present in all, genetically controlled

Isotype
>>Dominant type found on immunoglobulins of all animals of a species
>>All variants in normal person

Idiotype
>>Individual determinants characteristic of each antibody
>>Individually specific to each immunoglobulun

Specificty
>>Ability of an antibody to combine with one antigen instead of another

Affinity
>>Strength of a bond between a single antigenic determinant and an individual combining site
Immune complex
>>Noncovalent combination of an antigen with its respective specific antibody

Type of bonding is are involved in antigen-antibody reactions

Hydrophobic,Hydrogen,Van der Waals

Antibody response
Lag-Log-Plateu-Decline

Monovalent antibodies have also been referred to as:

a. Complete antibodies
b. Incomplete antibodies

Which of the following is an accurate statement about monoclonal antibodies (MAbs)?

a. MAbs are antibodies engineered to bind to a single epitope.
b. MAbs are purified antibodies cloned from a single cell.
c. MAbs are used to classify and identify specific cellular membrane characteristics.
d. All of the above are correct.

Antigens are characterized by all the following except that they:

a. Are usually large organic molecules
b. Are usually lipids
c. Can be glycolipids or glycoproteins
d. Are also called immunogens

The immunogenicity of an antigen depends greatly on:

a. Its biochemical composition
b. Being structurally unstable
c. Its degree of foreignness
d. Having a low molecular weight

Antibodies are also referred to as:

a. Immunoglobulins
b. Haptens
c. Epitopes
d. Gamma globulins

IgM
Accounts for 10% of Ig pool, largely confined to the intravascular space
IgE
Mediates some types of hypersensitivity
IgA
Found in tears, saliva, colostrum, milk, and intestinal secretions
IgD
Makes up less than 1% of total immunoglobulins
IgG
Diffuses more readily into extravascular spaces, neutralizes toxins, and binds to
microorganisms

47. In a secondary (anamnestic) response, all the following characteristics are correct except:
a. IgG is the predominant antibody type b. It has a shorter lag phase
c. The antibody titer is lower
d. It has a more gradual decline in antibody response

48. Bonding of antigen to antibody exists exclusively as:

a. Hydrogen bonding
b. Van der Waals forces
c. Electrostatic forces
d. Noncovalent bonding

49. The strongest bond of antigen and antibody chiefly results from the:
a. Type of bonding
b. Goodness of fit
c. Antibody type
d. Quantity of antibody

50. Monoclonal antibodies have all the following characteristics except:

a. Purified antibodies
b. Cloned from a single cell
c. Engineered to bind to a single specific antigen
d. Frequent occurrence in nature

2. The principal type of leukocyte in the process of phagocytosis is the:

a. Eosinophil
b. Basophil
c. Monocyte
d. Neutrophil

3. Chronic granulomatous disease represents a defect of:

a. Oxidative metabolism
b. Abnormal granulation of neutrophils
c. Diapedesis
d. Chemotaxis

4. A primary function of the eosinophil is: a. Phagocytosis

b. Suppression of the inflammatory response
c. Reacting in acute, systemic hypersensitivity reactions
d. Antigen recognition

5. The cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system include:

a. Monocytes and promonocytes
b. Monocytes and macrophages
c. Lymphocytes and monocytes
d. Both a and b

6. The host defense function(s) of monocytes-macrophages include(s):

a. Antigen presentation
b. Phagocytosis
c. Secretion of biologically active molecules
d. All of the above

7. The surface MHC class II gene product is important in:

a. Antigen recognition by T lymphocytes
b. Antigen recognition by B lymphocytes c. Synthesis of antibody by plasma cells d.
Phagocytosis

Corticosteroid therapy
>>Defect in phagocytic killing

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Defective monocyte cytotoxicity

Intracellular infections
Defective release of macrophage-activating factors

Burns or diabetes
Depressed migration

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Impaired phagocytosis

PHAGOCYTOSIS
>>Increase in chemoattractants at site of tissue damage
>>Movement of phagocytic cells
>>Ingestion
>>Digestion
Chronic granulomatosus disease
>>Failure to exhibit increased anaerobic metabolism during phagocytosis

Lazy leukocyte syndrome

>>Defective leukocyte locomotion

Chédiak-Higashi anomaly
>>Marked defect in cellular response to chemotaxis

Myeloperoxidase deficiency
>>Mild to marked defect in bactericidal ability of neutrophils

Which statement about basophils is false?

a. They have a high concentration of heparin in the granules
b. They have a high concentration of histamine in the granules
c. They react with two adjacent IgA molecules on mast cells
d. They are associated with anaphylactic shock

The cells that constitute the physiologic, mononuclear phagocyte system do not include:
a. Promonocytes and their precursors
b. Monocytes in circulating blood
c. Macrophages in tissues
d. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils